ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY, KARAIKUDI

NEW SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS PATTERN FOR AFFILIATED COLLEGES WITH

EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023 ONWARDS

B.Sc. MATHEMATICS
Programme Structure

Sem. Course Courses T/P Credits Hours Max. Marks

Part Code Title of the Paper /Wee
k Int. Ext. Total
I 2211T T/OL Tamil/Other Languages-I T 3 6 25 75 100
II 712CE E Communicative English -I T 3 6 25 75 100
22BMA1C1 CC
Differential Calculus and T
5 5 25 75 100
Trigonometry
22BMA1C2 CC Classical Algebra T 4 4 25 75 100
- AL-IA
Statistics – I (or) Physics/ Chemistry / T
3 3 25 75 100
I III Computer Science
- AL-IA
Practical- Respective Allied Theory P
2 2 40 60 100
Course
22BVE1 SEC -I Value Education T 2 2 25 75 100
IV - - Library - - 2 - - -
Total 22 30 190 510 700
I 2221T T/OL Tamil/Other Languages-II T 3 6 25 75 100
II 722CE E Communicative English - II T 3 6 25 75 100
22BMA2C1 CC
Analytical Geometry and Vector T
5 5 25 75 100
Calculus
22BMA2C2 CC Integral Calculus T 4 4 25 75 100
- AL-IB
Statistics – II (or) Physics/ Chemistry T
3 3 25 75 100
III /Computer Science
- Practical- Respective Allied P
AL-IB 2 2 40 60 100
II Theory Course
22BES2 SEC-II Environmental Studies T 2 2 25 75 100
IV Naan Mudhalvan Language Proficiency for - 2 2 25 75 100
Course Employability(Effective English)
Total 24 30 215 585 800
I 2231T T/OL Tamil/Other Languages-III T 3 6 25 75 100
II 2232E E English for Enrichment-I T 3 6 25 75 100
22BMA3C1 CC Differential Equations T 5 5 25 75 100
22BMA3C2 CC Abstract Algebra T 4 4 25 75 100
- AL-IIA
Statistics – I (or) Physics/ Chemistry T
3 3 25 75 100
/Computer Science
III
- AL-IIA
Practical- Respective Allied Theory P
2 2 40 60 100
Course
III
22BE3 SEC-III Entrepreneurship T 2 2 25 75 100
- Adipadai Tamil/ T
IV NME-I Advance Tamil/
2 2 25 75 100
IT Skills for Employment/MOOC’S
Total 24 30 215 585 800
I 2241T T/OL Tamil/Other Languages -IV T 3 6 25 75 100
II 2242E E English for Enrichment-II T 3 3 25 75 100
22BMA4C1 CC Sequences and Series T 4 4 25 75 100
22BMA4C2 CC Linear Algebra T 4 4 25 75 100
IV 22BMA4C3 CC Transform Techniques T 3 3 25 75 100
III - Statistics – II (or) Physics/ Chemistry T
AL-IIB 3 3 25 75 100
/ Computer Science
 - Practical- Respective Allied Theory P
AL-IIB 2 2 40 60 100
Course
- Adipadai Tamil/ T
NME-II Advance Tamil/ 2 2 25 75 100
Small Business Management/MOOC’S
IV Naan Mudhalvan Digital Skills for Employability – - 2 3 25 75 100
Course (Microsoft-Office Fundamentals)
Total 26 30 240 660 900
22BMA5C1 CC Real Analysis T 4 5 25 75 100
22BMA5C2 CC Graph Theory T 4 5 25 75 100
22BMA5C3 CC Operations Research - I T 4 4 25 75 100
22BMA5C4 CC Numerical Analysis T 4 4 25 75 100
Practical-I – Choose any ONE P
22BMA5P1/ CC
(A) A Practical Approach to
4 5 40 60 100
III Optimization Techniques
V 22BMA5P2 (B) MS Office with Lab
Practical-II - Choose any ONE P
22BMA5P3/ CC
(A) An Algorithmic Approach in
4 5 40 60 100
Numerical Analysis
22BMA5P4 (B) LaTex
- Career development/employability -
- - 2 - - -
skills
Total 24 30 180 420 600
22BMA6I Internship 24 26 150 250 400
III DSE
Naan Mudhalvan Advanced Platform Technology for
Course Employability* (Project-based
learning)/ Data Analytics with - 2 4 25 75 100
Advanced Tools for Employability**
IV (Project-based learning-Data Analytics
& Visualization)
Total 26 30 175 325 500
(Or)
22BMA6E1 Complex Analysis T 6 6 25 75 100
DSE
22BMA6E2 Operations Research - II T 6 6 25 75 100
III
22BMA6E3 Mechanics T 6 6 25 75 100
22BMA6E4 Number Theory T 6 6 25 75 100
- - Library/ Yoga etc - - 2 - - -
Naan Mudhalvan Advanced Platform Technology for
VI Course Employability* (Project-based
learning)/ Data Analytics with - 2 4 25 75 100
IV Advanced Tools for Employability**
(Project-based learning-Data Analytics
& Visualization)
Total 26 30 125 375 500
(Or)
22BMA6PR Project 6 8 25 75 100
22BMA6E1 Complex Analysis T 6 6 25 75 100
III DSE
22BMA6E2 Operations Research -II T 6 6 25 75 100
22BMA6E3 Mechanics T 6 6 25 75 100
Naan Mudhalvan Advanced Platform Technology for
Scheme Employability* (Project-based - 2 4 25 75 100
IV
learning)/ Data Analytics with
 Advanced Tools for Employability**
(Project-based learning-Data Analytics
& Visualization)
Total 26 30 125 375 500
Grand Total 146 -- -- -- 4300

* Advanced Platform Technology for Employability – Government Colleges

** Data Analytics with Advanced Tools for Employability – Government Aided and Self financing

Part Course Title of the Paper Credits Hours/ Max. Marks

Sem. Code Week
Int. Ext. Total
I 71BEPP Professional English for Physical
4 5 25 75 100
III Science-I
II 72BEPP Professional English for Physical
4 5 25 75 100
Science-II
III * Professional English for Physical
4 5 25 75 100
Science-III
IV Professional English for Physical
4 5 25 75 100
Science-IV

*The Syllabus of Professional English for III & IV Semester will be provided after
Receiving the syllabus from TANSCHE.

