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Class Lecture Jahangir Sir 2016

The document discusses fundamental concepts in electrical engineering, including electric circuits, current sources, voltage, power, and circuit elements. It covers key principles such as Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and the classification of circuit components into passive and active elements. Additionally, it explains methods for analyzing circuits, including nodal analysis and series-parallel resistance calculations.

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38 views112 pages

Class Lecture Jahangir Sir 2016

The document discusses fundamental concepts in electrical engineering, including electric circuits, current sources, voltage, power, and circuit elements. It covers key principles such as Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and the classification of circuit components into passive and active elements. Additionally, it explains methods for analyzing circuits, including nodal analysis and series-parallel resistance calculations.

Uploaded by

asaduzzamanpavel786
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NTs ond others , Voltage s VoHage be potential difference fs the emer gy required -+o move, a unit Chawge through & ehamesl, meosvexd im volts. a Var ® aa, > fvet = { Jjovle/ euloumb | vow = 1 N-m/ covloml = ae. by dekimiton Powers > Power is the hme vate os chomnge of oepenclira. on absorbing energy, measured in wats. = Ow. dq - nnn on ooo reer’ rc: 7 ‘peut Energy 3 bnera fe the capacity to do work Tn qoutes (aye Electric power vility own pares measyTe energit fn wot hoves (wh) [Ein= aecoor | ° peqve 4 absorbin —ve 3 supplicol Passive aign ConverrFions eeu Gurrent enters through the cterminal oF an element: + i Moe a €>}>——_—— Civeuit Element? Anelement * the baele boi ding stot, plock. “Tado+ Passive elements— 9 sisys, capat imeclucibyrs Active elements- Generators, bostteries Operonbion al Aron iSO¥s Most wwnpewtent active element ~ VO ee aii eurre rp SOVITR SIBVVVVVUVES * Resisishre properties help wy ee powey x Sovuy Tie Klan By sourcos — O foleal independent sovree. 2) Ideal Depenclan+ souves.. eg ag De RE Fig t Inde pendent source 2 Fig * Dependent source Dey deo SOuUnTIee ) vevg — Voltoge onto lled voltage sovrees x) cev$ — Corrent comtrolled voltage source ¢ ‘ 3) VCCS— VoHage eortholled aurrent Sovvree 4) cecg — Cunant eombolled eurrand SovTee wooeae reese eKere Switeb+ "Switch Schematic Eb nggrcrm * oe) + Definition - Ideal Suiteh — no vo |rage. avop 4 SPST — Single pole single throw ; pole. —< » SPDT ¢ throw tong te Pole double throw 2 ao oOo 0 gs Do Chap oa, 09/0/2014 Wednesday, a ao 2 behavioy af merad howe. a choractoy- electric ah ae reateting the Slow oS ihe Orgs: This Page liad property. me to estet eurvest fs Known we yresistanee omd fs wepweserted boyy the Samvel R, CP =restetvi dhm-meten << j——~ a < = Cwrerteri ol rome : A Resistivity Basts Classifoadkan 2 ry Conductor ~ resistvi lowr 2) Sent Cemducion: —owaragrs resisHvity 3) Insulaton — high resichvity Corductor> Ry = Ra Cit Atd )o Imerrases cath temp. Semi comclsrctox—e Re = Ro lt— Ata) > Aeereas Gtetemert | Ohms law etedes that the voltage ws across a vesistmr fs clirveett hy ae a to the euvrent CP) Slowieng through the resistor: =a | Votage-across | Vo ¢ _ through ‘ yo SM der Pott [ve cR| Pave = (R = ve ye An Clement with R=0 fe colle a showt echt. VeiR iemples— R=0 o v Power = Short cts Gan be amy thin , wet ob, betause We canst multiply 6 corn oO V=0 Open CKtS An element with R= *s collet o open ekt. VelfRe imples— —_ Ru oO [excessive] a . t=0 Vi= com be emy thing Cet Symbols Pixed resistance 9 wr Verlable wmsietamce2 o—4#—» 1 Jnolimg|- Cus rent Yessedomee {Ex=| 4A 45 2 b . wmore thon Ths auvvant Ps wat 50Se2. Conductance: See text a eee eee Pee UE UELLEMARR RTA Raga dae?! EPI NETT.._| Netwosk Tépol ogy 12/07/9044 © Sodureied ® Nodes, Branches & Loops — bec-04 Poor Se ge elerner A. bxromch represents