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Vectors 2

This document serves as a lesson plan for understanding vectors and their components in physics. It covers vector representation, addition methods, and includes exercises for rewriting vectors in component form and determining their magnitudes and directions. Additionally, it provides useful trigonometric functions and problem-solving strategies related to vector analysis.

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Ralph James Guimba
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8 views28 pages

Vectors 2

This document serves as a lesson plan for understanding vectors and their components in physics. It covers vector representation, addition methods, and includes exercises for rewriting vectors in component form and determining their magnitudes and directions. Additionally, it provides useful trigonometric functions and problem-solving strategies related to vector analysis.

Uploaded by

Ralph James Guimba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vectors & their

Components
(General Physics 1)

Celestie C. Apita
Things we will try to achieve in this lesson:

• Perform addition of vectors. (STEM_GP12V-Ia-9)


• Rewrite a vector in component form.
(STEM_GP12V-Ia-10)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
Find the words! 1
2
• Let us have a review of 3
the concepts taught in 4
previous learning activity 5
sheets by searching for 6
fifteen (15) words or
concepts previously 7
discussed. The words may 8
have been written 9
horizontally (L-R or R-L), 10
vertically (T-B or B-T), or
diagonally (up or down). 11
Check the spelling! ☺ 12
13
• Enjoy!
14
15
N
Representation of Vectors
W E
1. Denoted with capital letters
with an arrow above it S
𝑨 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟎 𝒎, 𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕
2. An arrow is used to
represent a vector. direction
The arrow’s length (i.e. tip to
tip) denotes the vector’s
magnitude, following a scale.
magnitude
The arrow head points to the
direction of the vector. Scale: 1 unit = 10.0 m
Representation of Vectors +𝑗 Ƹ
3. Vector notation -𝑘෠
෠
Uses unit vectors (i.e. 𝑖,Ƹ 𝑗,Ƹ and 𝑘). -𝑖Ƹ +𝑖 Ƹ
The unit vectors are equal to 1. They origin
only indicate directions along the axes
on the Cartesian plane. +𝑘෠
+𝑖Ƹ along the +x-axis -𝑗 Ƹ
+𝑗Ƹ along the +y-axis
+𝑘෠ along the +z-axis
Conversely the negative unit vectors
indicate the opposite directions.
Example! Give the magnitude and direction of
the vector shown using vector notation.

+y
+x

• Scale: 1 unit = 100.0 m/s2


Try this! Give the magnitude and direction of the
vector shown using vector notation.
+y

+x

• Scale: 1 unit = 15.0 Newtons


Try this! Give the magnitude and direction of the
vector shown using vector notation.
+y

45°
+x
+z
• Scale: 1 unit = 50.0 Newtons
Quiz!
A. Give the magnitude and direction of the vectors shown using
vector notation.
1. 2.
• Scale:
• Scale: 1 unit = 25.0 m 1 unit = 30.0 m/s2

B. Draw the diagram for the vectors below. Indicate the scale
you used.
3. 𝑮=-(20.0 km) 𝒊Ƹ ෡
5. 𝑰Ԧ=-(60.0 N) 𝒌

4. 𝑯=(20.0 m/s2) 𝒋Ƹ
Vector Addition
1. Graphical method – efficiently done by drawing
diagrams (arrow representations) on the Cartesian
plane.
a. Tail-to-tail/ Parallelogram Method
b. Head-to-tail Method
2. Computational method – a result of the Principle of
Superposition…. Very useful when dealing with non-
parallel vectors.
- Component Method
Vector Addition (Graphical method )
𝐴Ԧ + 𝐵 = 𝑅

