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Tutorial-3

This document contains tutorial problems for a Linear Algebra course at IIT Dharwad, focusing on concepts such as null space, rank, vector spaces, linear independence, and basis. It includes a series of exercises that require students to analyze matrices, determine vector space properties, and apply the rank-nullity theorem. Additionally, it presents practice problems aimed at reinforcing the concepts covered in the tutorial.

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Sneha Ainapure
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5 views

Tutorial-3

This document contains tutorial problems for a Linear Algebra course at IIT Dharwad, focusing on concepts such as null space, rank, vector spaces, linear independence, and basis. It includes a series of exercises that require students to analyze matrices, determine vector space properties, and apply the rank-nullity theorem. Additionally, it presents practice problems aimed at reinforcing the concepts covered in the tutorial.

Uploaded by

Sneha Ainapure
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA 102 : Linear Algebra

Tutorial 3
IIT Dharwad

Tutorial Problems
(1) Find the null space and the rank of the following matrix.
 
0 8 −1
 1 2 0 
 
 
 0 0 3 
0 4 5

(2) Which of the following subsets V ⊆ R3 are vector spaces. Find the dimension and a
basis of V whenever V is a subspace of R3 .
(i) V = ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 : x1 + x2 + x3 = 0 ,


(ii) V = ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 : x1 , x2 , x3 ∈ R, x1 x2 x3 = 0


(iii) V = ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 : x12 + x22 + x32 = 0 ,




(3) Let S = {(1, 4, 0), (1, −1, 1)} ∈ R3 . Does (3, −1, 2) ∈ L(S) ?
(4) Examine whether the set S := (1, 9, 9, 8), (2, 0, 0, 3), (2, 0, 0, 8) ⊆ R4 is linearly inde-


pendent. Is S a basis of R4 ?
(5) Find the null space, row space and column space of the matrix given in the Question
1, and verify the rank-nullity theorem for this matrix.
(6) Extend the following subsets S to a basis of the corresponding vector space V:
(a) S = {(1, 1)} and V = R2 .
(b) S = {(1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)} and V = R3 .
(7) For the following subsets S ⊆ R3 , find L(S) and find a basis of L(S).
(a) S = {(4, −3, 7), (1, 9, −2), (7, 11, 6)}.
(b) S = {(1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, −1)}.
(8) Find a maximal linearly independent subset of the following sets.
(a) {(1, 4, 2), (1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)} ∈ R3 .
(b) {(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)} ⊆ R2 .

Practice Problems
(9) Find the null space
 and the rank of thefollowing  matrices.
8 −4 1 1 0 1 3 −2
(i)  −2 1 , (ii) 0 0 1 , (iii) 2 5 −7 .
     

6 −3 0 0 0 0 1 −4
3
(10) Examine whether V ⊆ R given below is a vector space or not. Find the dimension
and a basis of V whenever V is a subspace of R3 .
(a) V = ( x1 + x2 + x3 , x2 + x3 , x3 ) ∈ R3 : x1 , x2 , x3 ∈ R .


(b) V = ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 : x1 , x2 , x3 ∈ R, | x1 |, | x2 |, | x3 | ≤ 1 .


1
2

(11) Examine whether V is a vector space where V ⊆ R4 is the set of all ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) in


R4 such that
(i) x4 = 0; (ii) x1 ≤ x2 ; (iii) x12 − x22 = 0; (iv) x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 ; (v) x1 x2 = 0.
(12) Examine whether the following sets S are linearly independent. Determine whether S
in (a), (b), (c) is a basis of R3 and in (d) a basis of R4 .
(a) S := (1, −1, 1), (3, 5, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 1)} ⊆ R3 .


(b) S := (1, −1, 0), (3, −5, 2), (1, −2, 1) ⊆ R3 .




(c) S := {(1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), (0, −3, 3)} ⊆ R3 .
(d) S := {(1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1, 0) , (1, 1, 1, 1)} ⊆ R4 .
(13) Let α1 , α2 , α3 be fixed real numbers. Show that the vectors ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) ∈ R4 such
that x4 = α1 x1 + α2 x2 + α3 x3 forms a vector space, which is spanned by (1, 0, 0, α1 ),
(0, 1, 0, α2 ) and (0, 0, 1, α3 ). Find the dimension of this vector space.
(14) Given a set of n linearly independent vectors {v1 , v2 , . . . , vn } in a vector space V, show
that for any scalar α, the set {v1 , v2 . . . , vi−1 , vi + αv j , vi+1 , . . . , vn } with i 6= j is linearly
independent.
(15) Let {v1 , . . . , vn } be a basis of V. Determine which of the following still remain a basis:
(a) {αv1 , v2 , . . . , vn }, α ∈ R is fixed.
(b) {v1 + αv2 , v2 , . . . , vn } where α ∈ R is fixed.
(16) Find the null space, row space and column space of the matrix given in the Question
9, and verify  the rank-nullity theorem  for these matrices.
0 0 0 −2 1
(17) Let A := 0 2 −2 14 −1. Find the rank and the nullity of A. What is the
 

0 2 3 13 1
dimension of the solution space of the homogeneous equation Ax = 0?
(18) Show that the only possible subspaces of R3 are the zero space {0}, lines passing
through the origin, planes passing through the origin and the whole space.
(19) A hyperplane in Rn is defined to be the set u + W where u ∈ Rn and W is a subspace
of Rn having dimension n − 1. Prove that a hyperplane in Rn is the set of solutions of
a single linear equation a1 x1 + a2 x2 + · · · + an xn = b where a1 , . . . , an , b ∈ R.
(20) Let A be a 10 × 10 matrix with A2 = 0. Show that rank A ≤ 5.
(21) Let A be a 5 × 4 matrix having rank 4. Show that Ax = b has no solution when the
augmented matrix [ A|b] is invertible. Show that if Ax = b is solvable, then [ A|b] is
singular.

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