Structured Cabling (BIT3222)

Termination

Dr. Nadia IRADUKUNDA

E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]

Kigali, Rwanda
 Cable Termination

v Cable Termination is the connection of the wire/ fiber/cable to a device, such

as equipment, panels or a wall outlet, which allows for connecting the cable to
other cables or devices.
v In order to begin the Cable termination, there is planning that must take place:
n 1. Prepare for the termination by developing a strategy for the cable beginning

and end,
n 2. Making sure you have the proper tools to complete the job.

n 3. Remember the cable connection is not complete until all terminations are

properly identified and labeled!

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 Key Steps for Cable Termination

v Step 1: Determine method and length of sheath removal.

n There are several types of tools to choose from when performing sheath removal.

n The tool you use will depend on your personal preference, your budget, the
types of cabling you are using, etc. We will highlight some options in the tool
section.

v Step 2: Remove only as much of the sheath as necessary to terminate the cable
pairs and ensure that the twist of the pairs is maintained.

v Step 3: Separate, identify, and tie off binder groups.

v Step 4: Now you are ready to fix to a termination.

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Connectors/ Termination Devices

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Connectors/ Termination Devices

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2. Tools for Use with Twisted-Pair Cables
Termination
 Tools for TP
v Cable Cutting Tools/ Sheath Removal Tools
n You will need a variety of cable cutting tools depending on the size of cable you

are working with.

n For small cables a diagonal flush cutter or round cable cutter works best.

n Larger cables require a high leverage cutting tool or even a ratcheting cable

cutter.

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 Con’t
v Crimping Tools
Use only a ratcheting crimp frame with the proper crimp dies for the plugs you are
using, RJ-11, RJ-45, Cat 5, etc.

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Tools for Use with coaxial Cables
Termination
 Tools Used for Coaxial Cable Termination

v Cutting Tools
n A big in size cutter
n good set of coax cable cutters and flush cutters is required when termination coax
cabling.
n Be careful not to try cutting steel center conductors with a tool designed only for cutting
copper.
n We recommend the use of a center conductor cutter specifically designed for this
purpose.

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Con’t

v Coaxial Crimping Tools v Rule 1: Always buy ratcheting!

v Rule 2: Get a crimper with interchangeable
dies. Don't buy an entirely new tool every time
you need to crimp a new type of connector!
v Rule 3: Crimp the center pin on with a
dedicated center pin crimper. Don't use the
small crimp nest of your crimp sleeve crimper!
It simply won't deliver the reliability of an 8-
point or 12-point indent crimper.
v Rule 4: Know the proper crimp sleeve
diameter for your connector and use the
matching die. Over- or under-crimped
connectors are failures waiting to happen.

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 3. Fiber Optic Cable Termination

v Fiber Optic Cable Termination

n Optical fiber cable has become the new standard in the telecommunications world as it delivers a
much lower signal loss than copper cabling.
n By the use of light generated by a laser or a light-emitting diode (LED), a signal is carried
through the cable.
n An optical fiber is made up of two distinct elements known as the core and the cladding.

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Key Steps for Termination of Optical Fiber Cable:

v Step 1: Slide the 3 mm outer shell followed by the crimp collar down the fiber
until out of the way..
v Step 2: Using the proper tool, sever the jacket or sheath and remove it from the
cable.
v Step 3: Measure and mark the aramid yarn the specified distance from the end
of the fiber.
v Step 4: Carefully mark the correct length of buffer to be removed following
manufacturer's specifications.
v Step 5: Carefully and steadily, insert the fiber into the connector until the
connector reaches the buffer tube.

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Tools Used for Fiber optic Cable Termination

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Con’t

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SOME CABLE GUIDELINES

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 GUIDELINES-----in terms of length
Condition < 2KVA 2-5KVA >5KVA

Unshielded power lines or electrical equipment 5 inches or 12 inches 24 inches or

in the proximity to open or non-metal 12.7 cm or 30.5 cm 61 cm
pathways
Unshielded power lines or electrical equipment 2.5 inches or 6 inches or 12 inches or
in the proximity to grounded metal conduit 6.4 cm 15.2 cm 30.5 cm
pathway
Power lines enclosed in a grounded metal ------- 6 inches or 12 inches or
conduit (equivalent shielding) in the proximity 15.2 cm 30.5 cm
to grounded metal conduit pathway.

Fluorescent lighting 12 inches or 12 inches or 12 inches or

30.5 cm 30.5 cm 30.5 cm

Transformers & electric motors 40 inches or 40 inches or 40 inches or

1.02 meter 1.02 meter 1.02 meter
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Minimum bending radius for a cable

v According to EIA/TIA SP-2840A the minimum-bending radius for UTP is 4 x

cable outside diameter, about 1 inch.