a. Head-to-tail Method b. Tail-to-tail (Parallelogram )Method

𝑩
𝑹
𝑨 𝑨
𝑹
𝑩
Vector Addition
1. Graphical method – efficiently done by drawing
diagrams (arrow representations) on the Cartesian
plane.
a. Tail-to-tail/ Parallelogram Method
b. Head-to-tail Method
2. Computational method – a result of the Principle of
Superposition…. Very useful when dealing with non-
parallel vectors.
- Component Method
You should know:
• Vectors are PARALLEL, if
they have the same
direction.
• Vectors are ANTI-PARALLEL
if they have opposite
directions.
• Vectors are EQUAL, if they
have the same magnitude
and direction.
You should know:
• GUESS format in solving problems
G – Given values
U – Unknown values
E – Equation
S – Substitution
S – Solution
• Always indicate the units of measure and express the final
answer with the proper number of significant figures.
Useful Trigonometry Functions:
• soh, cah, & toa

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜃


sin 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 𝜃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Useful Trigonometric Functions
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
• soh, cah, & toa 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝒐 𝜃
𝐬in 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝒉 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝒂
𝒄𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝒉
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝒐 0°
𝐭an 𝜃 = = 180°
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝒂 +𝑥
𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
Useful Trigonometric Functions
+𝑦
• soh, cah, & toa
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑜 𝐴𝑦 𝑨 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
sin 𝜃 = =
ℎ 𝐴 𝑨𝒚
𝑎 𝐴𝑥 (y-component
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = = 𝜃
ℎ 𝐴 of 𝑨)
𝑜 𝐴𝑦 +𝑥
tan 𝜃 = = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑎 𝐴𝑥 𝑨𝒙
(x-component of 𝑨)
𝐴𝑦
sin 𝜃 =
𝐴
𝑨𝒚 = 𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 +𝑦

ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝑥 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑨 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐴 𝐴𝑦
𝑨𝒙 = 𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
(y-component
𝜃
of 𝑨)
𝐴𝑦 +𝑥
tan 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐴𝑥 𝐴𝑥
−𝟏 𝑨𝒚
𝜽= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 (𝑨 ) (x-component of 𝑨)
𝒙
Pythagorean Theorem
2 2 2 +𝑦
𝑐 =𝑎 +𝑏
or ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑐 2 = 𝐴2𝑥 + 𝐴2𝑦 𝑨 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐴𝑥
𝑐2 = 𝐴2𝑥 + 𝐴2𝑦 (y-component)
𝜃
𝑐 = 𝐴2𝑥 + 𝐴2𝑦 +𝑥
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐴𝑥
(x-component)
Sample Problem 1: 𝑨
Solve for the 𝑹 of 𝑨 and 𝑩. 𝑩
Exercises! Try these!
Rewrite the following vectors into their component.

1. 2. 3.
𝑨 = 125.0𝑚, E 𝑪 = 316.0 𝑁, 𝑁𝑊 𝑬 = 1000.0𝑚Τ𝑠 2 , 36°𝑆𝐸
𝑩 = 550.0 𝑚Τ𝑠 , 𝑊 𝑫 = 247.0𝑁, 15°NE 𝑭 = 290.0𝑚, 36°𝑁W
Sample Problem 1: 𝑨
Solve for the 𝑹 of 𝑨 and 𝑩. 𝑩
Sample Problem 2:
𝑨
Solve for the 𝑹 of 𝑨 and 𝑭. 𝑭
Sample Problem 3:
𝑨
Solve for the 𝑹 of 𝑨 and 𝑮.
𝑮
Exercises! Try these on your own.
Determine the 𝑅 of the following vectors.

1. 2. 3.
𝑨 = 125.0𝑚, 𝑊 𝑪 = 316.0𝑚, forward 𝑬 = 1000.0𝑚, 𝑁
𝑩 = 𝟓𝟓0.0𝑚, 𝑊 𝑫 = 247.0𝑚, 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑎𝑟d 𝑭 = 290.0𝑚, 𝑆
Sample Problem 4:

Solve for the 𝑹 of 𝑨 and 𝑩.


Questions are encouraged!
Thank you!

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