As per TANSCHE, the Professional English book will be taught to all four streams apart
from the existing hours of teaching/additional hours of teaching (1hour/day) as a 4 credit paper as
an add on course on par with Major paper and completion of the paper is a must to continue
his/her studies further.
 TOL-Tamil/Other Languages,
 E–English
 CC-Core course–Core competency, critical thinking, analytical reasoning, research skill
& teamwork
 Allied –Exposure beyond the discipline
 AECC—Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course( Professional English &
Environmental Studies) -Additional academic knowledge, psychology and problem
solving etc.,
 SEC-Skill Enhancement Course-Exposure beyond the discipline (Value Education,
Entrepreneurship Course, Computer application for Science etc.,
 NME -Non Major Elective–Exposure beyond the discipline
 DSE– Discipline specific elective –-Student choice– either or
 Internship
 If internship–Marks = Internal = 150 (75+75) two midterm evaluation through
Viva voce and External = 250 marks (Report = 150+VivaVoce =100) = Total 400
marks
 Theory papers or
 Project +3 theory papers.
 MOOCs– Massive Open Online Courses.
 T- Theory, P- practical
 Semester - I
Course code: Core Course - I T/P C H/W
22BMA1C1 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS AND TRIGONOMETRY T 5 5
Objectives  To find the rate of change of a quality with respect to other.
 To understand the concepts of differential calculus in depth.
 To analyze the behavior of various curves.
Unit -I Successive differentiation – Expansion of functions - Leibnitz formula – Max and
Min of function of two variables.
Unit-II Sub tangent and Subnormal – Polar coordinates - Angle between the tangents -
Slope of the tangent –Angle of intersection of two curves.
Unit- III Envelopes – Curvature – Circle, Radius and Centre of Curvature – Evolutes.
Unit- IV Application of DeMovire’s Theorem – Expansions of sin n, cos n, tan n -
Expansions of sin and cos in ascending powers of  – Expansions of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 and
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 interms of multiple angles
Unit -V Hyperbolic functions – Inverse hyperbolic functions.
Textbooks
Narayanan, S., & Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. (2015). Calculus (Vol. I). S.Viswanathan
(Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Narayanan, S., & Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. (2009). Trigonometry. S.Viswanathan (Printers
and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
Arumugam, S., & Thangapandi Isaac, A. (2014). Calculus (Vol. I). Palayamkottai: New Gamma
Publishing House.
Venkataraman, M. K., & Manorama, S. (2001). Calculus & Fourier Series. Chennai: The National
Publishing Company.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Find maxima and minima of function of two variables.
 Expand 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 and 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 in terms of θ.
 Semester - I
Course code: Core Course - II T/P C H/W
22BMA1C2 CLASSICAL ALGEBRA T 4 4
Objectives  To study the Relations between the roots and coefficients of equations.
 To understand the concepts of Various Inequalities and Series.
Unit -I Theory of Equations: – Relation between roots and coefficients – Symmetric
functions of roots – Formation of equation – Transformation of equation.
Unit-II Reciprocal equation – Descartes’ rule of signs – Diminishing and Increasing the
roots – Newton’s method of divisors – Horner’s method.
Unit- III Inequalities: – A.M., G.M., H.M. and Applications – Cauchy Schwartz
Inequality – Weierstrass Inequality.
Unit -IV Binomial, Exponential and Logarithmic series
Unit -V Summation of Series – Approximations
Textbooks
Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K., Natarajan, T., & Ganapathy, K.S. (2013). Algebra (Vol I).
S.Viswanathan Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K., Natarajan, T., & Ganapathy, K.S. (2013). Algebra (Vol II).
S.Viswanathan Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
Arumugam, S., & ThangapandiIssac. A. (2011). Theory of Equations, Theory of Numbers and
Trigonometry. Palayamkottai: New Gamma Publishing House.
Venkataraman, M. K., & Manoramma, S. (2002). Theory of Equations, Theory of Numbers and
Inequalities. Chennai: The National Publishing Company.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Describe the relation between roots and coefficients.
 Transform the equation through roots multiplied by a given number.
 Solve the reciprocal equations.
 Semester - II
Course code: Core Course - III T/P C H/W
22BMA2C1 ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY AND VECTOR CALCULUS T 5 5
Objectives  To introduce the concept of three dimensional coordinate geometry in depth.
 To understand the concept of vector integration, gradient and volume integral.
Unit -I Intersection of two lines - Coplanar lines – Angle between a line and a plane - Length of
perpendicular from a point to a line – Shortest distance - Distance between two skew lines
Unit-II Sphere: Equation of a sphere in various forms – Tangent line and tangent plane - Section of a
sphere and problems.
Unit- III Cone: Equation of a cone in various forms, simple problems - Cylinder: Equation of right
circular cylinder, simple problems
Unit -IV Vector differentiation – Gradient, Curl, Divergence, Vector identities and problems
Unit- V Vector integration – Line integral – Surface integral - Volume integral - Green's Theorem,
Stokes theorem, Gauss's Theorem (Statements and verification only).
