Teacher Mr.

Jimoh Subject Biology

Class/Year Group YEAR 10 No. of Pupils 9
Date 7th October, 2020 Period 2
ACADEMIC SESSION 2020/2021
LESSON PLAN

Term 1 Week 5
Lesson Topic
The Cell And Its Environment

Learning Objectives Explain the features of the typical cell

Learning Outcomes All pupils will be able to define cell

Most pupils will be able to outline the main cellular organisms
(including multicellular organisms)
Some pupils will be able will be able to state the features of the plant
and animal cell

Classroom IGCSE Board works, Complete Biology, IGCSE Study Guide, IGCSE
Organisation and Biology by Jones and Jones, Practical Complete Biology Teachers’
Resources used Resources, Youtube, www.xtremepapers.net.
Notes

Topic: The Cell and Its Environment

Diffusion is defined as the process by which molecules or ions of a substance (i.e. liquid and
gases) move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until they are
evenly distributed.

Factors Affecting or Controlling Diffusion

The speed of diffusion is controlled by a number of factors which includes;

1. State of matter
2. Molecular size
3. Differences in concentration
Lesson Plan

4. Temperature

Diffusion in Nature or Non Living Condition

Continued overleaf...
Diffusion is also very important in nature or non living condition through the following
processes;

1. The speed of the smell or odour of perfume from a person or a corner of a room.
2. Diffusion of molecules (gases and liquid) in iodine, potassium permanganate.

Osmosis

It is defined as the flow of water or solvent molecules from a region of dilute or a weaker
solution to a region of concentrated or stronger solution through a selectively differential
permeable membrane.

Condition Necessary for Osmosis to Take Place

1. Presence of a stronger solution e.g. Sugar.

2. Presence of a weaker solution e.g. Distilled water.

Living Cell as Osmometer

1. Hypotonic: When the cell of a living plant or animal is surrounded by pure water whose
solute concentration is lower, waste passes into the cell by osmosis. The solution is
therefore is said to be hypotonic.
2. Isotonic solution: When the solute concentration of the cell and its surrounding medium
are the same, the solution is said to be isotonic.
3. Hypertonic solution: When the cell is surrounded by a stronger solution; water will be
lost by the cell. The shrinking of the cell is as a result of the surrounding solution being
hypertonic

The Differences between Diffusion and Osmosis

DIFFUSION OSMOSIS
It occurs in gases and liquid. It occurs in liquid medium only.
It occurs in living and non in living things. It occurs naturally in living organism.
Plasmolysis

This is defined as the outward movement or flow of water from living cells when they are
placed in a hypertonic solution. It is often regarded as the opposite of osmosis.

Haemolysis

This is defined as the process by which red blood cells or corpuscles split or burst as a result of
too much water passing into it. This situation will occur when a red blood cell is placed in a
weaker or hypotonic solution where the red blood cell takes in water and becomes swollen and
may even burst.

Similarities between Plasmolysis and Haemolysis

1. They both occur in living cells.

2. Both processes can lead to the death of the cells concerned.

Differences between Plasmolysis and Haemolysis

PLASMOLYSIS HAEMOLYSIS
It occurs in plant cells. It occurs in red blood cells.
Plant cells shrink. Red blood cells burst.
Turgidity

It is defined as the condition in which cells absorb plenty of water up to a point where the cell is
fully stretched. At this point, the cell is said to be turgid.

Importance of Turgidity

1. It is useful to the plant because it makes them stand erect.

2. It gives support to the stem, flower, leaves and guard cells.

Flaccidity

This is defined as the condition in which plants lose water to their surrounding faster than they
can absorb. When a plant looses more, it is said to be flaccid.

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

The intake or uptake of materials into the cell is termed “Endocytosis” while the removal of
materials such as wastes and others is known as “Exocytosis”

Practice Questions

1. _____ is defined as the condition in which plants lose water to their surrounding faster
than they can absorb.
a) Plasmolysis
b) Haemolysis
c) Flaccidity
d) Turgidity
2. ______ is defined as the flow of water or solvent molecules from a region of dilute or a
weaker solution to a region of concentrated or stronger solution through a selectively
differential permeable membrane.
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Flaccidity
d) Turgidity
3. _____ is defined as the outward movement or flow of water from living cells when they
are placed in a hypertonic solution.
a) Plasmolysis
b) Haemolysis
c) Flaccidity
d) Turgidity
4. ______ is defined as the process by which red blood cells or corpuscles split or burst as
a result of too much water passing into it.
a) Diffusion
b) Haemolysis
c) Flaccidity
d) Osmosis
5. ______ is defined as the process by which molecules or ions of a substance (i.e. liquid
and gases) move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
until they are evenly distributed.
 a) Diffusion
b) Haemolysis
c) Flaccidity
d) Osmosis
6. The speed of the smell or odour of perfume from a person or a corner of a room
The process above is an example of ______
a) Plasmolysis
b) Haemolysis
c) Osmosis
d) Diffusion
7. Hypotonic solution is a solution of ____ concentration
8. _____ is defined as the condition in which cells absorb plenty of water up to a point
where the cell is fully stretched.
a) Plasmolysis
b) Haemolysis
c) Flaccidity
d) Turgidity
9. A solution in which the concentrtion of the cell and the environment are the same is
called _______
10. When a cell is placed in sugar solution, and contents move from the environment into
the cell, the cell is said to have been placed in a ______ solution
11. The removal of wastes from the cell is known as _____ while the intake of items such as
nutrients in the cell is called ____ respectively.