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The document provides a summary of current affairs and important topics relevant for UPSC exams as of April 23, 2024. It highlights the 50th anniversary of the Chipko Movement, emphasizing its impact on environmental awareness and women's empowerment, and discusses various other current issues including the Ross Ice Shelf, the National Human Rights Commission of India, and Australia's defense strategy with India. Additionally, it mentions the establishment of a unique identification system for organ transplants to prevent illegal dealings.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views29 pages

Apr 23

The document provides a summary of current affairs and important topics relevant for UPSC exams as of April 23, 2024. It highlights the 50th anniversary of the Chipko Movement, emphasizing its impact on environmental awareness and women's empowerment, and discusses various other current issues including the Ross Ice Shelf, the National Human Rights Commission of India, and Australia's defense strategy with India. Additionally, it mentions the establishment of a unique identification system for organ transplants to prevent illegal dealings.

Uploaded by

punitpk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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us @ 08069405205 (tel:08069405205) 

(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
Posted on April 23, 2024 (https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/23/mission-2024-
insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-23-april-2024/) by Insights Editor
(https://www.insightsonindia.com/author/insightseditor/)

//www.facebook.com/insightsonindia)
[Mission 2024] INSIGHTS DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS +
PIB SUMMARY 23 April 2024

InstaLinks : Insta Links help you think beyond the issue but
relevant to the issue from UPSC prelims and Mains exam point
of view. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you
//t.me/insightsIAStips)
ps://twitter.com/Insights_ias?
frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an
KnDg7U3Xu4upDNvcw&s=08)
examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks
also connect every issue to their static or theoretical
background. This helps you study a topic holistically and add
new dimensions to every current event to help you think
analytically.

//www.instagram.com/insights_ias_/)
Table of Contents:

GS Paper 1:

1. 50 Years of Chipko Movement

//youtube.com/channel/UCpoccbCX9GEIwaiIe4HLjwA)
Facts for Prelims (FFP)

1. Ross Ice Shelf

2. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India

3. Summit of the Future 2024


//youtube.com/channel/UCAQsSHHz0dorMP4MMj7YNjA)
4. Top-tier security partner

5. National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation


(NOTTO)-ID
6. Genomic accordion

(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
7. Ethylene oxide in Indian Spices

8. ‘Pink’ hydrogen

9. Llama 3

10. Andaman and Nicobar to establish wildlife sanctuaries

Mapping

Easter Island

50 Years of Chipko Movement


GS Paper 1
Syllabus: Women/Environment Movement in Indian Society

Source: DTE

Context: The Chipko movement, which originated in the 1970s in the


Himalayan villages of Reni and Mandal, marked its 50th anniversary
recently.

What was the Chipko movement?

The Chipko movement was a non-violent protest that began in the


Chamoli district of Uttarakhand (then Uttar Pradesh), India, in 1973.
Led by environmental activists such as Sundarlal Bahuguna and
Gaura Devi, among others, the movement aimed to prevent the
felling of trees in the Himalayan region. The name “Chipko” comes
from the Hindi word meaning “embrace,” as villagers hugged the
trees to prevent their cutting.
The original Chipko movement dates back to 1730 when Amrita Devi
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
Bishnoi and over 300 others from the Bishnoi sect sacrificed their
lives protesting the felling of Khejarli trees in Rajasthan.)

Impact of Chipko Movement:

Impact Description

Environmental
Awareness Raised awareness about deforestation and the importance
and of conserving forests.
Conservation

Eco-feminism is a philosophical and political movement


exploring the links between ecological issues and
women’s experiences.

It recognizes the importance of traditional knowledge,


Push to Eco-
often held and transmitted by women, in promoting
Feminism
sustainable practices.

The Chipko movement exemplifies the collective


involvement of women in forest conservation, reflecting
the principles of Eco-feminism

Local Empowered local communities, particularly women, in


Empowerment protecting natural resources.

Policy Contributed to the formulation of policies for forest


Changes conservation and sustainable resource management.