Textbook
Arumugam, S., & ThangaPandi Isaac, A. (2014). Analytical Geometry of 3D and Vector Calculus.
Palayamkottai: New Gamma Publishing House
Reference Books
Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K., & Natarajan, T. (2001). A text book of Analytical Geometry Part II –
Three Dimensions. S.Viswanathan (Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Venkataraman, M.K., &Manorama, S. (2001). Analytical Geometry 3D and Vector Calculus. Chennai:
National Publishing Company.
Narayanan, S., & Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. (1997). Vector Calculus. S.Viswanathan (Printers and
Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Describe the various forms of equation of a Plane, Straight line, Sphere, Cone
and Cylinder.
 Find the angle between planes, Bisector planes, Perpendicular distance from
a point to a plane, Image of a line on a plane and Intersection of two lines
 Compute the angle between a line and a plane and length of perpendicular
from a point to a line.
 Semester - II
Course code: Core Course - IV T/P C H/W
22BMA2C2 INTEGRAL CALCULUS T 4 4
Objectives  To evaluate integration of irrational functions and improper integrals.
 To understand the concepts of double and triple integration.
Unit -I Definite Integrals and their properties.
Unit-II Reduction formula for sinnx, cosnx, tannx, sinmxcosnx – Bernoulli’s formula.
Unit -III Double integrals – Change of variables – Jacobian.
Unit- IV Triple integrals.
Unit -V Beta and Gamma Integrals – Properties and Problems.
Textbooks
Narayanan, S., & Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. (2016). Calculus (Vol.II). S.Viswanathan Printers
and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Narayanan, S., & Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. (2004). Calculus (Vol.III). S.Viswanathan Printers
and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
Narayanan, S. (2012). Integral Calculus. S.Chand & Co.
Venkataraman, M.K., & Manorama, S. (2001). Calculus and Fourier series. Chennai: The
National Publishing Company.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Explain properties of Beta functions.
 Solve Basic Integral Calculus problems.
 Explain properties of definite integrals.
 Prove reduction formulae and solve some problems by using this
formula.
 Evaluate double and triple integrals.
 Semester - III
Course code: Core Course - V T/P C H/W
22BMA3C1 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS T 5 5
Objectives  To gain logical skills in the formation of differential equations.
 To expose students to use differential equations as a powerful tool in problem
solving and to inculcate the application of differential equation in real world
problems.
Unit -I Exact Differential Equations – Conditions for equation to be exact ‒Working rule
for solving it and problems – Equations of the first order but of higher degree –
Equations solvable for p, x, y, Clairaut’s form – Equations that do not contain
(i) x explicitly (ii) y explicitly – Equations homogenous in x and y ‒ Linear
Equation with constant coefficients.
Unit-II Linear equations with variable coefficients – Equations reducible to the linear
equations – Simultaneous Differential Equations – First order and first degree –
Simultaneous linear Differential Equations.
Unit III Linear equations of the Second order ‒ Complete Solution given a known
integral – Reduction to Normal form – Change of the independent variable ‒
Variation of parameters
Unit IV Linear equations of second order with variable coefficients - Total Differential
Equations – Necessary and Sufficient condition of integrability of Pdx + Qdy +
Rdz = 0, Rule for solving it.
Unit V Partial Differential Equations of the First order – Classifications of Integrals –
Derivations of Partial Differential Equations – Special methods – Standard forms
– Charpit’s method.
Textbook
Narayanan, S., & Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. (2015). Differential Equations and its
Applications. S.Viswanathan (Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
Arumugam, S., & Thangapandi Issac, A. (2014). Differential Equations and its Applications.
Palayamkottai: New Gamma Publishing House.
Venkatraman, M.K. (1985). Engineering Mathematics. S.V. Publications.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Extract the solution of differential equations of the first order and of the
first degree by variables separable, Homogeneous and Non-
Homogeneous methods.
 Find a solution of differential equations of the first order and of a
degree higher than the first by using methods of solvable for p, x and y.
 Compute all the solutions of second and higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, linear equations with variable
coefficients.
 Solve simultaneous linear equations with constant coefficients and
total differential equations.
 Semester - III
Course code: Core Course - VI T/P C H/W
22BMA3C2 ABSTRACT ALGEBRA T 4 4
Objectives  To develop an understanding of fundamental algebraic structures.
 To introduce the structure and characteristics of groups and rings.
Unit -I Groups: Definition and Examples – Elementary Properties of a Group –
Equivalent Definitions of a Group – Permutation Groups – Definitions and
examples.
Unit-II Subgroups – Cyclic Groups – Order of an Element – Cosets and Lagrange’s
Theorem.
Unit- III Normal Subgroups and Quotient Groups – Isomorphism – Homomorphism.
Unit- IV Rings: Definitions and Examples – Elementary properties of rings –
Isomorphism – Types of Rings – Characteristic of a ring – Subrings.

