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Cheatsheets / Learn Kotlin

Conditional Expressions

If Expressions

An if expression is a conditional that runs a block of var morning = true

code when its condition has a true value.

if (morning) {
println("Rise and shine!")
}
// Prints: Rise and shine!

Else Expressions

An else expression is a conditional that runs a block of var rained = false

code only when the conditions contained in the previous
expressions have false values.
if (rained) {
println("No need to water the plants
today.")
} else {
println("Plants need to be watered!")
}
// Prints: Plants need to be watered!

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Else-If Expressions

An else - if expression allows for more conditions to be var age = 65

evaluated within an if / else expression.
You can use multiple else - if expressions as long as
they appear after the if expression and before the if (age < 18 ) {
else expression. println("You are considered a minor.")
} else if (age < 60) {
println("You are considered an adult.")
} else {
println("You are considered a senior.")
}

// Prints: You are considered a senior.

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are symbols that are used to var myAge = 19

compare two values in order to return a result of true or
var sisterAge = 11
false . Comparison operators include > , < , >= , <= .
var cousinAge = 11

myAge > sisterAge // true

myAge < cousinAge // false
myAge >= cousinAge // true
myAge <= sisterAge // false

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Logical Operators

Logical operators are symbols used to evaluate the var humid = true
relationship between two or more Boolean expressions in
var raining = true
order to return a true or false value.
Logical operators include ! , && , and || . var jacket = false

println(!humid)
// Prints: false

println(jacket && raining)

// Prints: true

println(humid || raining)
// Prints: true

The AND Operator: &&

The logical AND operator ( && ) is used to compare the var humid = true
relationship between two Boolean expressions and will
var raining = true
only return a true value if both expressions are true .
var shorts = false
var sunny = false

// true AND true

println(humid && raining) // true

// true AND false

println(humid && shorts) // false

// false AND true

println(sunny && raining) // false

// false AND false

println(shorts && sunny) // false

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The OR Operator : ||

The logical OR operator ( || ) is used to compare the var late = true

relationship between two Boolean expressions and will
var skipBreakfast = true
return true when at least one of the expressions are
true . var underslept = false
var checkEmails = false

// true OR true
println(skipBreakfast || late) // true

// true OR false
println(late || checkEmails) // true

// false OR true
println(underslept || late) // true

// false OR false
println(checkEmails || underslept) //
false

The NOT Operator: !

The logical NOT operator ( ! ) evaluates the value of a var hungry = true
Boolean expression and then returns its negated value.
var full = false

println(!hungry) // false
println(!full) // true

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Order of Evaluation

The order of evaluation when using multiple logical !true && (false || true) // false
operators in a single Boolean expression is:
/*
1. Expressions placed in parentheses.
2. NOT(!) operator. (false || true) is evaluated first
3. AND(&&) operator. returning true. Then,
4. OR(||) operator.
!true && true is evaluated returning the
final result, false.
*/

!false && true || false // true

/*
!false is evaluated first returning true.
Then true && true are evaluated, returning
true. Then, true || false is evaluated
which ends up returning true.
*/

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Nested Conditionals

A nested conditional is a conditional that exists within var studied = true

another conditional.
var wellRested = true

if (wellRested) {
println("Best of luck today!")
if (studied) {
println("You should be prepared for
your exam!")
} else {
println("Take a few hours to study
before your exam!")
}
}

// Prints: Best of luck today!

// Prints: You should be prepared for your
exam!

When Expressions

A when expression controls the flow of code by var grade = "A"

evaluating the value of a variable in order to determine
what code gets executed.
when(grade) {
"A" -> println("Excellent job!")
"B" -> println("Very well done!")
"C" -> println("You passed!")
else -> println("Close! Make sure to
perpare more next time!")
}
// Prints: Excellent job!

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The Range Operator

The range operator ( .. ) is used to create a succession of var height = 46 // inches

number or character values.

if (height in 1..53) {
println("Sorry, you must be at least 54
inches to ride the rollercoaster.")
}
// Prints: Sorry, you must be at least 54
inches to ride the rollercoaster.

Equality Operators

Equality operators are symbols that are used to compare var myAge = 22
the equivalence of two values in order to return true or
var sisterAge = 21
false . Equality operators include == and != .

myAge == sisterAge // false

myAge !== sisterAge // true

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