SQL - UPDATE JOIN https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-update-joins.

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SQL - UPDATE JOIN

To update the data entered in a single database table using SQL, you can use the
UPDATE statement. However, to update the data in multiple database tables, we need
to use the UPDATE... JOIN clause.

For instance, if a student changes their primary phone number and wishes to update it
in their organizational database, the information needs to be modified in multiple tables
like student records, laboratory records, canteen passes etc. Using the JOIN clause, you
can combine all these tables into one, and then using UPDATE statement, you can
update the student data in them simultaneously.

The SQL UPDATE... JOIN Clause

The UPDATE statement only modifies the data in a single table and JOINS in SQL are
used to fetch the combination of rows from multiple tables, with respect to a matching
field.

If we want to update data in multiple tables, we can combine multiple tables into one
using JOINS and then update them using UPDATE statement. This is also known as
cross-table modification.

Syntax

Following is the basic syntax of the SQL UPDATE... JOIN statement −

UPDATE table(s)
JOIN table2 ON table1.join_column = table2.join_column
SET table1.column1 = table2.new_value1,
table1.column2 = table2.new_value2;

Where, JOIN can be: Regular Join, Natural Join, Inner Join, Outer Join, Left Join, Right
Join, Full Join etc.

Example

Assume we have created a table named CUSTOMERS, which contains the personal
details of customers including their name, age, address and salary etc., using the
following query −

Open Compiler

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CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (

ID INT NOT NULL,
NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR (25),
SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

Now, insert values into this table using the INSERT statement as follows −

Open Compiler

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES

(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ),
(3, 'Kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 ),
(4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),
(5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),
(6, 'Komal', 22, 'Hyderabad', 4500.00 ),
(7, 'Muffy', 24, 'Indore', 10000.00 );

The table will be created as −

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00

2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00

3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00

4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00

5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00

6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00

7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

Let us create another table ORDERS, containing the details of orders made and the date
they are made on.

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Open Compiler

CREATE TABLE ORDERS (

OID INT NOT NULL,
DATE VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
CUSTOMER_ID INT NOT NULL,
AMOUNT DECIMAL (18, 2)
);

Using the INSERT statement, insert values into this table as follows −

Open Compiler

INSERT INTO ORDERS VALUES

(102, '2009-10-08 00:00:00', 3, 3000.00),
(100, '2009-10-08 00:00:00', 3, 1500.00),
(101, '2009-11-20 00:00:00', 2, 1560.00),
(103, '2008-05-20 00:00:00', 4, 2060.00);

The table is displayed as follows −

OID DATE CUSTOMER_ID AMOUNT

102 2009-10-08 00:00:00 3 3000.00

100 2009-10-08 00:00:00 3 1500.00

101 2009-11-20 00:00:00 2 1560.00

103 2008-05-20 00:00:00 4 2060.00

Following UPDATE... JOIN query increments the salary of customers by 1000 with
respect to the inflation of their order amount by 500 −

UPDATE CUSTOMERS
JOIN ORDERS
ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID
SET CUSTOMERS.SALARY = CUSTOMERS.SALARY + 1000,
ORDERS.AMOUNT = ORDERS.AMOUNT + 500;

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Verification

We can verify whether the changes are reflected in a table by retrieving its contents
using the SELECT statement as follows −

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

The updated CUSTOMERS table is displayed as follows −

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00

2 Khilan 25 Delhi 2500.00

3 Kaushik 23 Kota 3000.00

4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 7500.00

5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00

6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00

7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

Now, check whether the ORDERS table is updated using the following SELECT
statement −

SELECT * FROM ORDERS;

The updated ORDERS table is displayed as follows −

OID DATE CUSTOMER_ID AMOUNT

102 2009-10-08 00:00:00 3 3500.00

100 2009-10-08 00:00:00 3 2000.00

101 2009-11-20 00:00:00 2 2060.00

103 2008-05-20 00:00:00 4 2560.00

UPDATE... JOIN with WHERE Clause

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While updating records from multiple tables, if we use the WHERE clause along with the
UPDATE... JOIN statement we can filter the records to be updated (from the combined
result set).

Syntax

The syntax of SQL UPDATE... JOIN with WHERE clause in MySQL database is as follows
−

UPDATE table(s)
JOIN table2 ON column3 = column4
SET table1.column1 = value1, table1.column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;

Example

Now, let us execute the following query to increase the salary of customer whose id is 3
−

UPDATE CUSTOMERS
LEFT JOIN ORDERS
ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID
SET CUSTOMERS.SALARY = CUSTOMERS.SALARY + 1000
WHERE ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID = 3;

Verification

We can verify whether the changes are reflected in a table by retrieving its contents
using the SELECT statement as follows.

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

As we can see in the table below, SALARY value of "Kaushik" is increased by 1000 −

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00

2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00

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3 Kaushik 23 Kota 3000.00

4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00

5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00

6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00

7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

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The UPDATE... JOIN Clause in SQL Server

The SQL UPDATE... JOIN Clause also works in SQL Server database. But, the syntax of
the query is slightly different from that of MySQL. However, the working of it is exactly
the same as MySQL query.

In MySQL, the UPDATE statement is followed by the JOIN clause and SET
statements respectively. Whereas, in MS SQL Server the SET statement is followed
by the JOIN clause.

Syntax

Following is the syntax of the UPDATE... JOIN in SQL Server −

UPDATE tables(s)
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
FROM table1
JOIN table2 ON table1.join_column = table2.join_column;

Example

In this example, we will update values of the CUSTOMERS and ORDERS table that we
created above; using the following UPDATE... JOIN query −

UPDATE CUSTOMERS
SET SALARY = SALARY + 1000
FROM CUSTOMERS
JOIN ORDERS ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;

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Verification

We can verify whether the changes are reflected in a table by retrieving its contents
using the SELECT statement as follows.

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

The updated CUSTOMERS table is displayed as follows −

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00

2 Khilan 25 Delhi 2500.00

3 Kaushik 23 Kota 3000.00

4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 7500.00

5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00

6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00

7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

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