Unit -V Ideals – Quotient rings – Integral Domain - Homomorphism of rings.

Textbooks
Arumugam, S., & Thangapandi Issac, A. (2003). Modern Algebra. Chennai: SciTech
Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Khanna, V. K., & Bhambri, S.K. (2017). A Course in Abstract Algebra (Unit – IV & Unit –
V). Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
Herstein, N. (1975). Topics in Algebra. (Student 2ndedition). John Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
Vasishta, A.R., &. Vasishtha, A.K. (2015). Modern Algebra. Meerut: Krishna Prakashan
Mandhir Media Pvt. Ltd.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Define subgroup, Center, Normalizer of a subgroup.
 Find cycles and transpositions of a given permutations.
 Prove Lagrange’s theorem, Euler’s theorem and Fermat’s theorem.
 Define normal subgroups, quotient groups and index of a subgroup.
 Understanding the concept of the rings and integral domain.
 Semester - IV
Course code: Core Course - VII T/P C H/W
22BMA4C1 SEQUENCES AND SERIES T 4 4
Objectives  To understand the concept of convergence of a real sequence.
 To discuss the techniques of testing the behavior of infinite series.
Unit -I Sequences: Definition and examples for Sequences, Convergence, Divergence.
Oscillation, Monotonic and Bounded sequences, Subsequence and Cauchy sequence.
Theorems on Algebra of Limits.
Unit-II Theorems on Monotonic sequence – Theorem on Cauchy sequence - Cauchy general
Principle of convergence - Behavior of Geometric sequence.
Unit- III Infinite series: Series of positive terms - Cauchy’s General Principle of Convergence -
Comparison test – Harmonic series.
Unit- IV Kummer’s test – Raabe’s test – D’ Alembert’s ratio test – Cauchy’s root test – Gauss
test and Problems.
Unit- V Cauchy Condensation test – Cauchy’s integral test - Alternating series – Absolute
convergence – Conditionally convergence (Theorems) - Leibnitz’s test and Problems.
Textbook
Arumugam, S., & ThangapandiIssac, A. (2015). Sequences and Series. Palayamkottai: New
Gamma Publishing House.
Reference Book
Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K., Natarajan, T., & Ganapathy, K.S. (1999). Algebra (Vol. I). S.
Viswanathan (Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Understand different types of sequence.
 Discuss the behavior of the geometric sequence.
 Prove properties of convergent and divergent sequence.
 Verify the given series is convergent or divergent by using different
tests.
 Semester - IV
Course code: Core Course - VIII T/P C H/W
22BMA4C2 LINEAR ALGEBRA T 4 4
Objectives  Intended to develop an understanding of linear algebraic structures.
 To understand of the concept of linear transformations and their matrix
representation.
Unit -I Vector Spaces – Definition and examples – Subspaces – Linear Transformation
– Span of a set.
Unit-II Linear Independence – Basis and Dimension – Rank and Nullity.
Unit- III Matrix of a Linear Transformation – Inner Product Space – Definition and
examples – Orthogonality – Orthogonal complement.

Unit- IV Algebra of Matrices – Types of Matrices – The inverse of a matrix – Elementary

Transformations – Rank of a Matrix– Simultaneous Linear Equations.
Unit- V Characteristic Equation and Cayley – Hamilton theorem - Eigen Values and
Eigen Vectors - Bilinear forms – Quadratic forms.
Textbook
Arumugam, S., &ThangapandiIssac, A. (2003). Modern Algebra. Chennai: SciTech
Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
Sharma, J. N., & Vashistha, A. R. (1981). Abstract Algebra. Meerut: Krishna Prakasam
Mandir.
Vasistha, A.R. (2019). Modern Algebra. Meerut: Krishna Prakashan Publication.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Critically analyze and construct mathematical arguments that relate to the
study of introductory linear algebra.
 Use computational techniques and algebraic skills essential for the study of
systems of linear equations matrix algebras, vector spaces, Eigen values,
Eigen vectors, orthogonality and diagonalization.
 Semester - IV
Course code: Core Course - IX T/P C H/W
22BMA4C3 TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES T 3 3
Objectives  To introduce the concept on Laplace, Fourier and Z – transform of different
functions.
 To learn the application of Laplace transform to solve Differential Equations
and Z – transform to solve Different equations.
Unit -I Laplace Transform – Definition – Laplace Transform of Standard functions ––
Laplace Transform of Periodic functions.
Unit-II Inverse Laplace Transforms – Standard formulae – Solving Ordinary
Differential Equations with constant coefficients - Variable coefficients and
simultaneous linear equations using Laplace Transform.
Unit- III Fourier Series – Definition – To find the Fourier coefficients of Periodic
functions of period 2 .
Unit- IV Fourier Transforms – Complex form of Fourier Integral Formula – Fourier
Integral theorem –Fourier Sine and Cosine.
Unit -V Z Transforms – Definition – Properties – Z Transforms of some basic functions
and Problems – Inverse Z Transforms – Methods to find the inverse Z
Transform.
Textbooks
Narayanan, S., & ManicavachagomPilla, T.K. (2014). Calculus (Vol. III). S.Viswanathan
(Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Veerarajan, T. (2004). Engineering Mathematics. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Limited.
Reference Books
Singaravelu, A. (2015). Transforms and Partial Differential Equations. Chennai:
MeenakshiAgency.
Vittal, P.R. (2000). Differential Equations, Fourier and Laplace Transforms, Probability.
Margham Publications.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Ability to compute the Fourier series of the function with one variable.
 Understand the nature of the Fourier series that represent even and odd functions.
 Understand the concepts of Fourier transforms to the real world problems of
circuit analysis and control system design.
 Apply z-transforms to solve the difference equations.
 Semester - V
Course code: Core Course- X T/P C H/W
22BMA5C1 REAL ANALYSIS T 4 5
Objectives  To enhance the knowledge of abstract mathematics on the real line.
 To introduce the concepts for understanding and analyzing mathematics on
the metric space.
Unit -I Countable and Uncountable sets – Metric spaces – Definition and examples –
Bounded sets in a metric space – Open Ball in a metric space – Open sets.
Unit-II Subspace – Interior of a set – Closed sets – Closure – Limit point – Dense sets
– Complete Metric Space.
Unit- III Continuity – Homeomorphism – Uniform continuity.
Unit- IV Connectedness – Definition and examples – Connected subsets of R –
Connectedness and Continuity.
Unit- V Compact Metric spaces – Compact subsets of R - Compactness and
Continuity.
Textbook
Arumugam, S., & Thangapandi Issac, A. (2015). Modern Analysis. Palayamkottai: New
Gamma Publishing House.
Reference Books
Goldberg, R.R. (2017). Methods of Real analysis. New Delhi: IBM Publishing.
Rudin, W. (2012). Principles of Mathematical Analysis. Singapore: McGraw-Hill
International Editions.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Learn the concepts for understanding and analyzing abstract mathematics
on the matric space.
 Acquire the knowledge of real functions, limit of functions and their
properties.
 Semester - V
Course code: Core Course- XI T/P C H/W
22BMA5C2 GRAPH THEORY T 4 5
Objectives  To introduce basic concept of graph theory.
 To develop theoretical aspects of graph theory.
 To apply graph theory based tools in solving practical problems.