a single such as a vo Hage SOUveER OP A Source or a rvesiotor ov ate: Node» A mode fe vbelwveen ewrrent Oo poferh os connechon ta0 om emoxe romches: ooo gee lov a \ LA EE = ZA A loop ts omy closed poth im Oo ere . KiechhoSfS Current Law (kel)3 Kel states that -lhe olgeb aie. sum s currents mg emt ering. a mode Cora closed pot: bov ory fa zZevo- Basis- Law 6 eomservetion BE change: RAKRKRKRKRKARKL HSH DS DDO Alter nah'y im a mode, S exrvent entering, = Zo evrent leawirg « e- Kiechhof $5 VoHage Law (KVL): KVL states thot +he algebraic sum of all ve ages erround a closed goth Goop) ta zero: ; Basis — Law of eonsernvaton of energy M Vin =O i Abematively/ 2 Vollage y\4e = s Ve ltage drop. RUVUUVAUUTTTTALUeS 042° -38T a0 => {2020 sb. [= -204 ™ 2B) = 2(-20)2-40 Ye e220) 2 60) Applying KVL. axe umd Loop ab ea nu i+ Ge ij) 20 =° sf =20 > [eal vi = +@x4) = BV ‘Vas —(axu) =-12.V o——_ “TEP PP Deve oD dE YYVEUULELEELLLESEEEEEELELE TTT Sunda: Peobleens@) Lec -o5 ry — tf es al C= 44 rv © Vo. v= BV ~|+ Na = 12 Problem s@ ai Sn Cr | : ~ Dba in She a Ve =—6f +Vo- Applying KVL around loop abcdea > 12+4i+2No -44+67 =o Se 12+ 47-121 4e6i = 0 => -2f = <8 16 => Tr4aA—-SA =@Gej 2 -e4cs\-6(-8) =4@ volts ov sy RARRAA nam mea SHDHDHODOKHKKKKRKKRKHRRRA - >to rere eer wer ewes : p pelying vel, at cle LE Ga RE ey a&, ‘ , fo y MO ww € 6 = fo they Ai wet gh te . . le Pee at ge FON whee B / at ob ‘ 5 —=>— fo Crt sete) & . y thoy Detted Leop 7 KVL» HW +81 —2io 20 Vat are = fiz tie rde |) 44 eq M4 Problem @ j ¢ Vint wy ty nn “ “yf @amal poyvers I J? ww cltesipebedl / ares oo | poockuceel by 2A 4) “a | | ‘Ihe “EM courees te i J \ my ee hp | Allee Cian ven Wh Cb yl FN 1 a te a 7 Ty, 8 o- “| Applying KU at node ©, i+eet a teda Applyeng KU of node d, 442 + HO die em — ith Power produced by YV cource. = F(-b) = F*6 49 Vi= t= ace EV Vey > e+ 6 g- loop o-F + 628 Liven o =b-Veg -AN ~ ena mnmdnd ane n eS PPLARARLAL - 16/04/2014 Series resistance Z voltage divisions Wednesday : : GPR) Lee= 06 a oO. Re Ro eee \ ua 2? 2 ob Raw L _— b Va ik, Apolying KVL. aromd hoop on boa Foo (Ro te v Ry+ Ro Hemce, Ra. = Reg, =Ri+Ro Vi = tRy = 1 p= OR = yee ™ “Ro” “Vaoo tR 2% RA] Rake > | Rt Ro Powallel sesistonce 2 current Atv fetow 3(cpr) PLAID IAT =k, * vu yt =H=ORy a f% =m Applying KCL ob % \ node oa ? ea ta ee 4 => v Ve e ORR eaf 4-4 A Re Rs = -~ ewww meee RRR RRR URAKRAAPAAGS ES /OB/2ION Re a RrRo ths = 44543 Ln an monovcnooer rer eCOORReeeeeenrersarsresege?! — TTT i © ‘S foarA, ea? Sead Ieee herder P=(ey*Rer] (Rae) | = (Bx % WwW Ss 960W i Wye - Delta “rans Soxmocdion % Risty)sRu-2U) rielde. Q4+Re- RolPat Ro) D ° RatRo+Re & Dela_ Wye Conversion » | = ae Seles « a % : : Fm P@ -* * o * = * « +. Rin CY) = &tRe , Rio (A)= Rol (Rat Rg) m < | bs Ro (Rat Re) : Ra+Rbo+Re ‘ i 4 i . Stoncbowo , i Ria (XY) = R+Ro Ru-3 Ca) = Reli(Ra+ eo) = Re (Rat ep) Sr ri Sica brace Rast RotRe FVEVEVTVTVED DEVE BERL LLD Db bb ie bib Web ele ls bb 'e =——— a_i SS Similarly, Ro-4 CY) = Rot Ro WA CR 4 Re) S Rag CA) = BACRvt Re . aD Rat Pid Re | 2. RotRe. RaACRi Red = Pat Rn a Ren O+O0+O> Rake Poke + RePae 2a Rea a(Ria Rika) = ~ — “ aa RR ar lb < Ss ARR +R, = 2CRARDARDRadRe - Raw Re eRe. = Rit RarRe = Rakha Pure. A -@ = Re TRew Re x Ro = Beka Ra + Ro+Re gq, = Roe Re Reon Roa Ro ; Rat Rist Re Wye — pelta : Gtwen Pi, Ro, Ro Reqtred Ra, Rb, Be 19/08/1U- 25 Sunday lolems Lec- 0% | Rea, = 2-692 t=1246 / = 65 % yo | CaRea = bao%?? pete RO a Bene + Vt 2 tay a > 4h TTT Tee UV Teed TDVDUEEEdEddEbbbhLbS CHET T ER a | I] | | | | tt a a ee I hey, 3 ok : rads | - S@ Too volte: S0UeCes COM bE povallel 5 onl When they OF sare: . »@ Two eurvent sources 6Gri2S when the ore tm the Sarme Avechon oma snag de. | com only b= 16/08/20). Sal curday, Nodal Analysts Method + _tec- 0d & Powpose —-+45 Sind mode vo Hages Basis ~KCL NV 5A Procedure — | — @ Tdewt$-fy Node Define. SR aS a weSererce medeuhich will be oO vo tt. © @ Apply Ket in every ode, Se Assume unknown currents leave the node. Treek Bach node as Makivi dual ests Carment emtew > +ve eurcemt “avimngs4-ve . ® Eqpeotions: £ At Node; _M-Vv vy a 3 +rTs0 mp Mi-Vvo HHTELHHH HHO KRERHKKKKKRKRKK HR RRRARA + =5 > Ss Vir Vo + On, 4 =e ‘ => BY, —Vo2 = 20 © a ‘ Ak Mode, 2 : ‘ Ve -V Vv. ‘ to-§-— “tS -E =O ‘ _ VpeVy Vo 4 > B= 47 +¢ ‘ V9 - OV + No a vol me => 5V2- Oi - _oV2- MI = (2 & “=> BVo—-3%) = 60 ——aD O+O07 Ava = 8° a write the Nodal eq? for tre ckt shoane “4 (S*8) ~v(¢) = +4 Te Ny (e H) -Va (d= =4 Jt yi ve . FO g- > VEV, —OVe, = Eve Va «| 1d = ¥Va— 3Va, =.4@ 37 BVa- F Vo BvVa Vo. 4 4 > BVve-Vo=- =F Va Ve = WR — 4 =418 —@ -2 8 8 ——_a@ Vo = v,- Va, oy @ +@) = - 6Vz,= 56 2014 Wednesday _ bee 10 t i= Mice AU Node 14 Say (Ftd) VG) EE) = “AV Note 2+ HD AL Nedte 9 L vi (h)- Cb) i Vola} +4) - Vo.(4') - v, (a) = - igtea on Mv f-Me Waa > BV — 2V_ — 40, @ o HID —) Me 4 ow - > FV - Av, — Ve =0 Zoi) aa os Mem Mee eae Me _ Ve = MnEy +1) 290 Ma 4 Ve SMI = a g tye ~ a 70 > Wa 4FV, —10Y, = 0 —@ AAAS BV,- 22 -4V_ F12- —Vs 20-G qey qu, + FV -1OV, + FV2-+ YS = O on 2 ®= Boy Na OM IE by = | +43 =O 2 -ON-WS > 4v_ = 6M wy Laid — tung = ® BM = ~ 2M = Py Ve = 2M Oma ee oe = wy BV FUN = BYE EO juz =O — a> -UtNit tt SRSVVVVVVRBE VEE eeTeeu Tew ewww Sy TN) o2Na FVa T 2g. Nodal £ quot born: Ad Node 4 Puc Chay i — vas) | + 4416) ~ve Cb) | = hed 1-7] = Miva 4 FM Mh ab Sto 20 \o 20 aoe =p «lOv, + BVa = -100 = lov, + SCa4y) = -100 > lov; + Lot 5M = -100 => 1oVv, = -110 => 3 QV N - (3 2) 4ve- vy Vo - & —s 6 ES BV2-214 49 3G fu ES ols v a va — WO 4 BWVa et BFE FL BVo+ 3Va = 412 S(Bt+VH) + BVo= ID Dy + BV_ + ONa = (2 WVa = 12. [% = = 1% | ze Pr tl jp BERET U ERE RERATTLELLELRTRPRRARRR DDR Deana anna n FUVVVVVVVR DER dEdERd EdD bbb bb eb webbie, At Node 2+, = =y = es a,,. : Pa(i49) -w —v] sO 4 ee OL +[¥q (2440) - aver} | =[o] +o] Fy 1OVa— Vy — V4 + GM4~2V5% = Vp toVe-tIVat V4 =O Va = 10V => 1oVe — NVa+4+6q 250 | Vo = lo Wea) aM | vy SP OVE =a 4 EXD G ow | Vp —10V_ + 10%4 =9 te | 4 > OVE — Na REN so ft _ 1ovVg = : __ QV2 4+ 4-9 —@ 5 Bva ative = | Node ~ » a os Vn % +2) => 2 BV_ —2%q =~ G =? \Na,- OV2 - 2Na =-6 —OD => WWva3-—5Vv2 - 23 uz 2-6 =r Va =y IVa, tL @+QD => a 70 Lyn -—50 ~~. enae TT TT TT FFF eee TT US TTR OVTRT SSVI VVEVVBs ees se d's 23/038/ 201gh scctunday {Mosh Anal Lec-1L _ Purpose — esfiadiang. mesh loop euprerls J Basis = KVL ; D Loop ident $y 2) Apply KVL * DivecHom— clock | Procecluse — Problem: , a ba, Gen) Leap- tt FR G@ -1) Ra + 10-15 =O : — i ~1O+ > Y Ty (Rit Ro) ~ Toke = feop- 2st Ra + Tafa -10+ (2-11) 48 Ro =0 > tnCPoyRa+R2)~Fe =10 @ IST, - lOIn = § > 207, — 20%, =10-@ 202 —|oLy= 10 —@ ° => B 205, = > J s4A Te =14 Von oA Problen ) { a a. tov aor ) | ae \ L 2 ys | a SP BM Loop -t ' 7: N@t+Q -~12-4 =16 —_@ ey 6X, ~ 4m 210 ! — 35, -2To = ~—@ . -loop-28! Tn ta =4 —__ a af Sper | [ro (44) - U4] +f te oe even 465 ep elo —40, +822 = 1ony > 8b aUT+8h -0 —@ = &Cla+3) -tur, 48s =O = blagt+id IU, +@Ll2 <0 s 10Tg-1ur, ==15 —@ OI, — 215-6 =5 2 8I,-21lag=1t a) ko ARAARAARARAD 261-281; =~40 S9T\ -26Te = 14% {ly = loop - 1+ Y=5 —O C4244) -eg tea 40 > Fl ~ 4te—-2T) =40 = *Ip 40, = Zo os : TB +4) - Ta'dao6 =r 1284 -d Lo 90 =p Xe -Io a => 2'I4 —FTo -35 —a@ @+Q> \FIn = 35 > Ta< oS = 5A Tea = 10A Vo =p —Pm)4 = £a/ 20v 24108120) . oe, Ss lay sep Find +he mesh currents oy, t, Bune 2 and in in the nehwork, geen below: loop 1,2, 8% Supertoopy) u-i, =4- ig -I_= 24° 45, + Bf, +2%, = lootot (40) — i Bin ad tae, ae we [Ala 164 Bint 2ty = 6 44,4 Bint 2k = 60 j> [Ue ten? ya 2 - Pirintotn = 46 ip= ton 4 blo tin = BB - sre current sore Aa srrear BA leap Aa tet reel stor areae TATA nesistow Ra ara 7 qt chonge sar at} JVUVVVVSSSSEELS big + Big Big, ~ 6H x. 100 100 | i ' dhe Cet choco bolo 2% regcirsgoey [Mi = 509 iil “Baer - —“Teeep = 40012 11( 22004500) = Vs Pp teepe =e 25007, =Ns in¢ 2o0+4o8) = 60V, > 600%, = — 60 (Soo 7) => 600 to = ~ 200001 => xo VOXO"R _ 3000 VS 400 2500 > Vox? _ 20000, , qoo = ano VS => Ve Ts = - 8% —e —t ALEK EET ERET ERT R ROHR ee Been eaaer ie — — a ‘eMac Aivider: |Loop-2 — 400 x Gov, 400+ 200 = -€é Gov, = —~4ovy, B io BOC s/6 