Inspiration for
Inspired similar movements globally, emphasizing
Similar
nonviolent direct action and community involvement.
Movements

Global
Became a symbol of the global environmental movement,
Environmental
highlighting grassroots activism.
Movement

Recognition
Challenged traditional gender roles, recognizing women’s
of Women’s
crucial role in conservation.
Role

Economic and
Helped preserve traditional livelihoods and cultural
Cultural
practices linked to the environment.
Impact
Education and Spurred interest in environmental science and sustainable
Research development research.
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
Forest
Protection Protected forests from destruction, aiding in regeneration
and and ecological benefits.
Regeneration

Other such movements include:

Movement Year Place Leaders Aim

Silent Valley, Kerala Sastra Protection of


Save Silent
Palakkad Sahitya Parishad Silent Valley from
Valley 1978
district, (KSSP), a hydroelectric
Movement
Kerala Sughathakumari project

Jungle Singhbhum Against replacin


Tribals of
Bachao 1982 district, natural sal forest
Singhbhum
Andholan Bihar with Teak

Uttara Opposition to
Kannada felling and
Appiko and Pandurang Hegde commercializatio
1983
movement Shimoga (facilitator) of natural forests
districts, and ancient
Karnataka livelihood

Narmada Medha Patker,


The movement
Narmada River, Baba Amte,
against the
Bachao Gujarat, Adivasis, farmers,
1985 construction of
Andolan Madhya environmentalists,
large dams on th
(NBA) Pradesh, human rights
Narmada River
Maharashtra activists

Protest against
displacement of
Bhagirathi town inhabitants
Tehri Dam Sundarlal
1990s River, Tehri, and
Conflict Bahuguna
Uttarakhand environmental
consequences o
weak ecosystem

Adil Hussain,
Opposition to
Save Randeep Hooda,
opencast mining
Dehing- 2020 Assam Joi Barua, Jadav
in Dehing-Patkai
Patkai Payeng, members
Wildlife Sanctua
of AASU, AAMYU
Response to cyclone Amphan, aiming to
Save the protect the Sundarbans from further
2020 West Bengal
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
Sundarbans environmental degradation and provide
support to affected communities

Need of ‘New Chipko Movement’ at the time of environmental crisis.

“We will endure sticks and bullets but save our trees” – these
were the kind of slogans and spirit with which we had
conducted the chipko movement in the 1970s and 1980s. A
similar spirit needs to be displayed and all sections of society
have to unite to prevent further degradation of the
environment.

People should rise and demand from the government their


right to live. Apart from saving trees, this time there is a need to
fight for clean air, and pure water too.

There is a need to have a separate environmental vision


(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
document by the government, especially for Urban India. Given
the recent events, political parties should expect the
environment to become a focal campaign point, at least in
cities.

There is also a need for an environmental roadmap from the


administration and the executive.

It is important to study the steps taken by other countries. For


instance, SO2 pollution declined by 75% in China over the last
decade while in India it increased by 50%. In China, the SO2
controls were imposed on coal power plants while in the case
of India, the measures are delayed until 2022 in some cases.

Conclusion

The Chipko Movement in the 1970s proved as a tipping point for


environmental causes not just in India but the rest of the world as
well. There is a need for a “Chipko 2.0”, this time led by the
coordination of society and political class.

About Sunderlal Bahuguna (1927-2021):

He spearheaded the Chipko movement in the 1970s to protect


trees in the Himalayas, popularizing the slogan “ecology is
permanent economy.” He advocated for the integration of
ecology and economy, emphasizing their interconnectedness.
Bahuguna protested against the Tehri Dam project, undertaking
a 56-day fast. He also led a 4,800 km padayatra from Kashmir to
Kohima to raise awareness about Himalayan issues. Bahuguna
supported women-led movements against the liquor mafia and
championed the Beej Bachao Andolan to preserve Himalayan
biodiversity. He received the Padma Vibhushan in 2009 for his
environmental activism.
Mains Links:
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)

‘Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women


of lower social strata.’ Substantiate your view. (UPSC 2018)
April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , chipko movement , Environmental Movement ,

Today's Article , Women’ Movement

Ross Ice Shelf


Facts for Prelims (FFP)

Source: NDTV

Context: Researchers have discovered that the massive Ross Ice Shelf
makes sudden jumps twice a day.