Unit -I Definition and examples – Subgraphs – Isomorphism – Ramsey Numbers –

Independent sets – Coverings - Intersection graphs – Line graph - Matrices –
Degree sequences – Graphic sequences.
Unit-II Walks, trials, paths – Connectedness and Components – Bipartite graph – Cut point
– Bridge - Trees – Characterization of trees – Center of a tree.
Unit- III Planarity – Euler's formula – Characterization of planar graphs - Thickness, Crossing
Number and outer planarity.
Unit- IV Chromatic number – Chromatic Index – Five colour theorem – Four colour
problem - Chromatic polynomials and their properties.
Unit- V Directed graphs – Connectivity in digraph - Strong orientation graphs – Tournaments.
Textbooks
Arumugam. S., & Ramachandran, S. (2001). Invitation to Graph Theory. Scitech Publications
(India) Pvt. Ltd.
Choudam, S.A. (2019). A first course in Graph Theory. Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd. (Unit – V)
Reference Books
Balakrishnan, R., & Ranganathan, K. (2007). A Text Book of Graph Theory. New Delhi: Ane
Books India.
Clark, J., & Holton, D.A. (2005). A First Look at Graph Theory. New Delhi: Allied Publishers.
Harary, F. (2001).Graph Theory. Narosa Publishing Company.
Narasingh, D. (1974).Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science
New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Understand fundamental definitions of graph theory.
 Learn a clear perspective of solving real life problems using graph theory.
 Use a combination of theoretical knowledge and independent mathematical
thinking for creative research in graph theory.
 Semester - V
Course code: Core Course- XII T/P C H/W
22BMA5C3 OPERATIONS RESEARCH - I T 4 4
Objectives  To formulate linear programming problem for simple mathematical models.
 To develop mathematics skills to analyse and solve linear programming
problems in a wide range of applications.
Unit -I Linear Programming problem – Mathematical formulation of the problem –
Illustration on Mathematical formulation of linear programming problems –
Graphical solution method – Some exceptional cases – General linear
programming problem – Canonical and Standard forms of L.P.P ‒ Simplex
method.
Unit-II Use of Artificial variables (Big M method) – Two Phase method - Duality in
linear programming – General primal and dual pair – Formulating a Dual
problem – Primal–Dual pair in matrix form ‒ Duality Theorems –
Complementary Slackness Theorem ‒ Duality and Simplex method – Dual
simplex method.
Unit -III Introduction – L.P. formulation of T.P. – Existence of solution in T.P. – The
Transportation table – Loops in T.P. – Solution of a Transportation problem –
Finding an initial basic Feasible solution (NWCM – LCM – VAM) –
Degeneracy in TP – Transportation Algorithm (MODI Method) – Unbalanced
T.P – Maximization T.P.
Unit -IV Assignment problem – Introduction – Mathematical formulation of the problem
‒ Test for optimality by using Hungarian method – Maximization case in
Assignment problem.
Unit- V Sequencing problem – Introduction – Problem of sequencing ‒ Basic terms used
in Sequencing– n jobs to be operated on two machines – n jobs to be operated
on K machines.
Textbook
Swarup, K., Gupta, P.K., & Mohan, M. (2008). Operations Research. New Delhi: Sultan
Chand & Sons.
Reference Books
Gupta, P.K., & Hira, D.S. (2004). Operations Research. New Delhi: S.Chand & Co.
Taha, H.A. (2017). Operations Research–An Introduction. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Develop a general understanding of the operation research methodology to
decision making.
 Identify best techniques to solve a specific problem in linear model of operation
research.
 Semester - V
Course code: Core Course- XIII T/P C H/W
22BMA5C4 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS T 4 4
Objectives  To expose the students to various tools in solving numerical problems.
 To prepare the students for competitive examinations like GATE, CSIR-
NET, SLET, etc.
Unit -I Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental equations – Introduction, Bisection
Method - Iteration Method - Method of False Position - Newton Raphson
Method.
Unit-II Interpolation: Finite differences – Forward differences - Backward differences
- Central differences - Symbolic relations - Newton’s formula for Interpolation
‒ Interpolation with unevenly spaced points – Lagrange’s Interpolation
formula.
Unit- III Numerical Differentiation and Integration – Introduction, Numerical
Differentiation – Cubic Spline method – Maximum and Minimum values of a
tabulated function - Numerical Integration – Trapezoidal Rule and Simpson’s
1/3 and 3/8 rules.
Unit- IV Matrices and Linear system of Equations ‒ Gaussian Elimination Method -
Modification of the Gauss Method to compute the inverse – Iterative Method –
Jacobi and Gauss Seidal Methods.
Unit- V Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations – Solution by Taylor
Series - Picard’s Method of Successive Approximations - Runge – Kutta
Methods.
Textbook
Sastry, S.S. (2012). Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis. New Delhi: PHI Learning
Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K.,& Gunavathy, K.(2008).Numerical Methods. S.Chand
Publications.
Arumugam, S., ThangapandiIssac, A., & Somasundaram, A. (2013). Numerical Analysis with
Programming in C. Palayamkottai: New Gamma Publishing House.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Learn a sufficient exposure in constructing difference tables and to use newton’s
forward and backward formula for interpolation in equal intervals.
 Understand the numerical integration by using trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule.
 SEMESTER V
Course Code Core Practical – I(A) T/P C H/W
22BMA5P1 A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO OPTIMIZATION P 4 5
TECHNIQUE
Objectives  To enlighten the students in the field of operations research.
 To train the students to apply OR techniques in business and management problems
Linear Programming Problems
1. Formulate a real life situation into an LPP and solve it using graphical method.
2. Formulate a real life situation into an LPP and solve it by selecting the appropriate method among
simplex method, two phase simplex method, Big-M method and duality. Explain why you choose
this method to solve this problem.
3. Solve LPP with unrestricted variables.
Transportation Problems
4. Explain Modified Distribution method for obtaining optimum solution to the given transportation
problem. Solve a TP using this method.
5. Solve a transportation problem with prohibited route.
6. Solve a transportation problem with maximization objective.
Assignment Problems
7. Explain Hungarian algorithm for solving assignment problem and apply this algorithm to solve an
assignment problem with maximization objective.
8. Solve an assignment problem with restricted assignment, that is, restrict to condition.
9. Solve an assignment problem with condition assignment, that is, facilitative condition.
10. Formulate a Crew assignment problem into an AP and solve it.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Acquire knowledge about the transportation and assignment problems.
 Understand to solve real life oriented problems.

