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EXP-10 Operator overloading

Operator overloading in C++ allows the definition of custom behaviors for operators when used with user-defined types like classes and structures. Certain operators, such as scope resolution and member selection, cannot be overloaded. The document provides examples demonstrating how to overload the + operator and the NOT (!) operator for a Complex class and a NotOp class, respectively.

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8 views

EXP-10 Operator overloading

Operator overloading in C++ allows the definition of custom behaviors for operators when used with user-defined types like classes and structures. Certain operators, such as scope resolution and member selection, cannot be overloaded. The document provides examples demonstrating how to overload the + operator and the NOT (!) operator for a Complex class and a NotOp class, respectively.

Uploaded by

shiv.prasad2049
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10.

Operator overloading in c++


 In C++, we can define how operators behave for user-defined types like class and structures. For
example,
 The + operator, when used with values of type int, returns their sum. However, when used with
objects of a user-defined type, it is an error.
 In this case, we can define the behavior of the + operator to work with objects as well.
 This concept of defining operators to work with objects and structure variables is known
as operator overloading.

 We cannot overload following operators in C++:


:: (scope resolution)
. (member selection)
.* (member selection through pointer to function)
?: (ternary operator)
sizeof operator
typeid Operator

Example-1// C++ Program to Demonstrate Operator Overloading


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
int real, imag;

public:
Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
{
real = r;
imag = i;
}

// This is automatically called when '+' is used with


// between two Complex objects
Complex operator+(Complex const& obj)
{
Complex res;
res.real = real + obj.real;
res.imag = imag + obj.imag;
return res;
}
void print() { cout << real << " + i" << imag << '\n'; }
};

int main()
{
Complex c1(10, 5), c2(2, 4);
Complex c3 = c1 + c2;
c3.print();
}

Output
12 + i9

Example 2:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
private:
int real, imag;

public:
Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
{
real = r;
imag = i;
}
void print() { cout << real << " + i" << imag << endl; }
// The global operator function is made friend of this
// class so that it can access private members
friend Complex operator+(Complex const& c1,
Complex const& c2);
};
Complex operator+(Complex const& c1, Complex const& c2)
{
return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
}
int main()
{
Complex c1(10, 5), c2(2, 4);
Complex c3
= c1
+ c2; // An example call to &quot;operator+&quot;
c3.print();
return 0;
}

Output
12 + i9

Example 3: Operator overloading


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class NotOp {
private:
int a;
bool b;

public:
NotOp() : a(0), b(true) {}

void in() {
cout << "Enter the first number : ";
cin >> a;
cout<< "Enter true or false : ";
cin >> b;
}

// Overloading the NOT (!) operator


void operator ! () {
a= !a;
b= !b;
}

void out() {
cout<<"Output: "<<endl<< a<<endl<<b;
}
};

int main() {
NotOp obj;
!obj;
obj.out();

return 0;
}

Output
1
0

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