See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/337000901

Smart Waste Management System Using IoT

Chapter · January 2020

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33846-6_71

CITATIONS READS

15 4,304

4 authors, including:

Bhavana V
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
28 PUBLICATIONS 317 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Bhavana V on 05 January 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Smart Waste Management System using IoT
V.Pavan Sankeerth, V.Santosh Markandeya, E.Sri Ranga, Bhavana. V
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
India
[email protected],[email protected]

Abstract. With the rapid growth of population, one of the most important
problems that India faces is waste management. The highly populated
metropolitan cities generate tons of waste every day. It is seen that a large
portion of the trash across the roadside are over loaded because the waste is
not gathered intermittently. It makes unhygienic condition for the general
population and makes awful smell around the environment. This spreads
some fatal infections and human ailment. This work proposes a brilliant
waste administration framework which will deal with proper processing of
garbage. The proposed system uses a micro controller which consists of Wi-
Fi system, ultrasonic sensors and Web Server. In this technique the bins are
equipped with ultrasonic sensors to measure the garbage level and sends
this data to a server using micro controller with Wi-Fi technology over
internet. The server monitors the garbage bins that are spread across the city
at multiple locations. The system notifies the garbage truck driver when the
garbage has to be removed based on the garbage level of the bin. The server
sends SMS to the assigned mobile number which provides a route to the
driver based on all the data collected from bins. This system makes waste
management in metropolitan cities more efficient.
Keywords: solid waste management, internet of things, sensor, smart garbage bin .

1. Introduction

The rapid growth of population in our country makes the present waste
management system inefficient. The highly populated metropolitan cities
generates tons of waste every day and it is difficult to process the waste with our
existing systems and techniques. Despite the changes in other sectors of the
country, waste management systems remain unchanged. Solid waste
management[1] is defined as storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing
and disposal of solid waste materials. The stages of the waste management system
involves: waste generation; onsite handling, storage, and processing; waste
transfer and transport; waste processing and recovery and disposal. The population
has been increasing rapidly and the garbage[2] produced everyday has also been
2

increasing accordingly. Due to many different reasons the waste that has been
produced is not processed properly, initially the waste that has been accumulated
at the bin has not been cleared properly and thus all the bins are overflowing. With
internet being accessible to everyone, every application of internet of things[3,8]
is growing rapidly, getting more efficient in solving real life problems and making
much more easier. There are many factors for the growth of IoT [9,10] such as
cost effectiveness, less maintenance and moreover the efficiency of the whole
process This paper is focused on the timely transfer of garbage from the bins to
the dumping yard and creating a system which helps in monitoring the whole
process across the city and take required actions.

2.Review of existing techniques

To understand the existing techniques, a detailed study is done and arrived with
following inerences.

Shubham Thakker, R.Narayanamoorthi [4] acquainted a strategy with discrete 5

sorts of plastic saps (which are not biodegradable) by utilizing NIR spectroscopy
and utilize the remainder of biodegradable waste to deliver biogas. It likewise
acquaints a technique with utilizing ultra-sonic sensors, GPS and GPRS module.
Doling out GSM modules and SIM cards to every waste container is unreasonable
on an immense city scale.

Belal Chowdhury, Morshed U. Chowdhury [6] introduced the use of RFID

technology. Developed an application to track the waste generated with the use of
sensor and RFID tag. The disadvantages of this method are it does not give any
notification when the bin is filled and also cannot monitor the bins; data is only
transferred when the garbage is picked up.

Sauro Longhi, Davide Marzioni[7] presented the utilization of wireless sensor

systems (WSN) to take care of issues in the field of strong waste administration
(SWM). The framework engineering depends on sensor hubs and utilizes the
transmission of data wirelessly from sensors to the servers. They send the
information regarding the bins they are attached to. The disservice of this
framework is the use of remote sensors since they are pricey.