Tutor’s Guide

• All the Questions can be solved by applying the concepts through the pen and paper
mode. (Solving through computer is not necessary for this paper, but if students are
interested then they can do on their own).
• For Question: 1, select a problem with atleast 4 constraints.
• For Question: 2, Practice atleast three problems in each case.
• Practice atleast three problems for all 10 questions in the observation notebook.
• Write exactly one problem for all questions from the observation notebook with your
own choice from the three.

Guide to write the record notebook

• For Questions 1 to 10 write the formulation and the algorithm of the method used in the
right hand side page of the record notebook; solution of particular problem in the left hand
side page of the record notebook.
• Write the objective of the problem first, then write the mathematical formation if any, then
write the algorithm used as said in the previous point, finally write the solution as result.
 Semester - V
Course code: Core Practical – I(B) T/P C H/W
22BMA5P2 MS OFFICE WITH LAB P 4 5
Objectives  To develop the knowledge of computer.
 To know the importance of Word, Excel and Power Point.
Unit -I MS Word introduction - Word for Windows – Creating a Document -
Changing the Format Text – Cut, Copy, Paste - Advanced format (borders,
tables, pictures) - Define Document and Tool - Saving your Work - Setting your
Page - Preview the Document.
Unit-II MS Word's Master Document - Find and Replace - Define Template Styles -
Toolbars - Headers and Footers - Spelling Check - Grammar Check,
Hyphenation - Auto Correct - Bullets and Numbers - Table Creation - Mail
Merge.
Unit- III MS Excel Introduction – Explanations for Excel page (row, column, and cells)
- How to enter data - Usage of Formula and Functions and Creating Excel Chart
(Area, Bar, Column, Doughnut, Line, Pie, Radar and 3-D Charts).
Unit- IV Data Manipulation – Setting Printer Range – Resize the Margin – Various
types of Functions (Statistical Mathematical String, Logical Date and Time) –
Data Query - Fill Table.
Unit- V What is Power Point – why – Use – Define Presentation and Wizard – Power
Point Slide Changer – Adding Slide message – Slide Show - What is Access –
What is Database – What are Tables, Queries, Forms – Creating a Table using
Wizard – Creating a Form using a Wizard.
Textbook
Davenport, J., Greaves, C., Groh, M.,& Hallberg, E. (1994).Inside Microsoft Office Professional.
New Riders Publishing. Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19, and 20
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Enrich the knowledge in formatting document of varies types.
 Prepare Excel worksheets and Power Point design.
 SEMESTER V
Course Code Core Practical -II(A) T/P C H/W
22BMA5P3 AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH IN NUMERICAL P 4 5
ANALYSIS
Objectives  To know the applications behind various numerical methods.
 To apply the concepts to solve mathematical problems.
Problems
1. Explain the secant method for solving algebraic equations. Execute this method with an
example.
2. Explain Ramanujan's method to find the smallest root of algebraic or transcendental.
3. Explain Stirling's formula for interpolation with an example.
4. Explain Bessel's formula for interpolation with an example.
5. Explain Laplace - Everett formula for interpolation with an example.
6. Explain Newton's divided difference for interpolation with an example.
7. Explain Boole's rule for numerical integration with an example.
8. Explain Weddle's rule for numerical integration with an example.
9. Explain Gauss-Jordan method and hence solve the system of linear equations.
10. Explain Gauss-Seidal method and hence solve the system of linear equations.
11. Explain Milne's predictor-corrector method to solve ordinary differential equations with
an example.
12. Explain Adam-Bashforth predictor-corrector method to solve ordinary differential
equations with an example.
Outcomes
Students will be able to
 Establish the advantages of operations research.
 Gain a thorough knowledge of operations research for problems solving.