These sudden shifts, akin to tremors along earthquake faults,


could weaken the Ross Ice Shelf over time, potentially
accelerating ice melt rates and contributing to sea level rise.

A sudden jump occurs when two sections of ice press against


each other (rubbing creates tension), just as tectonic plates
on Earth cause earthquakes.

The research team emphasises that icequakes and fractures


are natural occurrences on ice shelves.
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)

April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , geography , GS1 , Mapping , Ross Ice Shelf ,

Today's Article

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)


of India
Facts for Prelims (FFP)

Source: NHRC

Context: During the recent Statutory Full Commission meeting


organized by the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of
India, chaired by Justice Shri Arun Mishra, the emphasis was placed
on the need for collaborative strategies among all seven National
Commissions to ensure the protection of human rights, particularly
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
for vulnerable and marginalized sections of society.

Aspect Details

Established in 1993 as a statutory body under the Protection


of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993, as amended by the
Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2006. Its
Establishment
establishment aligns with the Paris Principle, which sets out
the international minimum standards for national human
rights institutions.

Consists of a Chairperson, five full-time Members, and seven


deemed Members. Deemed Members include Chairpersons
of other key National Commissions such as the National
Commission for Scheduled Castes, etc.
Composition
The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019,
provided that a Judge of the Supreme Court can be
appointed as Chairperson in addition to the person who
has been the Chief Justice of India.

The tenure for both the Chairperson and Members is three


Tenure
years or until the age of seventy years.

Has all the powers of a civil court while trying a suit under
the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Can inquire into any
Powers and violation of human rights or negligence in the prevention of
Functions such violation by a public servant, either suo motu or on a
petition. Can intervene in proceedings regarding allegations
of human rights violations pending before a court.

Guidelines to check the misuse of the power of arrest by the


Key Initiatives
police. Elimination of manual scavenging.

The Global Alliance for National Human Rights Institutions


(GANHRI) deferred its re-accreditation mainly due to
political interference in appointments, involving the police
Challenges
in probes into human rights violations, etc. Without
accreditation, NHRC will be unable to represent India at the
UN Human Rights Council

April 23, 2024 /


23 April 2024 , National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) , Today's Article
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)

Summit of the Future 2024


Facts for Prelims (FFP)

Source: HT

Context: UN Secretary-General Guterres highlights Multilateral


Development Banks (MDB) reform as a key theme at the upcoming
Summit of the Future during UNGA, praising the Indian G20
presidency’s efforts.

About the Summit:The Summit of the Future 2024 is a flagship event


organized during the annual high-level UN General Assembly
meeting in September. It focuses on key global issues, with a
particular emphasis on reforming multilateral development banks
(MDBs) to address contemporary challenges like poverty and
climate crisis.

Originating from the Our Common Agenda report, it emphasizes


renewing trust and solidarity across nations and generations.
Member States aim to create a Pact for the Future, reaffirming the UN
Charter, reinvigorating multilateralism, and agreeing on solutions to
current and future challenges.

What are MDBs?

MDBs are international financial institutions (e.g., World Bank Group


and the Asian Development Bank) aiding developing countries with
financial and technical assistance to foster economic development
and reduce poverty.
Recommendations by the independent expert group on MDB’s
Reform (during India’s G20 presidency) include tripling annual
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
lending levels by 2030, adopting a triple mandate for MDBs to
eliminate extreme poverty, and modernizing funding models.

April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) ,

Summit of the Future 2024 , Today's Article

Top-tier security partner


Facts for Prelims (FFP)

Source: TH

Context: Australia’s new National Defence Strategy (NDS) highlights


India as a top-tier security partner, emphasizing the importance of its
Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in contributing to stability in
the Indo-Pacific region.

The strategy aims to deepen defence cooperation with India


through practical initiatives and information sharing.

Australia plans to allocate $330 billion to its Integrated


Investment Programme (IIP) over the next decade, indicating a
commitment to enhancing defence capabilities.

