Si

ll
imanUnivers
ity
Col
l
egeofEngi
neeri
nga ndDesi
gn
Depa
rtmentofArchi
tect
ure

Re
xanderAl
enF
.Va
ler
iano BSAr
-I
I F
ebr
uar
y12,
2024

ARCHT22(
2018)
-A(
LECL
AB)Ar
chi
tec
tur
alDes
ignI
V-S
pac
ePl
anni
ng1 | Ar
./
Eng
r.J
oel
B.J
ucom
 I
ntr
oducon

Wh
ati
saBu
sTe
rmi
nal
?
-a .
k.a.t
ermi nus ,i
sat y
peofpa s
sengert
ermi
nalwheeabusr
r out
est
art
sor
ends,whe r
ev ehiclesstop,t
urnorr
e ve
rse,
andwaitbe
for
edeparng
ontheirretur
nj ourne ys.
-whe re pas sengersboard and
ali
ghtfromv ehicles.
- oe n pr ov i
des a
convenient poi nt whe r
e
serv
icesc a
nbec ontrol
led
fr
om.

The f a
stg rowth of
populaon ha s pr oporonal
l
y
i
ncreased t ra
nsport de mand t hat t r
igge
rs
tr
ansport
aonde vel
opme nta
nda dvanc
esina ut
omo v
et ec
hnol
ogy
.I nr
espons
etothesedemands
,the
gover
nme ntaugmentedthenaonalbudgeta
ppropri
aonfort
hecons
truconandimpr
ove
me ntoft
her
oads
andhighwaynetworks
.

Thee x
pansionofroadsande x presswayne t
wor ka r a ctsmor ecapit
alinv
estme
nti ntr
a ns
portaon
busi
ness.Air
-condioned buse
soffe ra mor es uitabl ea nd r e l
i
a bl
es erv
ice
sov era long dis
tanttr
ip.
Consequent
ly
,thee ffici
entandmor ec omf ortablehi g h-spe edbus estra
nsformedlandt
ranspor
taona st
he
l
eadingme a
nsofpubli
ctrans
port.
(Pl
anni
ngandDe
signe
rshandbook
,Faj
ardoJ
r.
)
 I
ntr
oducon

YD
WH OWEN
EEDT
HEM?

Si
nc emos
tpe opl
edonotownapr ivatemot orvehi
cle
,buse
sareawayoflife.Buster
minalsbec
omeone
ofmosti mpor
tantwaystogetaroundal argec it
y,ande v
enmor etotr
avelf
r om onecit
yt oother
.Thisi
s
promi
ne nti
nma nydevel
opi
ngcountr
iessucha sthoseinAsi
aandL anAme r
ica
. (Boquet
,2013)Buster
minal
s
ma ya
lsobeusedforparki
ngbet
we enjourneysforbus e
swhichareawayf
romt he i
rhomeba s
es.
 I
ntr
oducon

TYPES OF BUS TERMINALS

1.InterCit
yBusT erminal
usual
lylocatedin downt own corea c
cessi
bl
e
di
rec
tlybylocal
bus,ta
xianda uto.Thi
stypeofter
minal
i
ncl
ude slongha ulorpa c
kag ee xpr
essservi
cesand
pr
ovi
de sgreat
ernumbe rofbusmov e
me nts
.

2.UrbanSuburbanCommut erTer
mi nal
apass
engercol
le
cona nddis
tri
bu once nt
erora
rapi
dtrans
itfe
e derst
aon.Itisc har
acte
rizedbya
di
v e
rsi
fiedbusr
outeandhi
ghturnovercommut ert
ype
busoperaons.

3.Airpor tCi t
yTermi nal
pr
ima ri
l
yi ntendedf ort hetransportofa i
rli
ne
pass
engersfrom t heurbanc entert
ot hema j
ora i
rpor
t
i
tisserv
ing.T het erminalisaccess
ibl
ebyl oca
lt r
ansi
t
sy
stem,taxia nda utos.Itg ivesi
nformaonoft he
sc
heduledde pa rt
ureanda r r
iv
a l
offlight
sincl
udingthe
pr
e-c ke nga ndc heck-i
nfa ci
lies.

