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The D and F Block Elements BBK 24

The document discusses transition elements, their properties, and characteristics, including oxidation states, stability, and bonding. It explains why certain elements like Zn, Cd, and Hg are not considered transition elements, and details the reasons behind the color of their compounds, catalytic activity, and formation of alloys. Additionally, it covers the differences in behavior between 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals, as well as the effects of lanthanoid and actinoid contractions.

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11 views2 pages

The D and F Block Elements BBK 24

The document discusses transition elements, their properties, and characteristics, including oxidation states, stability, and bonding. It explains why certain elements like Zn, Cd, and Hg are not considered transition elements, and details the reasons behind the color of their compounds, catalytic activity, and formation of alloys. Additionally, it covers the differences in behavior between 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals, as well as the effects of lanthanoid and actinoid contractions.

Uploaded by

anushreeshukla772
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The d – and f- block Elements

Q-1 What are transition elements ?


Ans –Incompletely filled d –orbital in ground state or in any one of their oxidation state .
Q-2 Why Zn ,Cd and Hg are not regarded as transition elements ?
Ans – Do not have partly fiiled d –orbital in ground state or in any one of their oxidation state .
Q-3 Why do transition elements exhibit higher enthalpy of atomization ?
Ans –Due to stronger interatomic interaction .
Q-4 Transition elements have high melting and boiling points ?
Ans – Due to strond metallic bond .
Q-5 Why Zn ,Cd and Hg are soft and have low melting and boiling points ?
Ans – Due to weak metallic bonds present in them as all the electrons in d-subshell are paired .
Q-6 Why do transition elements shows variable oxidation states ?
Ans –Due to participation of (n-1)d and ns electron in bond formation .
Q-7 Name a transition element which does not exhibit variable oxidation states .
Ans- Scandium .
Q-8 Which of the 3d series of the transition metals exhibits the largest number of oxidation states
and why ?
Ans - In 3d series Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 as it has maximum no. of unpaired e- .
Q-9Which metal in the first transition series exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequently and why ?
Ans –Cu has the electronic configuration 3d10 4s1 .It can easily lose 4s1 electron to give the stable
3d10configuration .
Q-10 Why is the highest oxidation state of a metal exhibited in its oxide or fluoride only ?
Ans – Oxygen and fluorine have small size and high electronegativity .Hence,they can oxidize the metal
to the highest oxidation state .
Q-11 Cu+ is not stable in aqueous solution .Why ?
Ans- Many Cu(I) compounds are unstable in aqueous solution and undergo disproportionation.
2Cu+ → Cu2+ + Cu
The stability of Cu2+ rather than Cu+ is due to more –ve hydration enthalpy of Cu2+ than Cu+ which is
much more and compensate for the II ionisation enthalpy .
Q-12 Transition elements form coloured compounds . Why ?
Ans- Due to d-d transition .
Q-13 Why is Cu2+ ion coloured while Zn2+ ion is colourless in aqueous solution ?
Ans –Presence of unpaired e- showing d-d transition in Cu2+ while in Zn2+ there is no unpaired electron .
Q-14 Transition elements form alloys .Why ?
Ans – Due to similar metallic radii .
Q-15 Most of the transition elements are paramagnetic .Why ?
Ans – Due to presence of unpaired electron in (n-1) d subshell.
Q-16 Which is the stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+ and why?
Ans – Cr2+ is the stronger reducing agent because in case of Cr2+ to Cr3+ change in configuration is from
d4 to d3 and in Fe2+ to Fe3+ the change is from d6 to d5. In medium like water d3 is more stable as
compared to d5 due to half filled t2g configuration.
Q-17 Why do transition metals and their compounds show catalytic activity ?
Ans- Because of multiple oxidation state / ability to form complex / having large surface area .
Q-18 Why transition metals form large number of interstitial compounds ?
Ans- Because small non metallic atoms (H,B,C,N etc) are able to fit in the interstitial sites of transition
metal lattice to form interstitial compounds .
Q-19 The 4d and 5d series of transition metals have more frequent metal –metal bonding in their
compounds than 3d series .Explain .
Ans –In the same group of d-block elements ,the 4d and 5d transition elements have larger size than that
of 3d element .Thus the valence electrons are less tightly held and hence can form metal metal bond
more frequently .
Q-20 The E0 (M2+/M) value for copper is positive (+0.34 v) .What is possible reason for this ?
Ans- Due to high enthalpy of atomization and low enthalpy of hydration .
Q-21 Co2+is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of complexing agent ,it is easily oxidised .Why ?
Ans-In the presence of complexing agent ,oxidation state of Co changes from +2 to +3 due to CFSE
which is more and compensate the ∆iH3 .
Q- 22 E0 for Mn3+/Mn2+ is more positive than for Fe3+/Fe2+ . Why ?
Ans – Mn3+has the configuration 3d4 while that of Mn2+ is 3d5 .So Mn3+ easily undergo reduction to Mn2+
having stable 3d5 configuration resulting in higher value of standard reduction potential .
Fe3+ is more stable than Fe2+ because of having 3d5 configuration and reduction to Fe2+ will not be
easy resulting in the decreased value of E0 .
Q-23 Zr and Hf have almost identical radii?
Ans - Due to filling of 4f orbitals which have poor shielding effect / lanthanoid contraction.
Q-24 La(OH)3 is a stronger base than Lu(OH)3?
Ans – As the size of lanthanoid elements decreases from La3+ to Lu3+ covalent character of hydroxide
increases hence basic strength decreases .
Q-25 The d1 configuration is very unstable in ions. Why ?
Ans – The ions with d1configuration have the tendency to lose the only electron present in d-subshell to
acquire stable d0 configuration .
Q-26 Transition metal forms complex compounds . Why ?
Ans -- It is due to :-
a) Small size .
b) High nuclear charge.
c) Availability of vacant d-orbitals of suitable energy to accept lone pair of electrons donated by ligands.
Q-27Actinoid contraction is greater in magnitude than lanthanoid contraction .Why ?
Ans - Actinoid contraction is greater in magnitude than lanthanoid contraction due to poor screening
effect of 5f orbital as compared to 4f orbital .
Q- 28 Actinoids exhibit large number of oxidation states . Why ?
Ans - Actinoids exhibit large number of oxidation states due to the fact that 5f ,6d and 7s levels are of
comparable energies .

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