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08 Sampling Theory

The document provides an overview of sampling theory, including definitions of population, sample, parameter, and statistic. It outlines various sampling techniques, distinguishing between probability and nonprobability methods, and provides examples for each type. Additionally, it includes exercises for readers to test their understanding of the concepts presented.

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4 views25 pages

08 Sampling Theory

The document provides an overview of sampling theory, including definitions of population, sample, parameter, and statistic. It outlines various sampling techniques, distinguishing between probability and nonprobability methods, and provides examples for each type. Additionally, it includes exercises for readers to test their understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

gdjmjhbzjm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ready?
MATH
LEGENDS
BANG BANG
꧁༺ STATISTICS༻꧂
&
PROBABILITY

DRAFT
MATH II

SAMPLING THEORY

Population Parameter Sampling Test Yourself!!


Test Yourself!! Test Yourself!!
& Sample & Statistic Techniques
SAMPLING

It is the selection of a subset of


individuals from within a statistical
population to estimate the
characteristics of the whole
population.
Population & sample
Population
- the totality of observations or
elements from a set of data.
SAMPLE
- refers to one or more elements
taken from the population for a
specific purpose.
Test Yourself!!
Identify whether it is a population or sample.

a group of 40 patients in a hospital who


the ages
the
thetotal
top
of all
50
number
employees
taxpayers
of students
in
of the
a certain
Philippines
in a school
company
are given a particular treatment

sample
population
population
Parameter & statistic
parameter
- refers to the measure that
describes the population.

statistic
- numerical description of the
sample
Parameter & statistic
A researcher wants to estimate the
average death age of Filipino women
in the last decade and from a sample of 100
deaths, he obtained a sample mean of 73.

parameter
statistic
Test Yourself!!
Identify the parameter and statistic.

A school principal surveys the mean general


A population researcher computes the average
weighted average of the students in the present
number of births per day and from a sample of
school year. From a group of 50 random
20 hospitals, he gathered a mean of 100 births.
students, a mean GWA of 86.75 is determined.

parameter
statistic
Sampling techniques

Probability
sampling

Nonprobability
sampling
Probability sampling
Techniques:
Each member of Simple Random
the population has
a known probability Systematic
of being selected in Stratified
the sample.
Cluster
Nonprobability sampling
There is bias in the Techniques:
selection and there Convenience
is no recognized
probability that one Purposive
member will be Snowball
included in the
Quota
sample.
Simple random sampling
This process
The is the most
is done
commonly
by choosing
used
the members
sampling technique.
of the sample
In this one
by one using
technique, each
either
member
lotteryof the
method or the
population hastables
an equal
of random
chance
numbers.
to be selected as a participant.
Systematic sampling

This is a random sampling


technique which considers every
nth element of the population in
the sample with the selected
random starting point from the
first q members.
Stratified sampling
The sample size of each group is
directly proportional to the size of
each group in the population.
In this sampling technique the
population is divided into groups
So,
based
>> The on certain
bigger the characteristics.
population, the
Thebigger
groupsthe
are called size.
sample STRATA.
>> The smaller the population, the
smaller the sample size.
Stratified sampling

A To get the
sample ofdesired sampleisper
100 students to stratum, this from a
be selected
formula
junior highis very
schooluseful:
population of 1,000, of which
250 are grade 7, 200 are in grade 8, 300 are in
grade 9 and 250 are in grade 10. If the sample size
𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑚 ሶ how many
is to be proportionally distributed,
* 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
samples are to be taken from each stratum?
Stratified sampling
Strata
Strata Population
Population SampleSize
Sample Size

Freshmen
Grade 7 540
250 45
25

Sophomores
Grade 8 450
200 20
38

Juniors
Grade 9 430
300 36
30

Seniors
Grade 10 380
250 32
25

Total
Total 11000
800 150
100
cluster sampling

The total population is divided


into groups called CLUSTERS.
The sample is taken through a
random selection of cluster(s)
and then all the members of the
chosen cluster(s) will be part of
the sample.
convenience sampling

This sampling technique is also


Examples
called of this technique
haphazard sampling. are:
This
sampling
>> ambush procedure
interviewis carried out
on
>> the matter
opinion pollof convenience on
the part of the researcher.
purposive sampling

This sampling technique is also


The goal of this technique is to
called judgmental or selective
carefully choose the members of
sampling because it focuses on
the population which are best
samples which are taken based
fitted to answer the research
on the judgment of the
question.
researcher.
snowball sampling
This sampling technique is
sometimes called chain-referral
sampling. This is an effective
technique especially when the
suitable participants of the
study are hard to find.
quota sampling

This sampling technique is


equivalent
In to stratified
quota sampling, the random
individuals
technique
will in probability
be selected sampling.
using purposive
The procedure is the same in
sampling.
getting the sample size.
Test Yourself!!
Identify the correct sampling technique.
In a Christmas party, every employee of
theA company
Everyteacher
researcher
asksasks
wrote
10th customer hishis
all
student,
thatstudents
or herwho
makes inisthe
name
an orderon a
Arandomly
researcher uses voting poll and
in good
piece in visual
of selected
paper
the fast-food arts,
and
chain four
whether
was sections
dropped
askedhe to
knows
out of a
itfill in
up
ambush
someone
10 interview
sectionswho to
of grade collect
has were
the12same respondents.
students.
skill.
container.
a customer Winners
satisfaction determined
questionnaire. by
drawing the names from the container.

simple random
snowball
cluster
convenience
systematic
FortiGrati

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