4.SuburbanI nterP
rovinceTerminal
a peri
phera
lt ype desi
g nedt oa voi
dt raffic
congesons .I
tiss ome me srefe
rredtoa sparkand
ri
det er
minalbecausetheacce
s si
spri
ma ri
l
ys e
rvedby
auto.Thi
stypeofte r
minali
susuall
yonestorybui
ldi
ng
ofsimpleconst
rucon.
 Pl
anni
nga
ndCons
ider
a ons
TERMI
NALPL
ANNI
NG AND CONSI
DERATI
ONS
Atthes t
artofat er
minalpl
anningproj
ect
,ther
eareanumberofkeyte
r mi
nalpl
anni
ngcons
ide
raons
withr
ami ficaonsf ortheter
minal
'sulma tedes
ignt
hatshoul
dbeexpl
ore
da nddi
scuss
edwit
hthetermi
nal
spons
orsa ndst
a k
eholders
.Thefol
lowingwil
lbethet
ermi
na l
pla
nni
ngcons
ideraons:

•Mi
ssi
on •Bal
anc
e

•L
eve
lofS
erv
ice •Pas
senge
rconv
eni
enc
e

•F
lex
ibi
l
ity •S
ecur
it
y

•Way
findi
ngandT
ermi
nal
Signage •Ac
ces
sibi
l
ity

•Mai
nte
nanc
e •S
iteandL
oca on

•L
otS
izeandS
hape •Vol
umeandT
ypeofBus

F
uncona
li
ty

Pr
imar
il
yinc
ludespr
oce
ssi
ngof
vehi
cl
es,
pass
eng
ers
,et
c.wi
thpr
ovi
si
onof
nece
ssar
yfa
cil
iesf
orsmooth
flow.Abustermi
na ls
erv
esasapoi
ntanduni
twher
eneces
sar
yinf
ormaontouseri
smadeava
il
ablefor
proc
ess
ing
.

Funconal
it
yinRelaonto F
unconal
it
yinRel
aonto I
mpor
tantt
oNot
e:
BothPa
sse
ngersandVehi
cl
es Pa
sse
nge
rs(Pr
ovi
si
ons
)

•Conc
ent
ra on •Pla ormsf orElderlyand
•L
oadi
ng Disabl
ed
The mos t s i
gnific
ant pl a
nni
ng
•Di
spe
rsal •TickengF ac i
l
ie s re
quirementin a BusT ermina
listhe
•WaingL ounge s prov
isi
onsforpar
kingspace.
•Unl
oadi
ng
•Re st
rooms Thea r
eas houl
dmi nimizewalki
ng
•BaggageS torageF acil
ies dis
tancetotheterminalprovi
dedwit
ha
cover
edwa l
kconne cngt hepark
inga
rea
•Comme rc
ialFacilie s totheter
minalbuil
ding.
•U l ies,Servi
ces,and
Theina ndoutmoveme
ntshoul
d
Ame nie s a
voi
d t r
affic c ong
esons a
long t
he
•Informa onS ystem a
dja
centart
eri
es.

•She l
terf
romWe ather Themoveme ntofbot
hpass
enger
s
•Communi ca onandP os
tal and vehi
cl
esa t t he sa
me lev
elis
i
ne v
it
abl
e.He nce
,i tisimpe
rav eto
Facil
ie s provi
deas a
fetyme as
ureins
eparang
•Ea ngF acil
ie s thetwomovements.
 Pl
anni
nga
ndCons
ider
a ons

G
ene
ral
Fl
owo
fBu
sTe
rmi
na
ls

Pas
se
nge
r
F
lo
wofBu
s
T
er
min
al
s
 S
pac
eRequi
rement
s

S
pac
eRe
qui
reme
nts
A.
Publ
i
cSea ng

Publ
icseang s
houl
d be di
rec
tlyaccess
ibl
etothe
c
onc
ourseare
apr
ovi
dedwit
hdri
nki
ngfount
ain,t
ras
hba
ske
ts,
a
ndcl
ocks.
1Seat/3Pas
senger
s
P
rov
ideones
eatf
ore
ver
ythr
eepas
senge
rs.

