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Sound

The document explains the nature of sound, its production through vibrations, and key concepts such as frequency, amplitude, and pitch. It also discusses echoes, the audible range of sound for humans and animals, and the relationship between sound frequency, speed, and wavelength. Additionally, it includes numerical problems related to sound propagation and echo calculation.

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deymithun0306
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14 views4 pages

Sound

The document explains the nature of sound, its production through vibrations, and key concepts such as frequency, amplitude, and pitch. It also discusses echoes, the audible range of sound for humans and animals, and the relationship between sound frequency, speed, and wavelength. Additionally, it includes numerical problems related to sound propagation and echo calculation.

Uploaded by

deymithun0306
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math’s Jyoti 7980999841


Education opens up the mind

# What is sound? How is it produced?


Sound is defined as vibrations that travel through the air or another medium as an audible
mechanical wave.
It is produced from a vibrating body. The vibrating body causes the medium (water, air, etc.)
around it to vibrate thus producing sound. The sound is produced when something vibrates.
Sound waves consist of areas of high and low pressure called compressions and
rarefactions, respectively. Vibrations that travel through the air or another medium, can be
heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear.
# Definition-
Frequency- The number of vibrations made by a particle of the medium in one second is
called the frequency of a sound wave. It is same as the number of waves passing through a
point in one second. Unit of frequency is Hz(Hertz).
Time period- The time taken for one complete oscillation to occur is called the Time Period.
It is denoted by T. Unit of Time period is Second.
1
Frequency =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
Amplitude- The maximum displacement of a wave on either side of its mean position is
called.

Pitch- Pitch is a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-
related scale, or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to
judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies.
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Math’s Jyoti 7980999841
Education opens up the mind

Difference between Pitch and Loudness-


Pitch Loudness
Pitch is related to the frequency of the Loudness is related to the amplitude of the
sound. A higher pitch corresponds to a wave and with higher amplitude is louder.
higher frequency and vice versa.
The SI unit is Hertz Loudness is measured via decibels (dB)
Pitch is proportional to frequency. Loudness is proportional to amplitude.

What is echo?
An echo is a sound caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface back to the
listener and listener can distinguish between the main sound and reflected sound. It is the
reflection of sound, arriving at the listener sometime after the direct sound.
Derive the minimum distance to hear a distinct echo by the obstacle from the source.
To hear a distinct echo the time interval between the original sound and the reflected one
must be at least 0.1s. If we take the speed of sound to be 344 m/s at a given temperature,
say at 22 ºC in air, the sound must go to the obstacle and reach back the ear of the listener
on reflection after 0.1s.
Hence, the total distance covered by the sound from the point of generation to
the reflecting surface and back should be at least (344 m/s) × 0.1 s = 34.4 m. Thus, for
hearing distinct echoes, the minimum distance of the obstacle from the source of sound
must be half of this distance, that is, 17.2 m.
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Math’s Jyoti 7980999841
Education opens up the mind

Range of Hearing
The audible range of sound for human beings extends from about 20 Hz to 20000 Hz (one
Hz = one cycle/s). Children under the age of five and some animals, such as dogs can hear
up to 25 kHz (1 kHz = 1000 Hz).
Sounds of frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic sound or infrasound. Rhinoceroses
communicate using infrasound of frequency as low as 5 Hz.
Frequencies higher than 20 kHz are called ultrasonic sound or ultrasound. Ultrasound is
produced by animals such as dolphins, bats and porpoises.
Why animals can detect earthquake before time?
It is observed that some animals get disturbed before earthquakes. Earthquakes produce
low-frequency infrasound before the main shock waves begin which possibly alert the
animals. Animals can detect the infrasonic sound that is less than 20 Hz. Thus, they can
detect earthquake before it arrives.
Relation between sound frequency(f), speed of sound(v), wave length(λ) is-
v = nλ
Numeric-
1. A sound has a frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 10 m. What is the speed of the
sound?
2. A sound has a frequency of 5 Hz and a speed of 25 ms-1. What is the wavelength of the
sound?
3. Ruthvik and Ruha hear a gunshot 2 second after it is fired. How far away from the gun
they are standing? (Speed of sound in air is equal to 330m/s)
4. A sound wave travels 2000 m in 8 s. What is the velocity of the sound?
5. Sonali heard sound of thunderbolt 5 second after she saw flash of lightning. How far is
she from the place where lightning occurs? (speed of sound = 330 m/s)
6. A man standing 48 m away from a wall fires a gun. Calculate the time after which an echo
is heard. (The speed of sound in air is 320 m/s).
7. An echo returned in 3 s. What is the distance of the reflecting surface from the source,
given that the speed of sound is 342m/s
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Math’s Jyoti 7980999841
Education opens up the mind

8. man standing 25m away from a wall produces a sound and receives the reflected sound.
Calculate the time after which he receives the reflected sound if the speed of sound in air
is 350m/s.

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