Tutor’s Guide
 All the Questions can be solved by applying the concepts through the pen and paper
mode. (Solving through computer is not necessary for this paper, but if students are
interested then they can do on their own).
 Practice atleast three problems for all questions in the observation notebook.
 Write exactly one problem for all questions from the observation notebook with your own
choice from the three.
Guide to write the record notebook
 For all the Questions write the algorithm of the method used, in the right hand side page
of the record notebook; solution of particular problem in the left hand side page of the
record notebook.
 Write the objective of the problem first, then write the basic concepts involved in that
problem, then write the algorithm used, as said in the previous point, finally write the
solution as result.
 Semester - V
Course code: Core Practical – II(B) T/P C H/W
22BMA5P4 LaTex P 4 5
Objectives  Understand richness of Latex rather than using M.S word for
documentation.
 Proficient in documentation using mathematical symbols, graphs and tables.
Unit -I Text formatting - TEX and its offspring - What is different in LATEX 2є -
Distinguishing LaTex 2є - Basics of a LaTex file.
Unit-II Command names and Arguments – Environments – Declarations - Lengths -
Special Characters – Spaces and Carriage Returns - Quotation Marks - Hyphens
and Dashes, Printing Command Characters- The Date – Exercises.
Unit- III Document class - Page style - Parts of the document - Table of contents –
Automatic entries - Printing the table of contents - Fine-Tuning text – Line
breaking - Page breaking - Displayed Text – Changing font – Emphasis -
Choice of font size - Font attributes - Centering and indenting - Lists.
Unit- IV Tables - Printing literal text - Footnotes and Marginal notes.
Unit -V Mathematical environments - Main elements of math mode - Mathematical
symbols – Greek letters - Function names - Additional elements - Fine–tuning
mathematics – Horizontal spacing - Selecting font size in formulas.
Textbook
Kopka, H., & Patrick, W. D. (1999). A Guide to LATEX (3rd Ed). London: Addison – Wesley.
Reference Book
Kavitha, V., & Mallikarjunan, M. (2013). Fundamentals of Latex for Mathematicians.
Germany: Physicists and Engineers, LAP Lambert Academy Publishing.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Understand basic concepts of Text formatting and LaTex file
 Demonstrating command names and arguments.
 Apply the commands to create document layout and displayed output
 Create Table, Printing Text, Foot notes and marginal notes
 Apply LaTex commands to mathematical formulae.
 Semester - VI
Course code: DSE-I T/P C H/W
22BMA6E1 COMPLEX ANALYSIS T 6 6
Objectives  To introduce the basic concepts in complex analysis.
 Intended to develop an understanding of complex integration and
evaluation of definite integrals.
Unit -I Complex numbers: Modulus Amplitude and Product of Complex Numbers –
Equations of Straight line, Circle – Reflection points - Concyclic point - Inverse
point - Meaning of Mod ( ) and amp ( )
Unit-II Analytic function – C.R equations – C.R. equations in Polar forms – Harmonic
functions.
Unit- III Bilinear transformation - Cross ratio - Fixed points–Transformations which map
real axis to real axis – Unit circle to unit circle and real axis to unit circle.
w = 𝑧 , w = 𝑧 , w = 𝑒 , w = ,w = sin z , w = .
( )