After doing a detailed literature survey we propose a two layered system

architecture using Wi-Fi Technology[13]. The two layered architecture provides
independency to the whole system of waste management i.e. if a single embedded
bin stops working it does not affect the entire system. Instead of using GPRS
module to get the location details we are hard coding the coordinates because the
bins are not mobile. GSM module[14] is not used either to send messages, instead
we are doing it from the server which makes it even more practical because
recharging and checking the conditions of these modules over a scale of large
 3

urban city is impractical.

3. Proposed Technique

Fig.1 represents the block diagram of the proposed architecture. The proposed
sysytem is divided into two layers. The first layer is the garbage bin equipped with
sensors and micro-controller and the second layer is the Web server which
monitors all the bins across the city and takes required action. This smart waste
management system works on the principle of hardware components and a
programmed microcontroller.

Fig.1 Block diagram of the proposed architecture.

In the first layer once the system is turned on, the Arduino sketch starts running
and the Wi-Fi module[12] checks for connections and gets connected. The
ultrasonic sensor starts checking the amount of waste present in the bin. The
Arduino then sends the data to the specified IP address in the code periodically.

The level sensors are used to measure the amount of waste present in the bin. A
sensor is placed on top of the bin which avoids direct contact with the waste. Also,
ultrasonic sensors(HC-SR04) are used as level sensors[5] in this architecture
because it provides very good range of 2cm-400cm and gives accurate results.
4

The information from the level sensors are transmitted to the server utilizing Wi-
Fi. In this framework we have utilized WiFi module (ESP8266) to transmit the
information gathered from sensors to server. ESP8266 simple to work with it
become one of the main stages for the Internet of Things[11]. AT directions can
be used to interface with Wi-Fi systems

In the second layer, the web server gets the data from all the bins. If the amount of
waste in any bin is more than 70% then the server sends a message to assigned
mobile number. To get the location details of the bin, instead of using GPRS
module we hardcoded the coordinates of the bin. The message gives the directions
to the bin that needs to be cleared.

4.Implementation of the proposed methodology

Fig.2 Flow chart represntation of the implemention of proposed methodology

Fig.2 represents the flow chart representation of the implementation of the propsed
methodology which is divided into the following parts:
• Interfacing the ultrasonic sensor with Arduino.
 5

• Connecting the Wi-Fi Module to a WLAN.

• Sending the data from dustbins to server over internet.
• Using the obtained data at server and taking the required action.

Step 1: Arduino code has been developed and loaded onto the UNO to get data
from sensor.
Step 2: Interfacing the Arduino with the Wi-Fi module and connecting it to
network using AT commands.
Step 3: Updated Arduino code has been developed to send the data from sensors
and the location details to the IP address (IPA) of the server.
Step 4: This step deals with the development of server and webpage. The server
understands the data received from the embedded bins and takes required action.
If the waste in bin is more than 70% then the server sends a message to a mobile
number registered to that bin. The message provides details regarding directions to
that bin.
Fig.3 represents the hardware implementation of this proposed architecture.

Fig.3 Hardware of the embedded dustbin

5.Experimental Results
The experimental results obtained after implementing the proposed technique is
depicted as follows:

Fig.4 shows the web page interface monitoring the garbage bins and Fig.5 reprents
SMS received to the registered mobile number.
6

Fig.4 Message received from server

Fig.5 Locations to the bin which needs to be cleared

Fig.6 shows the webpage interface monitoring the garbage bins situated at
different locations in the city.
 7

Fig.6 Web page interface monitoring bins

6.Conclusion

In this work, a feasible solution for solid waste managemnt is proposed. ultrasonic
sensors (HC-SR04) and Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) are used to measure the amount
of waste in the bin and transmit the data to server. A two layered architecture is
developed using which the status of garbage bins in large urban cities can be
monitored very well. By using the data received from the bins, the server takes
actions accordingly. In this system, if the amount of waste in a bin exceeds 70% ,
then the servers intimates the assigned garbage pickup driver in the form of SMS.
The main advantage of this system is that it is very independent and transparent.
Instead of using GSM and GPRS module, the server directly send the messages
and the coordinates are being hard coded. This not only reduces the cost but also
reduces the maintenance of these embedded bins. Thus we conclude that by using
our proposed architecure, a “smart waste management system using IoT” can be
implemented in a metropolitan city.