Thenumbe rofpass
engersi
scal
cul
atedbymulply
ingt
he
numberofloadingber
thsbyanav er
agebuscapac
it
ybetwe
en
35to38persons.An8berthsl
oadi
ngpla or
mtermi
nalr
equi
res x
seangbetwe en93to101pe r
sons
-
Ex
ampl
e
No.of
3=93P
8x35=280/ ass
engerSe
a ngs 35-38
L
oading x
3=101P
8x38=304/ ass
engerSe
a ngs Bert
hs Pass
engers

B.
Tic
ke ngF
aci
l
ity

Thenewconceptofte
rminalc k
e ngf a
cil
i
tyistheopen
counte
rsi
ncont
ras
twi t
htheol
dc age
dwi ndow.Thenumberof
sel
li
ngposionsors taona g
e nt
sv a
rie
swi ththeope r
aon
poli
cy.
1Pos
iti
on/25-
30Seat
s
Onthea
vera
ge,onepos
ioni
spr
ovi
dedf
ore
ach25t
o30
waingr
oomseats
.

Thelengt
hofthecount
erspa
cedependsontheindiv
idual
car
ri
eroperaona ndthe ck
e ngequi
pme ntus
edwhichva r
ies
fr
om90c mt o150cmperposionorabout4.5t
o5.5s
q. meters
perposion.

hec
T ount
erhe
ighti
sus
ual
l
y105c
en me
ter
s.
 S
pac
eRequi
rement
s

C.
TheBa
gga
geRoom

10% OF
Ba
gga
geroommus thaveanar
eaofabout10%oft
hetot
al
AREAOR
bui
l
dingareaorconta
ina bout4.
5sq.me ter
sforeachbus
4.5SQM
l
oadi
ngbert
horwhiche
v eri
shig
her
.
BAGGAGE
ROOM
Thebagga
geroom s
houl
dbeac
cess
ibl
etobothpubl
i
cand
concour
seequi
ppedwit
hsta
ndar
dmeta
lrac
ksabout4or5 er
s f
oreac
h
highorbag
gagest
orag
e.
L
OADI NG
Ac ert
ainporonoftheba
ggag
eroom i
ssome me sus
ed BERTH
f
orpack
a g
ee xpr
esss
erv
icef
unconi
ngwit
houti
nte
rfe
ringwit
h
t
heconcours
et r
affic.

D.
TheDi
spa
tchOffic
e E
.Offic
es

T
he dispat
ch offic e c ontr
ols al
l bus
es Al
lte
rmi
nal
sre
qui
rea
noffic
espa
cer
ega
rdl
ess
movement
s.I
tisl
ocat
eda tt
hec oncour
sef
ordi
rec
t ofi
tsty
pe.
obs
ervaonoftheloa
dingbert
hs.
T
heareade
pendsupont
het
ypea
nds
iz
eof
Theoffices i
zecoul
dbef r
om 4.
5to14sq. t
het
ermi
nal
.
met
ers
.The publ
iclocke
rsa nd t
ele
phone
sare
r
eve
nuespr
oduci
ngfa
c i
l
ie s.
 S
pac
eRequi
rement
s

DESI
GN OFPEDESTRI
AN
FORTERMINALPASSENGERS

Thedesi
gnofpe dest
ri
anfaci
liesdependsuponthety
peoftermi
nalandi
tspede
str
iant
rafficl
ayout
.
Commuterpassengerter
minalhasex
tremebutshortpea
ktrafficandrepe vepass
enger
sflow.Unl
i
kethe
l
ongdist
ancetr
av e
ltermi
nal,pas
seng
ersareunfa
mili
arwi
ththefa
cil
iesandpea
ktrafficlev
elt
hatmayst
ay
fors
evera
lhours
.

