IoT based System

UEC715

9/10/2024 IoT based System (UEC715) 1

 Subject : IoT-based Systems
Code : UEC715

Unit : #1 [Introduction to IoT]

Lecture : #4 [Sensor to Cloud Integration]

Topics covered:
 DHT11 Sensor
 ThingSpeak

Dr. Amit Mishra

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Application Programming Interface (API)

API stands for Application Programming

Interface and it is the link between our software
application and the website. If we want data from
website to use in our application then we need the
API.

Example: Lets assume that the website is a restaurant and our program/application is
customer and the food is data. So to get the food, customer needs to give the dish name to the
waiter from the menu card, along with that the waiter also notes the table number and gives that
information to the kitchen staff.

In similar way our program also requests data from website by posting the information like API
key, topic parameter in the form of Uniform Resource Locator (URL). This URL is API. If the
API key matches the API key given to us by the website then the response is given by the website
and the program gets the data.
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ThingSpeak
ThingSpeak is a IoT cloud platform service that allows us to visualize live data streams in the
cloud. We can send data to ThingSpeak from our devices and create instant visualization of live
data.

NOTE: In our project we are just posting the temperature data to Thingspeak server and not
requesting any data. So first lets see how to get API from Thingspeak , publish data using API and
then make the hardware connections.
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Components required

• ESP-32 dev board

• DHT-11 temperature and humidity sensor
• Jumper wire (M to M) – 3pcs
• USB micro cable

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Getting API from Thingspeak and testing it
First we need to create an account on Thingspeak. Follow the below given steps-
Open the Thingspeak website then click on “sign in” in top right corner.

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2. Click on “create one”.

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3. Fill all the credentials and click on “continue”. Then you will get a verification link on your
registered email ID . Click on that link. Set your password and your account will be created. Then
you just login to Thingspeak.

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4. After you logged in you will see this page. Click on “new channel”

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5. Give your channel a name, description, and Field1 name.
• As we are using only one field for temperature.

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6. New channel is now created. You will also see a blank chart displayed in private view. Click on
API keys.

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7. Under API requests copy this URL. Through this URL we publish data to the channel field

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8. Paste this URL in the address bar and assign the field parameter, any number or you can keep
it zero. Then hit “enter”

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9. Now open your channel , go to private view and view your chart. The field value will be updated
to the chart and you will see a red horizontal line corresponding to your value.

• If the value is not updated, try reloading the page.

• This indicates that the API is working and can be used in our program. Now that we have tested
the API, lets make the hardware connections for the project.

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Circuit diagram
Make the connections as per below given circuit
diagram.

The DHT11 temperature sensor has 3 pins, ground,

vcc and data. It sends calibrated temperature output
in degree Celsius on the data line.
The data pin is connected on GPIO 5 of ESP-
32. It’s temperature range is from 0 to 50 degree
Celsius. It’s operating voltage is 3V to 5V. So we
can directly give it 3.3V from ESP-32 and get the
room temperature readings.

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Once the connections are done. Connect the ESP-32 to COM port through USB cable and open the
Arduino IDE.

Install the DHT-11 library

Open library manager and search for “DHT11” and install the “DHT sensor library by Adafruit”

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The DHT-11 sensor will now work with our program as it’s library is installed.
Go to tools and select the board “ESP32 Dev Module” and select the proper com port
according to the device manager.

Now we are done with all setup. Before uploading the code, modify it according to your
WiFi ssid and password. Also assign your “write API key” to the apiKey parameter
which you will get from your Thingspeak channel under API keys.

Upload the given code. Open the serial monitor to see the status. Set baud rate to
"115200". As soon as it will connect to WiFi, It will start publishing room temperature
after interval of 10 seconds. You can change this interval by changing the delay in the
“void loop()”.

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Code:
// Library declaration
// Variables to store sensor readings
#include <WiFi.h>
#include "ThingSpeak.h" float temperature;
#include <DHT.h> float temperaturef;
float humidity;
// Wi-Fi Credentials
#define DHTPIN 15
const char* ssid = "TU";
const char* password = " tu@inet1"; DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT11);

WiFiClient client; // Testing Sensor reading

// ThingSpeak Credentials
void initDHT(){
unsigned long Channel_ID = 2637682; if (isnan(temperature) || isnan(humidity)) {
const char * API_Key = "L4PMUSMH1ZJQ1D00 "; Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
while (1);
}
// Delay }

unsigned long last_time = 0;

unsigned long Delay = 1000;

SSID: Service Set Identifier

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Continued…
// Setup serial monitor mode and Thingspeak
// Obtaining a new sensor reading for all fields
void setup() {
temperature = dht.readTemperature();
Serial.begin(115200); Serial.print("Temperature (ºC): ");
dht.begin();
Serial.println(temperature);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); humidity = dht.readHumidity();
ThingSpeak.begin(client);
Serial.print("Humidity (%): ");
} Serial.println(humidity);

void loop() { ThingSpeak.setField(1, temperature);

ThingSpeak.setField(2,humidity );
if ((millis() - last_time) > Delay) {
int Data = ThingSpeak.writeFields(Channel_ID, API_Key);

// Connect or reconnect to WiFi if(Data == 200){

Serial.println("Channel updated successfully!");
if(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){ }
Serial.print("Connecting..."); else{
while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){ Serial.println("Problem updating channel. HTTP error code " +
WiFi.begin(ssid, password); String(Data));
delay(5000); }
} last_time = millis();
Serial.println("\nConnected."); }
}
}
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Sensor data visualization on
Thingspeak

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