7. Future Work
The proposed system can be further updated by adding a database to the server of
the system which gives a huge amount of data related to waste management. By
using data analytics techniques, smart decisions regarding the waste management
like optimizing pickup timings and routes can be done. By understanding the data
provided, the other departments of waste management can also be made much
more efficient. In near future with the rapid growth of technology everything gets
connected where IoT applications gets more prominent with the enormous
amount of data it produces and the system improves its efficiency.
 8

References

[1] C. K. M. Lee and T. Wu, "Design and development waste management system in Hong
Kong," 2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering
Management, Bandar Sunway, 2014, pp. 798- 802.
[2] S. V. Kumar, T. S. Kumaran, A. K. Kumar and M. Mathapati, "Smart garbage
monitoring and clearance system using internet of things," 2017 IEEE International
Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication,
Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM), Chennai, 2017, pp. 184-189.
[3] S. Balamurugan, A. Ajithx, S. Ratnakaran, S. Balaji and R. Marimuthu, "Design of
smart waste management system," 2017 International conference on Microelectronic
Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICMDCS), Vellore, 2017, pp. 1-4.
[4] S. Thakker and R. Narayanamoorthi, "Smart and wireless waste management," 2015
International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication
Systems (ICIIECS), Coimbatore, 2015, pp. 1- 4.
[5] Omara, Ahmed &Gulen, Damla&Kantarci, Burak&Oktug, Sema “Trajectory Assisted
Municipal Agent Mobility: A Sensor-Driven Smart Waste Management System” Journal of
Sensor and Actuator Networks. 7. 29. 10.3390/jsan7030029.
[6] B. Chowdhury and M. U. Chowdhury, "RFID-based real-time smart waste management
system," 2007 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference,
Christchurch, 2007, pp. 175-180.
[7] S. Longhi et al., "Solid Waste Management Architecture Using Wireless Sensor
Network Technology," 2012 5th International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility
and Security (NTMS), Istanbul, 2012, pp. 1-5.
[8] G. K. Shyam, S. S. Manvi and P. Bharti, "Smart waste management using Internet-of-
Things (IoT)," 2017 2nd International Conference on Computing and Communications
Technologies (ICCCT), Chennai, 2017, pp. 199-203.
[9] A. S. Bharadwaj, R. Rego and A. Chowdhury, "IoT based solid waste management
system: A conceptual approach with an architectural solution as a smart city application,"
2016 IEEE Annual India Conference (INDICON), Bangalore, 2016, pp. 1-6.
[10] A. S. Wijaya, Z. Zainuddin and M. Niswar, "Design a smart waste bin for smart waste
management," 2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Control, and
Automation (ICA), Yogyakarta, 2017, pp. 62- 66.
[11] Security Challenges in the Integration of IoT with WSN for Smart Grid
ApplicationsViswanathan, A., Sai Shibu N. B., Sethuraman Rao, & Dr. Maneesha V.
Ramesh In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and
Computing Research(ICCIC) (2017).
[12] Goris, L. M.,Harish, M. T., & Rao R. Bhavani “A system design for solid waste
management: A case study of an implementation in Kerala” TENSYMP 2017 - IEEE
International Symposium on Technologies for Smart Cities(2017)
[13] Kumar RP, Smys S, “A novel report on architecture, protocols and applications in
Internet of Things (IoT)” 2018 2nd International Conference on Inventive Systems and
control (ICISC) 2018 Jan 19 (pp.1156-1161). IEEE.
[14] Fachmin Folianto, “Smart bin: Smart Waste Management System”, 2015 IEEE Tenth
International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information
Processing (ISSNIP), Singapore 2015

View publication stats