2500 Vue eve Vo Ni} a 40x os = —-8Vs TTS eevee veVT VEE DS Bd bebe @® Rovlostad op salve PACT YET, =Ee y24V - gy FOL x < TUUTARLARAALLARARRER PR DRrDDDOS: reuil Theorem $ Superposition principle theorem * [Lincentl|- tineority ie the propemiy of on element deseribing. Qa Umeore relationship behoce cauce & abheet —ts Q combinaton both the romagene rly Cecaling) ema the additve property. resislox 1S a Limear elemend: QRETTPVREN ee wes | | Kad o 7 Spy BWI, canoe —p vo Wage source additive: yg OK ve VitVo ite) R Nom- Eimear —» semiconductor, pon junction: |Stotermentd The super position theorem éteeles that 4he ve Hage across oy ewranth through. a0 element fm a Umean ekt 1 the algebraic sum 8] the voltage acnoss ov etorent -through ne clement Aue 6 each incdepenclont sour Olina, olone- Af pa viQa we cavity fellow 1 = zea a Steps /Procedure. 4b Find i wong. superposition theorem VWULYSEDDLLDLORUDUO DEBE DEEPA ewne - Inactive equre valent resistence. Oprn P20 sh: cusrentsouree. Loes {+ I, (+4) ~- a4) =-24 sp 121, —4to=-24 ——a@ Loop it~ 2 = -6 IiG4ta)- 4t, =o ——@®D —- FI, -4r,=90 or 21T, ~ S121) =O —__@ O+@Q-> '#t, =-2Y ou I, = -24 Ue BLLIALLUT eee renee wonne | _- 77 TREE) EERE UUUVR PUAN ENCE EINE 2/0/14 | i wedneadar ® Now co plawar cinewik @ Mesh appl» ee ae mH AL, Node apply. rN Sat cD Vo showt \ ee ol sour 2 av Be Curremt | open Oo eet Pe . aA 24vy Souwee active: i4a-4e Inv Source active: Loop" eo ef oe oo) 0 (844 4D ted = 4 ane =o bea: ja bot Be * we oO |, ot Loop -2* To (4%) -Iyr4 12 = fo —~40, =12 => 2&Ip —'6T, =4% => Teo =u i cond Lom aa. 2A soveese Acie Source acHhve! als el { Loop=1' Ty (44844) —4T2 -41% =O =v (6T,- 4fo2 = -12 ——D Loop -2." To (4+3) —- BIg —4I1 =O => FIo- 4, =-3 = 28Ip—l6L) = - 26 —® O+Q0 = 247, = -4% =m T2 = -2 iM Lp ts 2-243 =4AL So, t= a Co OM -A4+244 a 6. Of "Poon Aine | | 6A counce active : : : tee rag! pea) Oo odt, 182 duperloop : | PTA GD + ee) = 40 8) dite > 20 18h = +450 > Sh =26, > 4% -Y 2d Bctan eit. ae FOUR EUV EEE EEUU EEE DUDU vWD Yess Dee's eae ells (2-t=6 > & =6t4) & 46+) -c1>} =? => 244 40, - cc =O => ¢=-8 > fg en 2 Vig = TARE = NEV Leop 122 guperloop: So eA etd top a 2 Oy i C2) 4 (8) = A C-1) +0 > 2 +35 44 > Bie, = 20, => bs =-4 " q a &=-3 ge ss tg KH exh = - Be o 32 Nei VarVv'a = 6-35 = - 0610912014 ; Find I using mesh analysis technique: ay dhevnins Theorem: iBevnin’s Theorem: Statement: “The a Umean, +0 Her. replaced hevn in theorem states thet mad bilateral efreutt eos) be on eqptivalent ekt consisting. Ka eeries witha seeteton Ry Vth fs the open ckt vorlage at the terminals and Rin Is the voltage Source vth in Where Inpet o» eqpeivatent Resistance at ste sterminals when the incepedent SUITES axe turned of f. ‘ ' , ' , » , s ’ 3 s a s a 2 a > - 2 2 2 > 2 = = oy = 2 = loilateral —» terminal iorter change ma(AT meenin' chornge- 221 MN, Diode Follod aca an, +wWo loemiral ck Rory Rio SSS SSSSSSeSSESHKLSSKHKLLKKSKKATKRAKKKKRKRKRL HS OS ase SUVVVVVVVVVEDLELULULLLEEVULL Ebb bbb ebb abl bis jo aa = 1 “| ad ra) An ds hy Find — thevnin equivalent ckt Sk the cet left ob , men find -Ine current through Ry = & 16, 36. => For Vay! TH 4 a ( a dient wt (CE). ra oe eel boop-4% ty qty) -12T, 20 loop-2' Tn =-2A 16T,- 12(-2) = O22 => 165, = 32-24 8 > Y= +p =O5A Nod Applying. KVL wm re coed (oop: + Vee, —32+Ti xy =O 2D Voe = BOV Hence, Vy = ov we pone Reet Ren = D+ Qni2 yo HARAAANDAAADARARABWBAsa SSG anesesasensaanaee esi. | at Find I using Theq, ckt? Tee a ae ae Note ale loop- 122 Supervloop: i;-ig = > ips i;-b=-4 ai = 7 Gin - 4 Sin +0 -18 ox g =o +Voc =O 7 Le av => Voc ABV Hamees Viy = £5V Ray = Req, = 645 = 414 2 TH Ba, Ce : 2 an Vor = 6ly-in) Loop-l @ 7, (ote) - Si2 = 50 => 97,— bi. =50 Cake lo Catey- 6 +10i, = O _bapp- 2 > Blo —-Biy +10l, FO 2 dig - i, +51e =O mee’ la-to = 01596 Chim in) © %Cii~te) em mmo Oa DS 5 No = -Te XD loop -4 > acM Ly _- 2 = = => (e420 Gy" ML =0 5 a wl erwehane. Oe > 4 heorem: Whed reer deny "e “Metemen hee V7 ” Le ” “ ; i NortonS theorem etledes that o Viravorrgn “bdo “leaner