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 Minimum bending radius for a cable
v For multi-pair cable the minimum bending radius is 10 x outside diameter.
v For fiber optic cables not in tension, the minimum bend radius is 10 x diameter;
cables loaded in tension may not be bent at less than 20 x diameter.
n SP-2840A states that no fiber optic will be bent on a radius less than 3.0 cm (1.18

inches).
v Minimum for pulling during installation is 8 x cable diameter,

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Recommended Cabling
Practices

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Do’s Don’ts

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Network Cable Management Guide

Dr. Nadia IRADUKUNDA

E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]

Kigali, Rwanda
 Network Cable Management Guide
v No one wants to walk into your data center or any server room and see a mass
of wires that look like multi-colored spaghetti dangling from the back of a server
rack.
n Truth be told, it can be must as deadly, too.
n Misrouted cables,
n unorganized cables,
v And that “spaghetti mess” can:
n inhibit airflow,
n increase temperatures,
n lead to premature wire and component failure,
n and can drastically increase maintenance time.

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How to Avoid a Spaghetti Mess of Network Cables

v The key is to stay organized out

of the gate.
n 1. invest time at the start

n A prior proper planning, and

organization when installing
new hardware, can save you
a ton of time and expense
in the long run.

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 Use Cable Rack
v The truth is as demand for speed and data increases, so does the size of
components. So, the cable rack could help to accommodate the cables and
equipment in a well- organized way.

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 Label Cables
v Another important aspect of network cable management is Labelling of cables
and connections.
v This may seem like a real pain when you
are initially installing cables, but how
often have you said later, “I wish I had
labelled that.”
n Labels will save you a lot of work in
the long run, but only if you use them
properly.
n Label both ends of all types of cables.

n Have a consistent labeling structure.

n Make sure other installers and

maintenance personnel understand
your labeling system and that it is
clearly defined in writing.

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Con’t

v An unclear or inconsistent labeling structure is just as useless as not having

one.
n And failing to label everything on both ends will bring confusion too.

n It is better to over label than not label enough.

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 Be the Terminator (Do correct cable termination)
v Wiggle cables once you install them.
n If you lose a connection, redo the termination.
n Terminate correctly,
n don’t rush the process to save time. It will cost you time, effort, and even money later on.
n Terminations are one of the biggest keys to efficient network cable management.

v So be the terminator.
n Terminate carefully and properly and
test your terminations as you perform
installations.
n Otherwise, like the Terminator in the
movie, you’ll be saying, “I’ll be back.”

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 Avoid Sharp Bends

v Cables may look tough, and they are, but sharp bends are not their friend.
n This can be especially tempting when you are adding components or short on

space.
n But don’t be tempted by this shortcut.

v Don’t unnecessarily twist, bend, or crimp cables.

n It can result in data loss, speed loss, and irregular network cable behavior.

n The biggest issues facing data centers today are speed, data volume, and up

time.
n Bending cables in ways they shouldn’t be is a sure way to compromise all

three.

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 Isolate Cables by type
v You should isolate cables by type.
v There are a couple of simple reasons for this:
n Isolate cables to avoid interference with other types of cables.

n Isolate cables to make connections easier to trace and troubleshoot.

v Isolate cables for easy access.

n A common example is the isolation of power cables , which can cause

electromagnetic interference with network cables, causing some serious

issues over the long run.
n This also helps avoid tangling.

n and this is where cable managers and hangers come into play.

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Con’t

v You can manage cable

bundles in any environment
using cable straps, or cables
ties of all types and sizes

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Cable Management
WHAT TO DO

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TOOLS USED IN CABLE MANAGEMENT

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CONT.

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Cable ladder can support heavy cables, cable bundles and pipes at
long support spans. Cables can enter and exit anywhere along the span.
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 CONDUIT

• Conduit is a tubing system that is designed to route and protect wiring and
cabling within a building or fixed structure.
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TRUNK: Power and Data separating tool

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Power and Data separating tool

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 Discuss the following into groups
1. If cables are not installed properly, problems such as :
n Attenuation, Next, Fext, PS Next, PS Fext, may arise.
Discuss about the aforementioned terms in cabling system.

2. Explain the roles of labelling in cables

3. Discuss the keys to rack (both vertical and horizontal) management success.
4. Explain ways how effective cable management benefits your system.

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Thank you for Your Attention
Dr. Nadia IRADUKUNDA
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]