Scribd
Upload
13 views4 pages

Inverse Functions I: Notes

The document discusses inverse functions, defining them as functions that have a unique 'y' value for each 'x' value and detailing the process of finding the inverse of a function. It explains the vertical and horizontal line tests to determine if a curve is a function or relation, and also covers inverse trigonometric functions, their restricted ranges, and differentiation and integration involving these functions. Additionally, it includes exercises for sketching functions and their inverses, as well as differentiation and integration problems.

Uploaded by

Lory Mae Alcosaba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views4 pages

Inverse Functions I: Notes

The document discusses inverse functions, defining them as functions that have a unique 'y' value for each 'x' value and detailing the process of finding the inverse of a function. It explains the vertical and horizontal line tests to determine if a curve is a function or relation, and also covers inverse trigonometric functions, their restricted ranges, and differentiation and integration involving these functions. Additionally, it includes exercises for sketching functions and their inverses, as well as differentiation and integration problems.

Uploaded by

Lory Mae Alcosaba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Inverse Functions I

Notes:
Inverse Functions:
A function is an equation that has exactly one corresponding ‘y’ value for each ‘x’ value.
- If a curve has multiple corresponding ‘y’ values for a single ‘x’ value, then it is a relation.
Since an inverse function is still a function, it must follow the same rule, in which manipulation to the domain and
range may need to be done.
The inverse of a function 𝑓(𝑥) is denoted by 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
1
- Note that 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is not the same as [𝑓(𝑥)]−1 = 𝑓(𝑥).

In order to acquire the equation of the inverse function, isolate the ‘x’ and express the original equation in terms of ‘y’,
then swap all the ‘x’ variables with ‘y’ variables and vice versa.
- E.G.:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3
2𝑥 + 3 = 𝑦
1
𝑥 = (𝑦 − 3)
2
−1 (𝑥)
1
𝑓 = 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3).
2
- As such, it is evident that the inverse function is simply the original function reflected against the 𝑦 = 𝑥 line.

If the inverse of the inverted function, is the original function (i.e.: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑓 −1 (𝑥))), then 𝑓(𝑥) is a
‘mutually inverse function’. This property can be tested by applying the horizontal and vertical line tests.
- E.G.:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 = 𝑥 3
1
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑦 = 𝑥 3
1
𝑓 −1 (𝑓 −1 (𝑥)) = 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 .

The vertical line test is an informal test that tests whether the curve is a function or a relation.
- If a vertical line is placed anywhere on the curve, and the line intersects the curve more than once, then the
curve is a relation. If the vertical line intersects the curve at most once, then the curve is a function.
As such, the horizontal line test tests whether the inverse of the curve is a function or relation.
- If a horizontal line is placed anywhere on the curve, and the line intersects the curve more than once, then then
inverse of that curve is a relation. This means that in the process of inverting the curve, manipulation must be
done to the domain and range.

p.1
Janzen Choi
Inverse Functions I

Inverse Trigonometry:
For trigonometric functions, the range of the inverse function must be restricted, as to ensure that each ‘x’ value
corresponds to exactly one ‘y’ value.

The following is 𝑦 = sin(𝑥) and 𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥), respectively.

𝜋 𝜋
- As evident, the domain and range of 𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥) is −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 and − ≤ 𝑦 ≤ .
2 2

The following is 𝑦 = cos(𝑥) and 𝑦 = cos−1(𝑥), respectively.

- As evident, the domain and range of 𝑦 = cos−1 (𝑥) is −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝜋.

The following is 𝑦 = tan(𝑥) and 𝑦 = tan−1 (𝑥), respectively.

𝜋 𝜋
- As evident, the domain and range of 𝑦 = tan−1(𝑥) is 𝑥 𝜖 ℝ and − 2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2 .

Calculus with Inverse Trigonometry:


𝑑 𝑓′ (𝑥) 𝑓′ (𝑥)
sin−1(𝑓(𝑥)) = , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ ±1. ∫ . 𝑑𝑥 = sin−1(𝑓(𝑥)) + 𝐶.
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑓(𝑥)2 √1−𝑓(𝑥)2

𝑑 𝑓′ (𝑥) 𝑓′ (𝑥)
cos −1(𝑓(𝑥)) =− , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ ±1. ∫− . 𝑑𝑥 = cos−1(𝑓(𝑥)) + 𝐶.
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑓(𝑥)2 √1−𝑓(𝑥)2

𝑑 𝑓′ (𝑥) 𝑓′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
tan−1 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 1+𝑓(𝑥)2 . ∫ 1+𝑓(𝑥)2 . 𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 (𝑓(𝑥)) + 𝐶.

p.2
Janzen Choi
Inverse Functions I

Questions:
Sketching:
1. For each of the functions below.
i) Draw a brief sketch of the function,
ii) Find the inverse of that function,
iii) Find the domain and range of the inverse function, and
iv) Sketch the inverse function.

a) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2. b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2. c) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 2. d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1.
1
e) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 . f) 𝑦 = ln(𝑥). g) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥+2 . h) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2.

2. For each of the functions below, sketch the inverse function.


1 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+5
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5. b) 𝑦 = . c) 𝑦 = . d) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2).
𝑥 2 +2𝑥 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+4

3. Using a similar approach to ‘1)’, sketch the following inverse, sinusoidal functions.

a) 𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥). b) 𝑦 = cos−1 (𝑥). c) 𝑦 = tan−1 (𝑥). d) 𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥 + 2).


𝜋 𝜋
e) 𝑦 = 2cos −1(𝑥). f) 𝑦 = cos −1(𝑥) + 2 . g) 𝑦 = 3 sin−1(2𝑥). h) 𝑦 = tan−1(𝑥) − 2 .

Differentiation and Integrating:


4. Differentiate the following equations.
𝜋
a) 𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥). b) 𝑦 = 3 cos−1 (2𝑥). c) 𝑦 = tan−1 (𝑥) − 3 . d) 𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥) cos −1 (𝑥).

sin−1 (2𝑥)
e) 𝑦 = cos−1 (𝑥 2 ). f) 𝑦 = (tan−1 (2𝑥))3 . g) 𝑦 = tan−1(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥). h) 𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥).

5. Integrate the following equations.


1 1 −𝑥−1 cos(𝑥)
a) 𝑦 = . b) 𝑦 = . c) 𝑦 = . d) 𝑦 = .
𝑥 2 +1 √1−4𝑥 2 √1−(𝑥 2 +2𝑥)2 √1−sin2(𝑥)

𝑥 2 +2𝑥+5 1 1 1
e) 𝑦 = . f) 𝑦 = (𝑥+3)2 +1. g) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+2. h) 𝑦 = .
𝑥 2 +1 √5−𝑥 2

p.3
Janzen Choi
Inverse Functions I

North Sydney Girls 2013 3U Mathematics HSC Trials:

North Sydney Girls 2013 3U Mathematics HSC Trials Question 11:

p.4
Janzen Choi

You might also like