Unit -IV Complex Integration - Cauchy Integral Theorem – Cauchy Integral Formula -
Derivatives of Analytic Function - Moreras Theorem - Cauchy's Inequality -
Liouvilles Theorem – Fundamental Theorem of Algebra – Taylor's Theorem –
Taylor Laurentz Series.
Unit -V Singular Points – Argument Principle - Rouche's Theorem – Calculus of
Residue – Residue Theorem – Evaluation of Definite Integrals.
Textbook
Arumugam, S., Thangapandi Isaac, A., & Somasundaram, A. (2017). Complex Analysis.
Chennai: Scitech Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
Gupta, P.P., Gupta, R.K., &Gupta, S.(1992).Complex Variables. Meerut: Kedarnath Ramnath.
Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. (1994). Complex Analysis. S.Viswanathan (Printers and
Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Sharma, J. N. (1997). Functions of a Complex Variable. Krishna Prakasan Media (P) Ltd.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Understand the importance of analytic function.
 Demonstrate and understand the concepts in complex integration.
 Semester - VI
Course code: DSE-II T/P C H/W
22BMA6E2 OPERATIONS RESEARCH – II T 6 6
Objectives  To introduce the various techniques of operations research.
 Make the students to solve real life problems in business and management.
Unit -I Replacement problem and System Reliability – Introduction ‒ Replacement of
Equipment / Assert that Deteriorates Gradually – Replacement of Equipment
that fails suddenly.
Unit-II Inventory Control – Introduction – Types of Inventories ‒ Reason for carrying
Inventories – Costs Associated with Inventories ‒ Factors affecting Inventory
Control – The Concept of EOQ ‒ Deterministic Inventory problems with no
shortages, with shortages - Problems of EOQ with Price Breaks.
Unit- III Queuing Theory – Introduction – Queuing System – Elements of Queuing
System – Operating Characteristics of a Queuing System ‒ Deterministic
Queuing System – Probability Distributions of Queuing Systems –
Classification of Queuing models ‒ Definition of Transient and Steady States ‒
Poisson Queuing Systems – (M/M/1) : (∞/FIFO), (M/M/1) : (∞/SIRO), (M/M/1)
: (N/FIFO) - Generalized Model Birth – Death Process.
Unit- IV Network Scheduling by PERT / CPM – Network Basic Components – Drawing
Network – Critical path Analysis – PERT Analysis – Distinction between PERT
and CPM.
Unit -V Game Theory ‒ Two Person Zero – Sum Games – Basic Terms – Maximin –
Minimax Principle – Games without Saddle Points – Mixed Strategies –
Graphical solution of 2× n and m × 2 games – Dominance Property – General
solution of m × n rectangular games.
Textbook
Swarup, K., Gupta, P.K., & Mohan, M. (2008). Operations Research. New Delhi: Sultan
Chand & Sons, Educational Publishers.
Reference Books
Gupta, P.K., & Hira, D.S. (2004). Operations Research. New Delhi: S.Chand & Co.
Kalavathy, S. (2002). Operations Research. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.
Taha, H.A. (2017). Operations Research–An Introduction. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Understand the mathematical techniques to model and analyze decision
problems with effective application to real life in optimization of
objectives.
 Formulate simple reasoning and learning optimization problems.
 Analyze a problem and select a suitable strategy.
 Apply an approximate method to obtain a solution for a problem.
 Semester - VI
Course code: DSE-III T/P C H/W
22BMA6E3 MECHANICS T 6 6
Objectives  To understand the concept of different forces and moments and their
equilibrium with reference to a coordinate system.
 To widen appreciation of the variety of phenomena covered by mechanics
and the techniques available to handle them.
 To provide an adequate foundation for further self – study.
Unit -I Forces acting at a point – Resultant and Components – Definitions – Simple
cases of finding the Resultant – Parallelogram law of Forces – Analytical
Expression for the resultant of two forces acting at a point – Triangle Law of
Forces – Perpendicular Triangle of forces – Converse of Triangle of forces ‒
The Polygon Law of forces – Lami’s Theorem – An Extended form of the
Parallelogram law of forces – Parallel forces – Resultant of like parallel forces
– Unequal unlike parallel forces – Moments – Physical significance –
Geometrical representation ‒ Sign and unit of the moment – Varigon’s
theorem.
Unit-II Friction – Laws of friction Theorems – Equilibrium of a particle on a rough
inclined plane – (i) Under a force parallel to the plane – (ii) Under any forces –
Problems on Friction – Uniform String under the action of gravity – Equation
of the common catenary – Axis, Vertex, Directrix, Span and Sag – Tenson at
any point.
Unit- III Projectile – Definition – fundamental principles – Path of the Projectile –
Characteristics of the motion of a projectile – Simple Harmonic motion –
Equation of Velocity – Displacement – Periodic time – Frequency –
Amplitude – Composition of S.H.M.
Unit -IV Impact of two bodies – Collision of elastic bodies - Fundamental laws of
Impact – Newton’s Experimental law – Impact of a smooth sphere on a fixed
smooth plane – Direct Impact of two smooth spheres – Loss of kinetic energy
due to Direct Impact – Oblique Impact of two smooth spheres – Loss of
Kinetic energy due to Oblique Impact.
Unit- V Motion under a Central Force – Differential Equation of Central Orbits –
Perpendicular from the pole on the tangent – Formulae in Polar Coordinates –
Pedal Equation of the Central Orbit – Pedal equation of some of the well
known curves – Velocities in a central orbit – Two folded problems.
Textbooks
Venkataraman, M. K. (2014). Statics. Tiruchirapalli: Agasthiyar Publications.
Venkataraman, M. K. (2017). Dynamics. Tiruchirapalli: Agasthiyar Publications.
Reference Books
Cholton, F. (1962). Mechanics of Mathematics for Engineers. Wiley.
Duraipandian, P. (1984). Mechanics. Chennai: Emerald Publishers.
Narayanan, S. (1986). Dynamics. Chennai: S.Chand & Co.
Narayanan, S. (1986). Statics. Chennai: S.Chand & Co.
 Vasuky, M. (2020). Mechanics (1st Ed.). Madurai: Shanlax Publications.

Outcomes Students will be able to

 Understand the concepts of statics and dynamics applicable in real life.
 Acquire wide knowledge of handling problems related to mechanics.
 Acquire sufficient knowledge for further studies in mechanics at a higher
level.
 Semester - VI
Course code: DSE-IV T/P C H/W
22BMA6E4 NUMBER THEORY T 6 6
Objectives  To study the concept of mathematical induction, prime numbers and division
algorithms.
 To understand the concepts of congruence and quadratic reciprocity.
Unit -I Divisibility– Euclidean Algorithm – Primes – Fundamental theorem of
Arithmetic.
Unit-II Congruences – Fermat, Euler and Wilson’s Theorems – Lagrange Theorem –
Chinese Remainder Theorem – Solution of Congruence.
Unit -III Quadratic Residues – Euler’s Criterion – Gauss Lemma – Quadratic Reciprocity
law.
Unit- IV Arithmetic Functions – Number of divisors– Sum of divisors – Euler’s phi
function –Mobius function – Mobius inversion formula – Greatest integer
function – Related problems.
Unit -V Numbers of Special Form – Perfect Numbers – Mersenne Primes and Amicable
Numbers – Fermat Numbers – Pepin’s Test – Diophantine Equation –
Pythagorean Triplets.
Textbook
Burton, D. M. (2012). Elementary Number theory. Universal book stall.
Reference Books
Andrews, G. E. (1994). Number theory. Hindustan Publishing Corporation.
Apostol, T. M. (1998). Introduction to analytic number theory. Narosa publishing house.
Narayanan, S., & Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. (2012). Algebra (Vol. I). S.Viswanathan
(Printers and Publishers).
Niven, I., & Zuckerman, H.S. (2015). An introduction to the theory of numbers. Wiley
eastern.
Outcomes Students will be able to
 Recall the basic concepts of divisibility.
 Demonstrate renowned theorems in solving congruence.
 Discuss on quadratic congruence equations.
 Analyze various arithmetical functions.
 Identify the numbers of special form and apply divisibility rules in solving
Diophantine equations.