Lecture 6: Resultant of Coplanar

Forces

Prasad S Shirodkar
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Dept.,
Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
ME (VJTI), MS (Michigan Tech. Univ.)
find (i) Magnitude and direction of resultant of forces on board
20 N
40 N

20 N

40 N
 1m
20*cos60
A

20*sin60
20 N 40*sin30
40 N
20 N B
4m 40*cos30
4m
1m
H 40 N
 1m
20*cos60
A

20*sin60
20 N 40*sin30
40 N
20 N B
4m 40*cos30
4m
1m
H 40 N
 Parallel Force System

• In case of a parallel force system, R

• Add all forces algebraically F1 F2 F3 F4
• Apply suitable sign convention
• For e.g., +ve and  -ve O
• Resultant, 𝑅 = ↓ +𝑣𝑒 σ 𝐹 = − 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 − 𝐹4
• Calculate, moment about O Xd
• Assume sign convention, e.g. clockwise +ve
σ 𝑀@𝑂
• The location of resultant from O, d= σ𝐹
Determine the resultant of the parallel forces shown in figure.
For the force system shown in figure:
i. Resolve the force of 1200 N at C, into parallel components
at A and B.
ii. Replace the 1200 N force at C by a force – couple system
at D
For the force system shown in figure:
i. Resolve the force of 1200 N at C, into parallel components
at A and B.
ii. Replace the 1200 N force at C by a force – couple system at
D

F2 = 2000 N  F1 = 800 N 
For the force
Resolve the force
systemof 1200
shown
N at
in C,
figure:
into parallel components at
A and
i. Resolve
B. Replace
the force
theof1200
1200NNforce
at C,at
into
C parallel
by a force – couple at
components
system
A andatB.D
ii. Replace the 1200 N force at C by a force – couple system
at D
For the force system shown in figure:
i. Resolve the force of 1200 N at C, into parallel components at
A and B.
ii. Replace the 1200 N force at C by a force – couple system
at D
R = 800N, is the resultant of four concurrent forces. Find the fourth force.
 Equilibrium: Beam Reactions

Prasad S Shirodkar
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Dept.,
Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
ME (VJTI), MS (Michigan Tech. Univ.)
 Equilibrium of Force System
• A particle or rigid body is said to be in equilibrium when the external force
system acting on it, form a system of forces equivalent to zero. In other words
the resultant force and resultant moment acting on a body is mathematically
equal to zero.
• For a two dimensional force system, the equilibrium of a system is defined by
three equations, viz.
 Beam Reactions
• Beams are structural support members
• Beams are part of a typical civil structure
• A structure or a building consist of vertical support members called as
columns
• Beams are horizontal support structure, mounted on these columns
• This combined supporting structure of columns and beams is use to
support the flooring, also known as a slab
 Types of Supports and Connections
Arreste Reaction Offered No of Unknowns
Type of Support / Connections
d DOF by the Support and Description
One Unknown.
The reaction is a
force acting
1
normal to the
Balls surface at the
point of contact
 Types of Supports and Connections
Arreste Reaction Offered No of Unknowns
Type of Support / Connections
d DOF by the Support and Description
Two unknowns.
In terms of force
components FX
2 FX and FY or in terms
of resultant R,
θ
Smooth Pin, Bolt Rough Surface FY R and θ.
Hinge or bearing
Types of Beams
Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Structures (beams)
• When the three equations of equilibrium are sufficient to determine the
support reactions of a structure or beam, then the beam is said to be
statically determinate beam.
• When the equilibrium conditions alone are not sufficient to determine
the support reactions on the beam, then the beam is referred to as
statically indeterminate beam.
• When the number of support reactions (R), are equal to number of
equilibrium equations then the structure is said to statically
determinate.
• Hence we can say that, for R = 3, the structure is statically
determinate.
• When, R > 3, the structure is statically indeterminate.
Stable and Unstable Structure (Beams)
• To ensure that the structure is
statically stable, the structure or
beam should be adequately
constrained.
• For figure shown, the number of
support reactions, R = 6 ≥ 3 (no
of equations of equilibrium).
• Hence structure is indeterminate
• The structure becomes unstable
as it is partially constrained to
support load P
 Stable and Unstable Structure (Beams)

• A structure can also become unstable if the structure is improperly

constrained.
• As shown in figure, the support reaction at A, B, and C are concurrent.
• As a result the resultant moment at O is not equal to zero, (Pxd  0).
 Stable and Unstable Structure (Beams)

• Similarly, when all the support reactions are parallel to each other, the
system is unstable.
• In presence of an inclined force P, the equilibrium equation, σ 𝐹𝑥 ≠ 0.
• For R≥ 3, the beam can be unstable if the support reactions are concurrent
or parallel or some of the components form a collapsible mechanism.
 Types of Loading

Mainly four types of load acting on any beam;

1.Concentrated load
2.Uniformly distributed load (UDL)
3.Uniformly varying load (UVL)
4.Couple
 Types of Loading: Concentrated load (or point load)

1. If a load is acting on a beam is

assumed to be concentrated at a
W1 W2
single point, it is called point
load.
A B 2. There can be more that one
point load acting on a beam as
RA RB
shown in figure
 Types of Loading: Uniformly Distributed Load

For finding support reactions,

WL
W (N/m)
uniformly distributed load
can be assumed to be
A HB
concentrated at the center of
B
L
the beam, and its magnitude is
VA VB given as WL
 Types of Loading: Uniformly Varying Load

• In case of a uniformly varying

WL/3 load the intensity of the load
W (N/m)
varies from zero at point A and W
N/M at point B.
A
B HB • Here total load is represented by
area of triangle, and is located at
L/3
VB the centroid of the triangle as
VA L shown in figure
Find support reactions for following beams
Find analytically the support reaction at B and load P for the beam shown in figure if reaction at support A is zero.
Find analytically the support reaction at B and load P for the beam shown in figure if reaction at support A is zero.
Find the reactions at 20 KN/m
supports of the beam
10 KN/m
loaded as shown in the
figure

B
20 KN m

A C

2m 3m 6m 2m
Find the reactions at 20 KN/m
supports of the beam
10 KN/m
loaded as shown in the
figure

B
20 KN m

A C

2m 3m 6m 2m
Find support reactions for following beams
Find support reactions for following beams
12 KN 2 KN

2 KN / m

6m 4.5 m 1.5 m
2 KN / m

2 m 2.5 m
160 KN
For the given loading of the beam AB,
determine the range of values of the
mass of the crate for which the system
will be in equilibrium, knowing that the
maximum allowable value of the
reactions at each support is 2.5 kN and
that the reaction at E must be directed
downward
For the beam and loading shown, determine the range of
values of the distance ‘a’ for which the reaction at B does not
exceed 250 N downward or 500 N upward.
For the beam and loading shown, determine the range of
values of the distance ‘a’ for which the reaction at B does not
exceed 250 N downward or 500 N upward.
18. Determine the intensity of distributed load w KN / m at
the end C of the beam ABC for which the reaction at C is zero.
Also calculate the reaction at B.

9 KN/m w KN/m

A
C
B

1.5 m 2.1 m