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Operating System ECET

The document discusses process scheduling in operating systems, emphasizing its importance in multiprogramming environments where multiple processes share CPU time. It outlines the types of process scheduling queues maintained by the OS, including job, ready, and device queues, and describes the two-state process model of running and not running. Additionally, it identifies three types of schedulers: long-term, short-term, and medium-term, which manage the selection and execution of processes.

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5 views

Operating System ECET

The document discusses process scheduling in operating systems, emphasizing its importance in multiprogramming environments where multiple processes share CPU time. It outlines the types of process scheduling queues maintained by the OS, including job, ready, and device queues, and describes the two-state process model of running and not running. Additionally, it identifies three types of schedulers: long-term, short-term, and medium-term, which manage the selection and execution of processes.

Uploaded by

cse4671
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT - II

Processes: Process Concept, Process scheduling, Operations on processes, Inter-process communication.

Threads and Concurrency: Multithreading models, Thread libraries, Threading issues.

CPU Scheduling: Basic concepts, Scheduling criteria, Scheduling algorithms, Multiple processor
scheduling.

Process scheduling:
The process scheduling is the activity of the process manager that handles the removal of the running
process from the CPU and the selection of another process on the basis of a particular strategy. Process
scheduling is an essential part of a Multiprogramming operating systems. Suchoperating systems allow
more than one process to be loaded into the executable memory at a time and the loaded process
shares the CPU using time multiplexing.

Process Scheduling Queues

The OS maintains all PCBs in Process Scheduling Queues. The OS maintains a separate queue for each of
the process states and PCBs of all processes in the same execution state are placed in the same queue.
When the state of a process is changed, its PCB is unlinked from its current queue and moved to its new
state queue.

The Operating System maintains the following important process scheduling queues −

 Job queue − This queue keeps all the processes in the system.
 Ready queue − This queue keeps a set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and
waiting to execute. A new process is always put in this queue.
 Device queues − The processes which are blocked due to unavailability of an I/O device
constitute this queue.

––––
The OS can use different policies to manage each queue (FIFO, Round Robin, Priority, etc.). The OS
scheduler determines how to move processes between the ready and run queues which can only have
one entry per processor core on the system; in the above diagram, it has been merged with the CPU.

Two State Process Model

1. Running

2. Not Running

Running: In the Operating system, whenever a new process is built, it is entered into the system, which
should be running.

Not Running:The process that are not running are kept in a queue, which is waiting for their turn to
execute.Each entry in the queue is a point to a specific process.

Type of Process Schedulers:


Schedulers: Schedulers are special system software which handles process scheduling in various
ways.Their main task is to select the jobs to be submitted into the system and to decide which process to
run. Schedulers are of three types −

 Long-Term Scheduler
 Short-Term Scheduler
 Medium-Term Scheduler

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