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Rc notes

Cement is a key component of concrete, which is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates that gains strength when cured. Various types of concrete, such as heavyweight, high-strength, and lightweight, serve different applications, including foundations, roads, and quick repairs. Proper mixing techniques and the use of admixtures can enhance the properties of concrete, such as strength and durability.

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3 views

Rc notes

Cement is a key component of concrete, which is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates that gains strength when cured. Various types of concrete, such as heavyweight, high-strength, and lightweight, serve different applications, including foundations, roads, and quick repairs. Proper mixing techniques and the use of admixtures can enhance the properties of concrete, such as strength and durability.

Uploaded by

esmeraldacuinsyll
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cement is a fine powder that reacts with

water to harden but is weak on its own. Heavyweight concretes - use aggregates
Concrete is a mix of cement, water, and that are very dense, such as hematite,
aggregates (sand & gravel) that becomes magnetite, steel punchings, or steel shot.
very strong when cured. Typical ratio by They are used mainly for radiation
volume is 1:2:3 (Cement to sand to shielding, but can also be used in
aggregates). Weight Ratio Water to cement applications such as anchors and
0.3:1 to 0.7:1 counterweights in which high weight is
2 Composition of Concrete - Cement paste needed.
and Aggregates (Physical Properties are similar to General-
Use Concrete)
6 Applications for Concrete
High-strength concrete - has
 Foundation and Slabs
compressive strength over 6,000 psi,
 Beams and Columns
achieved with high-strength cement,
 Walls
admixtures, and well-sized aggregates. It
 Roads
needs careful compaction due to low water
 Roofs
content and is used for heavy load
 Statues and Ornaments
structures.

Function of Aggregates and High-Early-Strength (HES) concrete -


Admixture in Concrete gains strength faster than normal concrete,
Aggregates make up 60% to 75% of the ideal for quick projects like highway repairs
total volume of the concrete. or cold weather work. Faster curing is
Fine aggregate (sand, up to 3/8 inch) - achieved with admixtures, HES cement,
used for making thin concrete slab, smooth high cement content, low water-cement
surfaces, or with coarse aggregate to ratio, or special curing methods.
strengthen concrete by filling gaps.
Coarse aggregate (pea-size to 6 inches) - Fiber-reinforced concrete has added
lowers concrete cost by reducing cement fibers (glass, steel, FRP, etc.) for better
use. Too large or uneven sizes can weaken tensile strength and crack resistance, used
concrete. in thin slabs and pavement overlays.
Air-entraining agents - add tiny air
bubbles to concrete, helping it resist freeze- Advantages of Reducing the Water
thaw damage by giving water space to Content of Concrete
expand. Poor compaction can create large  Increased compressive and flexural
air pockets that weaken concrete. strength
 Increased water tightness and lower
absorption
Six Types of Concrete
 Increased weather resistance
General-Use Concretes - suits most tasks  Better bond between successive
except foundations and exposed paving. It layers and between concrete and
has a 3:2:1 mix ratio (coarse aggregate:fine reinforcement
aggregate:cement) with a compressive  Less volume change from wetting
strength of 3,000 to 5,000 psi, reaching full and drying
strength in 28 days. Its dry unit weight is
130-155 lbs/ft³. Water-cement weight ratio measures
the amount of water compared to cement in
Lightweight Concrete - uses lightweight a mixture. It’s important to weigh the
aggregates like shale, clay, or pumice, cement to ensure the correct ratio. A slump
reducing weight on structures. It typically test checks if the water content is right.
has 3,000-5,000 psi strength and weighs
85-115 lbs/ft³.
Steps to Hand Mixing
Concrete
Small concrete batches can be mixed in a in
a small contain like wheelbarrow for tasks
like installing a mailbox or basketball goal.
1. Measure the Fine and Coarse
Aggregate
2. Add the Cement. Form a crater in the
top pile and pour the cement.
3. Mix the Ingredients. Until uniform in
color and texture
4. Add Water and Dry Material. Form a
crater and add the water and dry
material and mix
5. Test the Mixture. Flatten the surface,
the surface should be close-knit and
moist and not showing too much
water.

Steps to Concrete Mixers


For large jobs, concrete can be mixed off-
site and delivered or mixed on-site using a
mobile or stationary mixer.
1. Add water. Place up to 10% of the
water in the drum before adding
solid materials
2. Start Mixing in Solid Materials. Add
water evenly with materials, saving
10% to add after all materials are in
the drum.
3. Add Admixture if Needed. Add
admixtures one at a time to avoid
harmful interactions that may affect
the concrete.
4. Mix Concrete. Mix concrete for 1
minute per cubic yard, adding 15
seconds for each extra yard.

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