Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course Name: Strength of Materials - I

Course Code: MEPC-16

Number of Credits: 4
Course Type: Programme Course (PC)
 Strength of Materials - I

Introduction of the Course

Various Structure or Machines
consist of one or more members
(components or bodies)
connected together in such a
way as to perform the desired
task. Figures 1 to 4 show various
structures/Machines.
 Strength of Materials - I

A Crane model is shown in

Figure 1. Its purpose is to
lift a heavy body from one
place and transport it to
some other place. It
consists of a number of
components connected
together.

Figure 1

Source of figure : Internet Resources

 Strength of Materials - I

Figure 2 is a picture of cut-out

model of a positive displacement
compressor. Its purpose is to
compress a fluid (liquid or gas). It
consists of a number of
components connected together
to perform compression of a
given fluid.
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Figure 2

Source of picture: Internet Resources

 Strength of Materials - I

Figure 3 has sketches

of different types of
bridge structures. Its
purpose is to support
static and dynamic
loads (weights). In a
bridge structure, a
number of
components are
connected together
to give it the desired
shape and to support
different loads. Figure 3
Source of figure: Internet Resources
 Strength of Materials - I

Figure 4 is a sketch of a simple machine

having one machine component. Its
purpose is to lift a load to a small height.

Figure 4
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All real bodies are deformable and

undergoes change in shape and size on
application of loads and thus, it is
necessary that every component of the
machine or machine as a whole must
be strong enough to withstand the
loads applied to it and it should also be
stiff enough to avoid excessive
deformations and deflection. Figures
5(a) & 5(b) illustrate difference
between response of a rigid body and a
deformable body when both are
subjected to a force system.
 Strength of Materials - I

Rigid Body Deformable Body

Figure 5 (a)
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Rigid Body Deformable Body

Figure 5 (b)
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The subjects 'Statics' and 'Dynamics' deal

primarily with the forces and motions
associated with the rigid bodies.
The subject 'Strength of Materials' which
is also known as 'Mechanics of Materials',
'Mechanics of deformable bodies‘ in the
literature, is basically statics of
deformable (elastic) bodies. Refer Figure 6
 Strength of Materials - I

Figure 6
 Strength of Materials - I

A body is called elastic if it recovers to its

original shape and size when the forces or
cause of deformation is removed. Hence, the
subject ‘Strength of Materials’ is a branch of
applied mechanics which mainly deals with the
behavior, strength and stiffness of solid
(deformable) bodies subjected to various type
of external loading. Behavior of a deformable
body also depends on its shape, size and
physical properties (obtained experimentally)
of its material.
 Strength of Materials - I

This course is divided into four units.

❑ Unit – I: This Unit consists of following two topics.

• Simple Stress and Strain
• Compound Stress and Strain

❑ Unit – II: This Unit consists of following two topics.

• Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams
• Strain Energies
 Strength of Materials - I

❑ Unit – III: This Unit consists of following three

topics.
• Centre of Gravity and Moment of Inertia
• Bending Stress in Beams
• Shear Stress in Beams

❑ Unit – IV: This Unit consists of following two

topics.
• Slope and Deflection
• Theory of Failures
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - I

Topic I: Simple Stress and Strain

 Strength of Materials - I

Simple Stress and Strain

Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.
• Concept of stress and strain,
• Normal and shear stresses,
• Hooke’s law,
• Saint Venant’s Principle,
• Modulus of elasticity,
• Modulus of rigidity,
• Stress-Strain diagram,
• Elongation due to self-weight,
 Strength of Materials - I

• Column of uniform strength,

• Composite sections,
• Statically indeterminate systems,
• Temperature stresses,
• Strain analysis,
• Poisson’s ratio,
• Volumetric strain,
• Factor of safety,
• Tensile test diagram,
• Elastic constants,
• Relation between elastic constants.
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - I

Topic II: Compound Stress

and Strain
 Strength of Materials - I

Compound Stress and Strain

Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.
• Stresses on an inclined plane,
• Principal stresses and Principal planes,
• Mohr’s stress circle,
• Three coplanar stresses,
• Ellipse of stress,
• Strain analysis,
• Principal strains,
• Mohr’s strain circle,
• Principal stresses from principal strains.
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - II

Topic I: Shear Force and

Bending Moment
Diagrams
 Strength of Materials - I

Shear Force and Bending Moment

Diagrams
Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.

• Types of Supports and Beams,

• Shear Force,
• Bending Moment,
• Relation between Load, Shear Force and Bending Moment,
• Shear Force and Bending Moment diagrams for various types
of Loading and Supports,
• Maximum Bending Moment and Point of contra flexure,
• Loading and Bending Moment diagrams from Shear Force
diagrams.
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - II

Topic II: Strain Energies

 Strength of Materials - I

Strain Energies
Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.
• Strain Energy,
• Resilience,
• Strain Energy in 3-D system,
• Shear strain energy,
• Shear strain energy in 3-D system,
• stresses due to various types of loading.
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - III

Topic I: Centre of Gravity

and Moment of
Inertia
 Strength of Materials - I

Centre of Gravity and Moment of

Inertia
Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.
• Centre of Gravity,
• Moment of an Area,
• Centroid of a uniform Lamina,
• Centroid of Laminas of various shapes,
• Moment of Inertia of Laminas of different
shapes.
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - III

Topic II: Bending Stress in Beams

 Strength of Materials - I

Bending Stress in Beams

Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.
• Stresses due to Simple Bending,
• Moment of Inertia,
• Beams with uniform bending strength,
• Composite or Flitched Beams,
• Unsymmetrical Bending,
• Determination of Principal Axes,
• Ellipse of Inertia,
• Combined Direct and Bending stress,
• Middle-Third and Middle-Quarter Rules.
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - III

Topic III: Shear Stress in

Beams
 Strength of Materials - I

Shear Stress in Beams

Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.

• Shear stress distribution,
• Variation of shear stress in Beams of various
sections,
• Any combination of sections subjected to Shear
Force,
• Built-up Beams,
• Shear Centre.
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - IV

Topic I: Slope and Deflection

 Strength of Materials - I

Slope and Deflection

Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.
• Beam differential equation,
• Slope and Deflection at a point,
• Double integration method,
• Macaulay’s method,
• Moment-area method,
• Strain Energy methods,
• Castigliano’s theorem,
• Conjugate Beam method,
• Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem,
• Deflection of beams due to shear stress.
 Strength of Materials - I

Unit - IV

Topic II: Theory of Failures

 Strength of Materials - I

Theory of Failures

Present topic is divided into following sub-topics.

• Different theories of failure,
• Significance,
• graphical representation.
 Strength of Materials - I

Reference Books:
• G H Ryder, “Strength of Materials”, ELBS, 3rd
edition, 1969
• S S Rattan, “Strength of Materials”, Tata
McGraw Hill, India, 3rd Edition, 2017
• Beer P F and Johnston (Jr) E R, “Mechanics of
Materials”, McGraw Hill Education, 7th edition,
2015.
 Strength of Materials - I

Reference Books:
• Sadhu Singh “Strength of Materials”, Khanna
Publishers, 3rd edition, 2001.
• D K Singh, “Strength of Materials”, Ane Books
India, 1stEdition , 2007.
• Popov E P, “Engineering Mechanics of
Solids”,Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2nd
edition, 1999.