This investment is expected to raise defence spending to


around 2.4% of Gross Domestic Product by 2033-34.

India and Australia are also finalizing agreements for cooperation in


hydrography and air-to-air refuelling, further enhancing their strategic
partnership.
April 23, 2024 /
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)

23 April 2024 , GS2 , India-Australia relations , International Relations ,

Today's Article , Top-tier security partner

National Organ and Tissue Transplant


Organisation (NOTTO)-ID
Facts for Prelims (FFP)

Source: TH

Context: The Union Health Ministry has mandated that all cases of
organ transplants, whether from living or deceased donors, must be
assigned a unique National Organ and Tissue Transplant
Organisation (NOTTO)-ID for both the donor and the recipient.

This directive aims to curb commercial dealings in organs,


particularly those involving foreign citizens.

Hospitals are required to generate the NOTTO-ID from the


NOTTO website.

NOTTO is a national-level organization under MOHFW which


undertakes activities of coordination and networking for the
procurement and distribution of Organs and Tissues.

April 23, 2024 /


23 April 2024 , GS3 , health ,

(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO)-ID , SCIENCE ,

Today's Article

Genomic accordion
Facts for Prelims (FFP)

Source: TH

Context: Mpox, a DNA virus, exhibits a unique evolutionary strategy


known as the genomic accordion, involving expansions and
contractions of its genome.

Researchers identified 4-kilobase sections of the genome,


previously deemed unimportant, as critical for human-to-
human transmissibility and evolutionary adaptability.

Variations in certain genes influence the virus’s evolution, with


different clades exhibiting varying levels of virulence.

Genomic surveillance plays a crucial role in understanding


and combating viral outbreaks, allowing for targeted
interventions to mitigate health risks and prevent global
spread.

April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , Genomic accordion , GS3 , SCIENCE , Today's Article


Ethylene oxide in Indian Spices
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)

Source: NDTV

Context: Following red flags raised by food regulators in Hong Kong


and Singapore regarding the presence of a cancer-causing ingredient
in certain Indian spice products from some brands, the Indian
government has ordered food commissioners to collect samples of
spices from all manufacturing units in the country.

The harmful substance, ethylene oxide, has been classified as


a ‘Group 1 carcinogen’ by the International Agency for
Research on Cancer.

Ethylene oxide is banned for use in food items in India.

Ethylene oxide, primarily used as a sterilizing agent and


insecticide, poses health risks including irritation of the eyes,
skin, nose, throat, and lungs, as well as potential long-term effects
on the central nervous system and carcinogenic properties.

April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , Ethylene oxide in Indian Spices , GS3 , SCIENCE ,

Today's Article

‘Pink’ hydrogen
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: Business Line

(https://www.insightsonindia.com)

Context: India is considering amending the Atomic Energy Act, 1962,


to allow private investments in the nuclear sector, aiming to boost
nuclear capacity and promote clean energy initiatives, particularly
hydrogen.

Currently, the Act restricts private ownership of nuclear plants,


but proposed amendments would enable private companies to
participate in certain activities, such as financing, project
development, and equipment supply.

The production of ‘pink’ hydrogen, which is generated through


electrolysis powered by nuclear energy.

Types of Hydrogen based on colour codes:

April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , GS3 , Pink Hydrogen , SCIENCE , Today's Article

Llama 3
Facts for Prelims (FFP)

Source: IE
Context: Meta has unveiled its most advanced Large Language
Model (LLM) yet, the Meta Llama 3, which boasts significant
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
improvements in performance and capabilities over its predecessors.

Available in two sizes, 8B and 70B parameters, Llama 3 is


integrated into Meta’s proprietary virtual assistant, Meta AI.

The model surpasses previous benchmarks, outperforming


competitors like Google’s Gemma 7B and Mistral’s Mistral 7B
in various evaluations, including language understanding and
question-answering tasks.

Meta emphasizes the responsible development of Llama 3,


providing trust and safety tools like Llama Guard 2 and Code
Shield.