Ac c
ordi
ngtoJohnJ.F
rui
n"Thechal
leng
etot
heter
minal
desi
gneri
stoba
lanc
ethespac
erequi
rementf
or
acomf ort
abl
ea ndaest
he ca
ll
yplea
singhumanenv
ir
onmentag
ains
tthespa
cerest
rai
ntsc
aus
e dbybui
ldi
ng
configuraona ndcost
.

T
heCor
ri
dor

Cor
ridorminimum widt
hi sbase
dont hepedest
ri
antrafficflow v
olumemi
nustheal
l
owa
ncef
or
di
sr
up v
et ra
ffice l
ements
.
50cm
Suc
has :col
umns,
news s
tand,
stai
rway
s,andwi
ndowshopper
s. spac
ing

Thec or
ri
doriss
ome me sus
eda swa ingar
eaorpass
eng
e rl
i
neuptopur
cha
se ck
e t
s.Underthi
s
condion,theleng
thc dbee
oul smat e
dat50c mperpe
rsons
pac
ing.
Themi
ni
mumpraccalflowthrougha
corr
idori
sabout80pe
r s
onspe
rmeterwidt
hper
minute(PMM) .

Foranormalwa l
ki
ngspeedandavoi
dance
oftra
fficc onfli
cts
,theflowv ol
umeisequi
val
ent
to 15 PMM orl ess
.F orcommuterter
minal
whe r
er epe v e peaksand spac
er es
trai
nt
occurs
,theval
uecouldbefr
om35t o50PMM.
 S
pac
eRequi
rement
s

20-
60PPM

20-
60PPM

T
heE
ntr
anc
e

Thema x
imum c
apa
ciyofaf
t r
eeswi
ngi
ngdoorisabout60pe
rsonspe
rmi
nut
ewi
the
xpe
cte
dfr
eque
nt
t
rafficcong
esonsduetost
andandwa
ita
ttheent
rancearea
.

Ane smat
ed40pe r
sonsperminuteflowswillbecons
ide
redasbusysi
tua onwit
hoc
cas
iona
ltr
affic
di
sr
up onsWhe
. ref
reeflowingi
sdes
ired,20pe
rsonsflowperminut
eshoul
dbeadopted.

T
heS
tai
rs

Ac
cordi
ngtothest
udyma debyJ ohnJ .Frui
n,"Thehumanloc
omo ononsta
irsi
s
muchmor esty
li
zedandr e
s t
ric
tedt hanwa l
ki
nga tl
evelfloorbec
auseofthe
rest
rai
ntimposedbyt hedime ns i
onalconfigur
aonoft hes
tai
rs
,phys
ica
l
exeron,andconcernsforsafet
y .
”

Themax i
mum flowofpe opleonstai
rway
i
sabout52pe r
sonsperme terwidthofstai
rway
permi nuteintheupwa r
ddi -
re con. Anaver
a g
e
ofa bout1.8squaremeterspe rpe r
sonorhoreis
required be f
ores tai
rl ocomo on be come s
norma landt r
aficconfli
ctswithot herpedest
ria
n
canbea voided.Thi
sise qui
v alentto15PMM
volumeflowst hatusual
lyuse dint ermi
nalthat
donotha veacutepeakpa e rn.

T
heris
erofst
airhasag
rea
tsigni
fica
nceimpactonhumanl
ocomo on.As
tandar
d17c
m.r
is
erhe
ightor
l
esspers
tepwil
li
ncreas
epedes
tri
anspeedcont
ri
bu ngtotr
afficeffici
ency.
 S
pac
eRequi
rement
s

BUSCONSI
DERATI
ONS
T
hephy
sic
aldi
mens
ionsa
ndma
neuv
era
bil
i
tyoft
hebusdi
ct
ate
stheme
asur
eme
ntsof
:

•Wi
dthoft
heRoadway
. •T
heS
hapeofPl
a or
m.

•T
heCol
umnS
pac
ing. •T
heCe
il
ingHe
ight
s.

•BusL
eve
lDe
sign.