t ‘ ‘ FB teno clemmi Mal eiverih eom be replacec] by an) eapvaternt ekt emsists SE HH curren Oare — ad 1 & > we Ih jm pawatlel wrth a tesiaton Ry Where Tp o >, a we 1% Ane show , , na eB eke eurrent trough \ res Ver muimadea 2 . MS amd Rar fs the fnpets om eqpti ; resithamce at +ho termésale chm Ie. taydepemdort sources arse. turned of f » Valet Limeare tuo | Verminvod eve | en A tr GD) BM ns te bee keT nee | @ Aw0o of fer mune meee | Tse __ ob & aw 4S 12 @ 27 R oe 2A es ’ Find Newton -eqyivatent etmartt ekt Ubt So omd bb. sol? |: for Int sav © leop- 1". Ti(q4t2) 120s > 92 => (WT, -12T. = 3% 4T,-2@fo = 8 > 42— eae eaaas beep 7 tee Pp 2 Ted) — 4) + fel) = 0 => 19> ~12T; +Inm =O (2T9 ~ 12D, 4 2+ T2 =O => 1%t> — 12D) =-2— => (2%, — 13T, =2 => 9C84+3%)) -19% = 2 > 24 49TQ -13To HD > -—402 = 22. > To = tt _ Se = 1 oss, F5A Fe st In =F5A Fox &n: 4 4 Feel pe Q (TTT Tee ee Oo eeUvUUUUDULVLVELVUVELELLELULELG u Vv Newton eq ckt! ‘ ‘ ‘ 4 4 « Gy ee a 2m b Find Nowhow eg cKt for left dk a,b. i For Tn: 4 ——— . «é a a a t @ fine : « » ¢ beop- 1 ¢ « Ti(3+e)-8l2 =80 6 “S => OT, -~GT2 =50 : ° lsop- 25 ec?) « Soe Bo ¢ Vee = VR Tn(et) ~6T, =0 ‘ v, ig Bee wen 8s -~ 62) =0 : o (Stat z Bla p, = 60) an, i: é 4 Sed a FURDOOVUVIVEIELLEL EL ELI VELLULEVULE DELLE LEDELY Aevhow, Ire “yee 19 In a tbe t For Rn: Ru =O tah Source sransfaxmation : Shodoment? A\ Source troms formation ie the a voHage source Ve process & replace | jo series with ao vesishr R by a chen owe Ie {> porvalteh wrth a vestelove R op vise verse , (1s v3 © {gy b Ay ~ SP, 6 vac) Nn is | Lb peli | pls? dn Roa \ Ray, = Pio WETS Pr. Rio Rru mer Bur rear 7 a ow om . +e aaa 22k . . 14-09-2014 Source Conversion Technit** Soherloy Lec—I18 Problen: Fine Ve using eC technique = 2h an ie 4a Disa BnFu, G& lov : = ° Aa ad 3. Won re, “ GC 12N SBTAT TASES AIUAP RS GAAASIAARA ARAL RASA ARENT IG a o 292— 4v Find Vo using. SC technique : | _Peoblem+ 4K aie ik ¢ + ir] p22 ie | i > « “i | THe. aH < ee f a > ay © » a | i ? € vl — = 3 3 Xx Sa «ie wil a e & 6 aS < A t ” I4-09- 201g & Sunday . Lec -49 & ss Ve =Gource vo Hage Geese tae 2 Riine = line nesistema | RL= load vesistemee. Vo 6 = i =n ea e e o e oe Moximum power transfer theorem: S Statement. “a Mox™ power tromaferved to We o - toad When the oad restetor (PL) equalsdo es o eo ee o e e © ~ - ~ - * - * he me peststmes [thenin resislemce (Rr) te = Ries Rw - Ruine nacar change eanvAT, Re chenge “ar 2, Ruine aM SUT as volinge Re ag across DA SI az peoot: For the Cirail shoedn Py ay T= Ym ‘Gee oe | Prt BL ts @ ic : ” PL as z aan 2 = * ty a R 7 ee) . A dam 26 bas ww ar Viv PL a ee - => ¢ erat a) Vir VP RL 2 Cary +e0) (em + ey =o Vn Revs +PL) i Vw (m4 + RL) - ZV a Ven CRrH APL) = 2¥TH PL =O = Rr + RL = PAL => Ary = &L : APL (ees ofr Be GR, ae See Pou + Pe)t Cems RL) -2.RL) - @niS Pe”) 4(ennt) Cee when, PreRe = (PL 7) a) - > - Geo (eat ei (Pty Co NE @ + ae ded (280) FV A —— > Risa, AP. Lye SPL . dQ 7 TH dey Grey = Vez Corns) da, a - ae ‘Gens eeyt QT ee (em Pe 4 Pm4e@)— 2Q. (Rm +P) AB 6 Yields xp (Pres acy — 204 Comme Pe) “Ae o eet 2S (an +R) 7S 2ACPm 4 Pv) ar, any Re = df vm 7 ya,2 are ~ AR ( CoO ) = Vii CPm + Pi) ~ Cr Pes Com * PL) ° Hence, Ray = Re pels rve ARC % TTVVVUUYEVEVL VELL LLLLELULE EWE EEE EEBEse Now R= Rm is the MPT conclition, Se t= VT es Vie Perr + ATH Ley Poe meu 2 = Mm™ ap, 2 Vm ans 4Rrm2 4Ry> genet tag R= Vo? 4ne zoblem* Find the value GPL Sor MET tnd” Next bird Pmax + 4Q- [rom on 7 gn 4 4 b For Rm -. gq og i ~ cy te | RA. =d 5 Pox = TH 4RTH = Coe 4x4 weer r rye ee = re | = - L a = = - = co ~ . 04214 Gapocilors & Inductors a ineiom Lec-20 —-(wo new & impos tert lineat ckt — resisolon —issipate energy capacito x, inductors — stores emrgy - Copocitor: A capacihor consists SF comduchng. plates zepevated bby an fnsulator (dielectric). =e diclectrle i ~—» metal plades sch with orga. ‘A! oe ae — Agar Cte FCT? ee Pe 1S a voltage opplted charge is stored sn the plates chore charge qe @ — eonsternt 8, proportion ality eapacttomce 95 the. eopocitor unit — Rared (F) ~& ee ye. voriable WIZO. 3 cepacetor is cHachar ging « Carvent -VoHage. Relationship: as \ idt + V Co) Ge) § aphid te Power ond Energy: dav inetarrkrmeouwo power, P= wi=ve ar Energy stored = S He 2 (¢t AY Ay ) CH CS < 0 oO t r ere wer ene ees! 121101 DO14 (> nstermmtemeous | L= yms Sunday Series & Parallel Capacitors: Se ~PNede 9 ® Parallel : | . 