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Tutorial 3

This document is a tutorial for EE542L focusing on the physics and modeling of semiconductor devices. It includes problems related to quantum mechanics, such as calculating expectation values of momentum, verifying orthogonality of wave functions, and analyzing particles in potential wells and barriers. The tutorial also covers normalization of wave functions and the application of Schrödinger's equation in different regions of potential energy.

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akhila
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3 views

Tutorial 3

This document is a tutorial for EE542L focusing on the physics and modeling of semiconductor devices. It includes problems related to quantum mechanics, such as calculating expectation values of momentum, verifying orthogonality of wave functions, and analyzing particles in potential wells and barriers. The tutorial also covers normalization of wave functions and the application of Schrödinger's equation in different regions of potential energy.

Uploaded by

akhila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE542L: Physics and Modeling of Semiconductor Devices

Tutorial 3

1) For a particle in a 1D box having width 𝑎, confirm that the expectation value of momentum 〈𝑝𝑥 〉 is
0. Also verify that the normalization factor is √2⁄𝑎.

2 𝑛𝜋𝑥 2 𝑚𝜋𝑥 𝑎
2) For a particle in a 1D box, if 𝜓𝑛 = √𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑎
) and 𝜓𝑚 = √𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑎
), verify that ∫0 𝜓𝑚 𝜓𝑛 𝑑𝑥 =
𝛿𝑚𝑛 , where 𝛿𝑚𝑛 = 1 if 𝑚 = 𝑛 otherwise 𝛿𝑚𝑛 = 0. Note that 𝑚 and 𝑛 in the above expressions are
some integers.

3) A particle of mass m which moves freely inside an infinite well of length 𝑎 has the following wave
function at time t=0
𝐴 𝜋𝑥 3 3𝜋𝑥 1 5𝜋𝑥
𝜓(𝑥, 0) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) + √ 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) + √ 𝑠𝑖𝑛( )
√𝑎 𝑎 5𝑎 𝑎 5𝑎 𝑎
a) Find A so that the wavefunction 𝜓(𝑥, 0) can be normalized.
b) If measurements are carried out for energy, what values you will measure? What will be the
corresponding probabilities?
c) What will be the wavefunction at any later time t?

4) Consider an electron inside 1D infinite potential well of width a. If the electron


is in the ground state. What will be its de-Broglie wavelength?

5) A particle of mass m and energy 𝐸, where 0 < 𝐸 < 𝑈0 is placed in a 1D potential well as sketched
below. Write down the simplified form of Schrodinger’s equation appropriate for the various spatial
regions. Indicate the general solutions, list the boundary conditions and perform necessary
manipulations to obtain the equation which must be solved to find out the energy levels of the
particle. Rewrite the equation in terms of 𝜉 = 𝐸/𝑈0 and 𝛼0 = √2𝑚𝑈0 /ℏ2 , plot its two sides for the
cases when 𝛼0 𝑎 = 𝜋/4 and 𝛼0 𝑎 = 𝜋 and explain how many solutions you will get.
6) Consider an electron incident on a potential barrier as shown below

Assume the wavefunctions to be described by the equations mentioned below.

• Region 1, x < 0

ℏ2 𝑑2
[− ] 𝜓 (𝑥) = 𝐸𝜓1 (𝑥)
2𝑚 𝑑𝑥 2 1
𝜓1 (𝑥) = 𝐴𝑒 𝑖𝑘1 𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 −𝑖𝑘1 𝑥
2𝑚𝐸
with 𝑘12 = 2
ℏ
• Region 2, 0 < x < a

ℏ2 𝑑2
[− + 𝑉0 ] 𝜓2 (𝑥) = 𝐸𝜓2 (𝑥)
2𝑚 𝑑𝑥 2
𝜓2 (𝑥) = 𝐶𝑒 𝑖𝑘2 𝑥 + 𝐷𝑒 −𝑖𝑘2 𝑥
2𝑚(𝐸 − 𝑉0 )
with 𝑘22 =
ℏ2
• Region 3, x > a

ℏ2 𝑑2
[− ] 𝜓 (𝑥) = 𝐸𝜓3 (𝑥)
2𝑚 𝑑𝑥 2 3
𝜓3 (𝑥) = 𝐹𝑒 𝑖𝑘3 𝑥 + 𝐺𝑒 −𝑖𝑘3 𝑥
2𝑚𝐸
with 𝑘32 = 2 = 𝑘12
ℏ

Assuming G=0, show that

𝐵 (𝑘12 − 𝑘22 )(1 − 𝑒 𝑖2𝑎𝑘2 )


=
𝐴 (𝑘1 + 𝑘2 )2 − (𝑘1 − 𝑘2 )2 𝑒 𝑖2𝑎𝑘2
𝐹 4𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑒 𝑖(𝑘2 −𝑘1 )𝑎
=
𝐴 (𝑘1 + 𝑘2 )2 − (𝑘1 − 𝑘2 )2 𝑒 𝑖2𝑎𝑘2

𝐹2 4𝐸(𝐸 − 𝑉0 )
𝑇=| | = 2
𝐴 𝑉0 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑘2 𝑎 + 4𝐸(𝐸 − 𝑉0 )

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