Llama 3 is integrated into Meta AI and accessible for


developers through platforms like Hugging Face and cloud
providers such as Azure ML and Vertex AI.

Large language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence (AI)


programs that use deep learning to process large amounts of
text data. LLMs can perform a variety of tasks, including:

Translation, Summarization, Object recognition, Content


generation, Classification, and Predicting.

April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , GS3 , Large Language Model , Llama 3 , SCIENCE ,

Today's Article

Easter Island
Mapping
Source: IE

Context: Scientists recently discovered 160 species, with at least 50


(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
potentially new to science, during an expedition across the Salas y
Gómez Ridge to Easter Island. The findings include various marine
life like squid, fish, corals, molluscs, and sea stars.

The ridge, home to over 110 seamounts, supports diverse ecosystems


and is crucial for marine animal migration.

About Salas y Gómez:

It is an underwater mountain chain in the southeastern Pacific


Ocean, oriented west-east from the East Pacific Rise to the Nazca
Ridge. Isolated by geographic features like the Atacama Trench
and the Humboldt Current System, its waters are mostly in areas
beyond national jurisdiction.

About Easter Island

It is a Chilean territory in the southeastern Pacific Ocean.


Famous for its monumental statues called moai, it became a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. Chile annexed the island in
1888, granting citizenship to the Rapa Nui in 1966. It is one of the
world’s most remote inhabited islands, with the nearest land
over 2,000 kilometres away.
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)

April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , Easter Island , Salas y Gómez , Today's Article

Andaman and Nicobar to establish wildlife


sanctuaries
Facts for Prelims (FFP)

Source: TH

Context: The Andaman and Nicobar administration’s plan to


establish wildlife sanctuaries on islands traditionally managed and
inhabited by the indigenous southern Nicobarese people ignores
their rights and disregards the ecological and social impacts.

Proposed
Description
Sanctuary
Coral
Sanctuary
The government plans to establish a coral sanctuary
(https://www.insightsonindia.com)
on Meroë
Island

Megapode
Sanctuary The proposed sanctuary aims to protect endemic Megapode
on Menchal birds
Island

Leatherback
Turtle
The administration seeks to create a sanctuary for
Sanctuary
leatherback turtles without consulting indigenous
on Little
Nicobarese people, who traditionally use the island.
Nicobar
Island

The Andaman Islands consist of 572 islands, with key ones including
North Andaman, South Andaman, Little Andaman, and Middle
Andaman. It boasts the highest number of wildlife sanctuaries in
India, totalling 96, along with 9 national parks.

National
Location Features Major Fauna
Park/Sanctuary

Part of Great
Nicobar Biosphere Giant robber
Reserve – Separated crab,
Campbell Bay
Great by a 12-km wide megapode,
& Galathea
Nicobar forest buffer zone. Nicobar
National Parks
Galathea National pigeon, turtle
Park is India’s species
southernmost

Protects mangroves,
Mahatma Mangroves,
South corals, and nesting
Gandhi Marine corals, nesting
Andaman sea turtles. Mostly
National Park sea turtles
fringing reefs

The third-highest Andaman


Mount Harriett
peak in the A&N wild pigs,
National Park
South archipelago. saltwater
(Mount
Andaman Renamed to honour crocodiles,
Manipur
Manipur’s freedom turtles, robber
National Park)
fighters crabs
Spotted deer,
water lizards,
(https://www.insightsonindia.com) Located near Button monitor
Ritchie’s
Rani Jhansi Islands.Vegetation lizards, fruit-
Archipelago,
Marine includes mangroves eating bats,
South
National Park and evergreen dugongs,
Andaman
forests dolphins, sea
turtles, blue
whales, corals

Andaman
wild pig,
Andaman
The highest point of
Andaman imperial
Saddle Peak the A&N Islands.
and Nicobar pigeon,
National Park Features varied
Islands dolphins,
fauna and flora
whales,
saltwater
crocodile

Other National North Button Island NP, Middle Button Island NP, South
Park Button Island NP

April 23, 2024 /

23 April 2024 , Andaman and Nicobar. , Today's Article

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