1 Applying KCL at male x j f' wel. @ le, VS Plat inte pig | = 4 Bet ade rend y ve = If Ane (Crtean + Cp [Se aq an @ Series: a pia aces, Appbing KVL avound the Loop» Via Vit Ve+tVate tN fe (. ide + Cte) rE fe (e rae-+alt)| *[SSoaermocyen fe Jira sad _ t, “[Gerdovts drt) (a [vo Got te a4 TT Vf a | Coa, cr + ap en ‘ ‘ 1 ‘ ‘ ‘ aM COPA ‘ oe s \ 20S ff | aa ob | e 4 Lr * s CH 4tbt20 9 = 20m nord 8 SrepnS. ao ejb ©* 30165 § = 2O pA : Trductons: : a _ designed 40 Shwe energy In He magnetic? | Sela 3 Need — Pay dnductow 6 © leetric cure nett Taduch, Qoss se ae Sher ns, Propertizs - | ah other xanng | - + em hemee - cine eons | oh > Core oro | e ai @ arca=A) 4 4 2 ‘snship~ allowed to pass Ahrovgh wdc experimen tall voltage Ar o0eS excportienaldl +> the Hone - arent Pavirsi SS Some importemt points: Erg. W => cs tt ne = yay [e] ray aap Hidt= Lhe ite) 5 it Ce) align) =] W mot ed sansta- — Cavsvemt Flood em bs chong am mncousley fn a inductor®. Trduele acto as & short ckt twde- Goes ‘Ox. .thl See text SpoveS RB Para lel ebers* + etext loge ntlete+- + bn ~- amen em mee mR eee eran eeeeeresesr juv Jeansient analysis: ® Source free RC ctrl ¢ - d4lsottg = e Tueed a) « Se Bs heel aee'S - 1 o wea LS = foe dv « at & fe « « & oe Source WE, S were y mrear # Zire ST capaci 4 tor aa SRT rey Bat Given C0) = Vo Applying Kel ot rede a, te tin=© 2 ede +H 0 Rearraony4n4, Av 4 a SY = — Rat ‘ mre both sideg, Omv= “pe £ + Ong > aan we pe zt => tee 2 Ae Pe Re, [> | —® ive vost feocceretcererecenercege e s Use jwssvol eandition andl oat (0, VO) @h=Ve ; — oe ry . fh =o a Z - of Pe sqite WEA thon yl) avoe Y wy lots — wloturad respons % (am crternal sour az) A _ 4 t— time eon @=Re St Me cr rst} ~ mifhok vol oe ye bake a PRO (A\ peda . -A fe 7 GACT ZAI uno CATT (er aor’ Power: 2 Pa) Presiston |] = fe CR C = (M0) % 2 VO xe CZ RK pz = MeO. vor 6 = al R e BETALOG BETALOC-XR Tenobls — arnicard BETALOG METALOGXR Tenabis — ftomnicayd PVYVSSVSSYVSVSVYVSVTO TOTO OOUOYDOTSDODOODELDDELE aor Le SH, e = 49- - UC = Rey Xt - 4x01 20.4% ling, with basic fer gource Free Rl ht Capi T=0-4 vo F158 So, v(t) = tee 704 5: vitik) = se ey : Is -2st- : tye oe Bey vet) = Gers V/ ie) Ma \ We obtained | vee) 2% en */t “ty T=RC hn) th. ty VeCE) avacye vie)” | fedt) ac Mee | Spay = Vel) at R 4 Z Ve e7 E/E Vere) : R 7 CeCe) = = 2 Fe (vee) Vee (- a) ene x> 4 = - veg Ve fv rte) HNIONGAA Vieknes hy v YY mono HHH HHHAHHAHAHNNCAHAADHOHAHANAH HAHAHAHA HSH aos eeeeees (TTT rere eer vevevevvvuuvvvveubibseds Given Velo) =45V, Determine ve, Va, to EDO. = = Reg = (216)+8 rer oF 2 42 SV : a wae T = Re oma s task = 24 Rar ~£ Veg? Voe “/F 2 450 4 ty Set Ae ° Reay i =, i -~_ ‘46e Ay Vg = ip Rew a “A = -15e) 4 ip Lt) = Me) R aay ] er +H —p 25-10-2014 imicard 5 Plus BETALOC BETALOC:XR ~—Tenobis Ramicard Ramicard2.5 Plus Ram roan th eek ee Pooblenrs ‘ 40. kK. {sr Ne ey pation” Sy ne | OV © as | = v ' The aitch in dhe cht shown +has bem, he a ‘ closed Son a Rong time, and 46 (Se opened: ek £20 -Fimd VU), EO 30 ro) L -5t F16e PALO OOD OG OKOROONOOARRANAMRan ame a ene 7 nee EES ae os Gourte free R-L edvenit: @ We Joke reepense VCH) cusrent+ Hnrovgh the inductor L @ pr +=0, we assume that 13110 20K Sole x tay [-——o— a MW) yay a Yplt) % gz bis py tanducton eusrport 1S te Fe, i@)=fo, Nemcee oar wo) = 41D" @ Applying EYL asound the loop» ee stored im the inductor 1S ms = = 1 ALy jR=O = al £.j =0 Bee de oS a = Ar fmtegroctin ; bh sides, Umi = Ee + IA n @ From otal adaes omd Roy ® i(o) = = To aes ee ae Ramicar! Ranicard25Pus fama 5 Plus eo qneve i(k) =e al plot: ip) = iL) =1@) Volt) = (&)R = ToRe vile) = LA = = -DRe- v7 io VP vec ro = Se B ‘ -— ete let) =e HTL