1/8/25, 10:37 AM Lecture 1

Lecture 1
Due: 11:59pm on Monday, January 13, 2025
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

18-Karat Gold vs. 14-Karat Gold

Gold in its pure form is too soft to be used for most jewelry. Therefore, the gold is mixed with other metals to produce an alloy.
The composition of gold alloys are always calculated by mass, using the karat (kt) as a unit of measure. A karat represents a
proportion by mass of one part in twenty-four. The higher the karat value, the higher the proportion of gold in relation to the total
metal content. Pure gold is therefore 24 karat, while an 18-karat gold alloy contains (at least) 18 parts (by mass) of gold out of 24
parts total.

Part A
In a sample of 18-karat gold, 75 percent of the total mass is pure gold, while the rest is typically 16 percent silver and 9
percent copper. If the density of pure gold is ρgold = 19.3 g/cm3 , while the densitites of silver and copper are respectively
3 3
ρsilver = 10.5 g/cm and ρcopper = 8.90 g/cm , what is the overall density ρ18kt of this alloy of 18-karat gold?

Express your answer in grams per cubic centimeter to three significant figures.

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:

3
ρ18kt = g/cm

Part B Complete previous part(s)

Problem 14.1 - Enhanced - with Expanded Hints

Part A

What is the volume in mL of 60 g of a liquid with density 1100 kg/m3 ?

Express your answer in milliliters.

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:

V = mL

Problem 14.2 - Enhanced - with Expanded Hints

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1/8/25, 10:37 AM Lecture 1
Cylinders A and B have equal heights. Cylinder A is filled with benzene. The diameter of cylinder B is half that of cylinder A ,
and cylinder B is filled with glycerin.

Part A
What is the ratio of the fluid mass in cylinder B to that in cylinder A ?

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:

mB
=
mA

Anderson Video - Pressure with a U Tube

First, launch the video Pressure with a U-Tube. After watching the video, answer the follow-up question below.

Part A
One end of a U-tube is attached to a box with some gas and the other end is open to the atmosphere. Mercury
(ρm = 13,600 kg/m3 ) is placed into the tube and is at rest at different levels in the tube's sides. What is the difference
between the levels of the liquid if the pressure of the gas is P = 118000 Pa ? Assume atmospheric pressure is 101,300 Pa .
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
ANSWER:

d =

Problem 14.8 - Enhanced - with Expanded Hints

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1/8/25, 10:37 AM Lecture 1
A 110-cm -thick layer of oil floats on a 130-cm -thick layer of water.

Part A
What is the pressure at the bottom of the water layer?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:

p =

Reading Quiz 14.02

Part A
What factors contribute to pressure?

Select all that apply.

Mechanical

Thermal

Inertial

Viscous

Gravitational

Electrical

Anderson Video - Hydraulic Lift

First, launch the video Hydraulic Lift. After watching the video, answer the follow-up question below.

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1/8/25, 10:37 AM Lecture 1

Part A
In the following picture, a hydraulic lift balances two masses. Solve for m2 if m1 = 80 kg, and the diameters are
d1 = 1.0 m, and d2 = 3.0 m.

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

m2 =

Problem 14.14 - Enhanced - with Hints and Feedback

Part A
What is the minimum hose diameter of an ideal vacuum cleaner that could lift a 11 kg dog off the floor?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:

d =

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1/8/25, 10:37 AM Lecture 1

Problem 14.13 - Enhanced - with Feedback

Part A
How far must a 2.0-cm-diameter piston be pushed down into one cylinder of a hydraulic lift to raise an 9-cm-diameter piston
by 25 cm?

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

Problem 14.12

Part A
What is the height of a water barometer at atmospheric pressure?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER:

Pressure on a Dam

As the reservoir behind a dam is filled with water, the pressure that the water exerts on the dam increases. Eventually, the force
on the dam becomes substantial, and it could cause the dam to collapse. There are two significant issues to be considered: First,
the base of the dam should be able to withstand the pressure ρgh , where ρ is the density of the water behind the dam, h is its
depth, and g is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity. This means that the material of which the dam is made needs to
be strong enough so that it doesn't crack (compressive strength).

The second issue has to do with the strength of the foundation of the dam. The water pressure exerts a clockwise torque on the
dam, shown in . The foundation of the dam should be strong enough so that the dam does not topple. The material has to be
strong enough that the dam does not snap (shear strength).

To study this phenomenon, consider the simple model of a dam depicted in . A reservoir of water (density ρ) behind the dam is
filled to a height h. Assume that the width of the dam (the dimension pointing into the screen) is L .

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1/8/25, 10:37 AM Lecture 1

Part A
Consider a horizontal layer of the dam wall of thickness dx located a distance x above the reservoir floor. What is the
magnitude dF of the force on this layer that results from adding the water to the reservoir?
Express your answer in terms of x, dx, the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity g , and any quantities from
the problem introduction.

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:

dF =

Part B
The force of the added water produces a torque on the dam. In a simple model, if the torque due to the water were enough
to cause the dam to break free from its foundation, the dam would pivot about its base (point P). What is the magnitude τ of
the torque about the point P due to the water in the reservoir?

Express your answer in terms of quantities given in the problem introduction and the magnitude of the acceleration
due to gravity g .

You did not open hints for this part.

ANSWER:

τ =

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