ge Ts, ia) se “% AHAHAAHHMAMIMIIMIIINM IIMA NA KNAAAKRKAKKRK LY Energy: ee fag “e Pet) = ia 7p =( Le © oe Wo =4 Lt -%) 2(|-@ We (+) = [ pdt << $ll (1 b Lz & Weto) = bt od ie Ibs yw. 4 2 7 2H _y wl hod- cloes NL : Gebore tt ) oe =2-+4(12Il4 BR Ha a ee 'C) ee" > BA = ber ek [e=a] + =0O;/—» I 16 ae Req - fatg) rs Loe = 650 WL ane aoe & ice) Age 24 ie SO = co | © —— | ( (os ev) | [ero] + Compariong. aie baawie. END To = Ba ay 35 0 BD DD DO DP PD DP PO 9 ll Step Reop onse. of am RC ckti Ste pfu nection : a Domotec by} ult) qt) | ult) 76 dekemee ab ! ve) = \ ‘i trO | __ oe 0, t¥o | | —t-! a a in & a Aa Brot | ar | LOC-XR nobis < Li as —Ramicard 5 Plus aapsaen nt saa | @® Pleo we ove oven vC5)=v(o*)*% ! : @® our good - vik) =? VARHNTHAAHKA HM VAIH HAP HHHHARHAHRKRRVILVY ® Applying. KCL at mode x ip(t) =tett) fe A ce bing gz = Se > mn eAR AT 1411012014 Sunday Step response o§ Re ekts Thdisclor/ Capacitor 1 lst avder eqn 2 Ind ovder eq) ya a aly Applying KvL— I. MUG) FIGIRE VCE) =O given vC5) = VCol) » Vo > Vel) 4 o Bye) R-+ ve) =O fapely reg KCL Ve uct) —~vt) = 2 Avct) ee ee he At « * a & a a a a * 4 « 4 4 s 4 4 4 a 4 ‘ 4 ‘ ‘ ‘ = [AE ves ww) | For +>O dv av LY. sae ee GL > dv. _W=Vvs) AE Re => OB __aat V-Vs 4 cmtegvoting Loos 4ides fpom.+=0 to tor VCE) Av Vaeoyt “ye f V-Ve ~~ Re), om [v-vs] 5 = -gzltle Vit) bt =D | Lal vce) - 4 = | en(vee -) “3 an VOW _ th a _& > vk) — Vs wees Bei —Ppe, €OG = Vie) = Vo + Vo-Ys)o Hence, Vit) = 5 Vo, € bb% fet tthe @® % — source Sree —» 26% = Source — A = Wile can write ok = vay = VC%)+ [ veo) _vee)le F 2 This tello, =» vo) o => v0) = 2 TR tha . euiteh clhhomge & position at, t =to ero ooo oe eee? ree a v(e) +[v Ce) veo | Problem: TE The switch in the shown figuxe boo been im position A for a Jong Herne » At £=0 ,Ahe switch: moves fo B. Deter wv. vee) 2 &?7o oma collate its yal ak t=1 ord 4S: 3k B 4K fe to 20 7 We meet v (0), VCI,T V(ol) = 00 [e@) 7 Viet) = vee? | UY = 4AKK OME = 2S VCO) = 2? 6 get V(8), +40([ > BETaLoc BETALOCXN Tenobis Ramicard Ramicard 25 Pus famard ls ine V0) aqie x24 = ABV ; Hence vitj= 20 +(19-20) © V va) =? —x* — 24|10|201¢ Source free RC KE’ carr Vi) = Vee” FE be Step respemee 9 Re_cKE * 8 Cc via) = v(a) + [Mes — Vea) 2 to 20 > vetpever)+[VO) -via)le ee FE Problem: The switch has been open for a Lon dime and closed at t=0- Fird vlt) for tro omd also claw. Also cateulote vit) at bt -05- 4-0 652 25- “ : 5V excise olNintnaniacsitaent ‘ a 65t exo: o Garter “Oe VA) = v0) = 10 DV VIVID DOW DDD UHV YI YO VOTO EDU ODUD EDEL S | ve) VCO) 2 10V ESTALGS = SETALOCXRTenobls fanicard25 Pus Ramieard Ps Sine agree Mr era Ramicard Ae a it wee NCE) = 625 4 (n- gasde =~ 2d 7 6.25 + a 7b 0 7 yo ~ Jo 5 / y vil) ; L 62% me ye ee = Beno 74 bb om De = cre wun alatr v(t) ~6 2 = = o~ & = SVUVVYUVVYDVVDVVIVYSEOvYS Ovo wo DOOLODYVVVIVUDOVUOVOLVEOR, ers BETALOC BETALOC-XR BAN 9014 Vlad nif Ramiceres Ramicerd2.5 Plus Ramicard 5 Plus See Doth Sng sepingt re es - AL pe cla 4 ne) / cpl ! j : i! ( fledie y y yh tha A fae oh tz) M fly) Val dy) y (4p) 0 AL | pela. rn (Yu ' fliule qi b Currey bre dn! Yn V4 1 | Mm fed” Mo Cy) | 4) % (41 LI © %0 [4] 7 | Y loop (3 wi Gg) OM"? tq =72 | | "| loop". i 1 o | Ife - | i ‘j gia rl AA 149) | i 4 NAC) IG if . 4 Vony a) Super ie Vy * 1, ; 4 te Tr ee EVE VEY UYUHDUVUVUUVIIVIVEDUVOVY VOLVED! [een 2)- 0) | y[ ern) _ a) | SETALQS BETALOCXR Tenobis Ramicard Ramicard5Plus _RamicardS Plus ome = amicard — Ramicard eb nice or ‘euinyten — Necrnanng ee > ~6-Vs -I4 20 V5 =~20 XX — Man ta re form? PH Vet a Va Bereta t=. Fouts - Se Pim Pout 2 Re Pin = TC Rit er) Ru Ts = Tbs Ret Rr At mex” pow tremsfer esnd”, RL = Rov Te TL = 507. Corree! Load power ve RL Ter VS Qe TeVR vs Ry tloceg Vs Re Load power vey, PL Pow Mie Re VIH P, XO. “CGR ian)" Viv. ~Veu VeL ot Ver —» voltage ot Ful loa ok no load. YvR= VNL oS voltage BETALOC BETALOC-XR Tenobis — Raynicari Ramicard2.5Plus_Ramicard 5 Plus RerALes «Reece meet mat ewe ~ ¥ YS SVEVVVDOOEYDUDVVUVYYYYULDEDTDUDDTDDDDDODUEDL' EE . é ] [22/10129'4 th Griven MOD a IOA, 76k) = 2, tatty a ° 4 iran YO) 2 1oe7 We Bing BE “eee ond 3 ah eno 2) = — Bip yet | ie Le) = Mee) Q =O a Step response S R—L civeust: ce) ~ Given o> = Toy ile) svespmree vartable- Lave) For £70; itt ai (bh) Pepe COR +L AEED — Ve >= = ge ae ~~ Ei) a_i x ~ icy “Eig + Edt 1 Petegrating both sides, MGS Lb vo ict) = & + (e-B)e * 5 iC) = YE ecu) — DP the switch tabos the pod (CED = 500) +[eC4o) - Ux) Je Ss roblem + _ aeons, = ey ot ay —o = rE 0 a c OF al Ente TOM, 1a) eae ae ~C-&) to a- $%5 ia) = Ha + [itsy-1e Je we 5 PMPDDOLPLL PPL MPPPMMLHHOOHMH PELE RRR ER! e . p , , ' ' , ‘ ‘ ' r , + 24 )10 ltl Wednesday | a ae i+ Tem / Fevomagneshe. / Niekel/Cobalt Magneto motive Force (mma): The pre nee ttnes & force. is deternumed by te ) apptted soe force. which 1% tee 4S terns emd currents Sy Sure & ne relate magnetizing. ceil. clencted oy FB (script F) [3 =Nr B= Ge e Permeability ow, “4 ~ Pex a eability of o amatertal fe a mea tod ew © f i aancte curt the eadt with vhetch m SlUx LimMeS can be cétablished i the uw“ tex Vo vee LA = denoted boy Pa Pee Space Ma / For ant material w= bpo 7 —t Lg to S ATTXIO Whfn alloc hadi Mp Aoderg™ pe? L — poems, He. Lip? hn forse, ae E, « Flue Ga ZTE! an OTRTAT flux Ware Us Mp Relative | * Nem - magnet a. ae iempae | | oe magnehe elems demce TIN DIO Lility pares + wie a 4 { 4 ' ‘ ' Reluctemee ¢ The wetuctance 3 a mnakert gething, UP ch magmnedic, flux mcs t : motertal can be shodn ley the followin : equation, f ‘i Q _ A pt/wh ae BR aA for Fk alto the 2 ape ® LIES: db Ohis law Sor magnete ckt # We have CG Effect * Gppoattien , MO’ pa Coe = e $ 3D | Effect = ) Opposition = RQ FVeoe pPeveeseosesssevewoger~--- F neh Zing. faye oe mnt per Y Frc dunoted om Hy | [F-H4| anrof Un ven ioe NS avian joe inds perder r Wo motes iol 7 | = porrane dar we we, BHA mete morerian iF associated esfth B= H ote ——— ff 7 - we 04) 14| 2014 | SL Sotusday Arm a cortuital law: B-H wae 2 Sheed etre Arale y & betroeen ae 2 jee, Cosse-) Eo ck Po mMekte | eae j Z gp — Cavin) Ofer = Opposition R Applying. cause analog y i Kirchof fe law CS)V=0 = >) >) . 23h =0 ie Nek Impwessat mmf = mmf drops S =nNE = OR = HQ Applying amperes e ee CEG itawd, Mn 4 furngen < NI = Hixon Lise 4 pep.p Leyte dia KCL Equiralent: AR a guncton Pentering. = Proaving At junchom a» " — " Po = byte Ab junction bv, 1 y Oyt be =Da | Gahegory 1- Q-given " ap | | | “el 2 — C Given | c G22 \ | | Problem: ® ste e \ ds Dos'oe 5 Ne=oo tums O}) a) Bev £ A- 20 2m 2S Bahl coats > t= oem He ero Avfen 2 coal steak core, P= tv 10 db a4 =e 2 S New apply emg Ampere. Cieenital law, NE = Heodes s => 4ool = 1tOxX ONG => ES t#FOXO1G . 6.668 Bi oxo 0-068 A Magnetic eiveuit equivalent 5 Blectric cireuck emalogy ; Feoblems Saw Lea hep ~ Oia ~ Aimy Que = Bde — OG in Area Cthroughout) aq 3 = BExIo TWh. lan = BQ.37 tn Bad, e C1 5B toe A °.mfoT From B-H curve, Hs YOAL/m Her = leco At/m +t Here hee 1400X% i oR Bq Sp des = haw tfep + pa 3 fey = Que thed tte (fe taqa Magnetic Covent Barivalent —»' OSI LL 2e@t4 oe . Soctuarday Air gap: fe eae Effect: ate A aby re mm Fal LB cur as pty -fevomagneh : Bi elem > \ Seren Wa UT LJ CRT WAT magnete 7 SFiell AEN exer ACH | Ae fering eon 1 efheet “aw @a_ problem solving. aa AA Agap am) A AF ama 26a, a Be A gap —p rer xem Par Type ~Il_ preblem: Ty Given ». & — te be delevraune ; NL He | ect Tir - TEB) element wart anarcsr problem aIs-° Cake ontaeaT trial error. idea) 1 menenpbdbeseser> Deareacesne saa | Megnetie cE 2a, > MR 2a Pzoblans Magnetic cht oapcretlea rt | Le e1A ( A Neco | (6 Asari or sore ‘ Ren wet Ino y { yt Paap fig oe a . VA DMO | Bgap = Lo Hgap Pues de) Bgep - LI At Bat PRE eight ng egop = LJ a8t to "Wh Peose = aap Bora = deore AE jon carve | Novo aged appl Horr Ampe yes law, NE |» tlcowe = = Hreove heove. =k Ngap’qep 640 At NE Qvere stimneel ec 2ZUOs o 6400 | +PVIDBVYY? LD DDD ED WD VE DD DY WY OR PrpwannEm erence o» Ampowe see a7 B77, Bae oe yer | Yemen © LOM See CAT 23) 1 rons }

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