Exploring the Use of Social Media in Science Learning Environments: A

Systematic Literature Review

Pinky Kusuma Ningtyas1*, Hayuni Retno Widarti1, Parlan Parlan1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Social media is one of the platforms that is popular and familiar to various circles. This technology has
penetrated multiple fields, especially education. Many studies have shown the use of social media in the learning process. This
study aims to explore the use of social media in science learning environments and their impacts. The method used is a
Systematic Literature Review with several stages: Identification, Screening, and Inclusion. This systematic literature review used
several databases, including Springer, Wiley, and ERIC. The study was limited to the last eight years, from 2016 to 2023. After
screening using the PRISMA method, 30 articles were obtained and used as literature material. The study results show that
social media can be one of the media used in learning science. Social media, which are often used in learning, include Facebook,
Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, and WhatsApp. Science learning that requires visualization is suitable if learned using social
media. The use of social media in this learning also needs to be adjusted to the characteristics and features owned. The findings
in the article report that social media positively affects collaboration skills, knowledge, motivation, and student-centered
learning. However, there are negative impacts of using social media that disrupt privacy. In addition, there is a need for training
at each institution so that the use of social media is more optimal.
Keywords: Social media, Science learning, Technology

1. INTRODUCTION 67% of the world's population uses social media or blog

Electronic and digital communication technology has sites, and 10% of total internet usage time is spent on social
revolutionized learning by increasing technological and media (Rahman et al., 2021). Social media consists of
social connectivity, including the development of Web 2.0. several activities such as interacting with friends, posting
The use of Web 2.0 makes it easier for users to share pictures and videos, engaging in conversations with public
information. One of the main features of the second- topics, watching news, real-time web chat, and elements
generation Internet is sharing so that users can interact with that enable networking, communication, and collaboration.
each other (Szeto et al., 2016). This technological Material with much visualization requires technology’s role
advancement has shifted the world of education, changing in delivering information (Motzko & Dennis, 2023).
the perception of e-learning and mobile learning. Mobile One of the learnings that requires visualization is in the
learning has become a significant need in education, and science learning environment. The learning environment is
many applications have been developed to support the the physical and social context in which learning occurs,
learning process (Zhao et al., 2021). One of the mobile which can be in the form of classroom interaction between
learning and e-learning that has been developed is social teachers and students (Ibragimov et al., 2023). The learning
media-based learning. This learning is more flexible in environment influences student achievement and
distributing information, thus causing academic involvement, especially in science education. Science is an
effectiveness (Hanif & Imran, 2022). understanding of the universe and living things through
Social media-based learning is constructive in delivering observation using structured procedures with scientific
learning materials. Social media is an internet-based methods in making decisions (Stevi & Haryanto, 2020).
technology that is easily accessible, so it proliferates among
adolescents and young adults (Demir, 2018). Some surveys
Received: 25 February 2024
also show that social media is widespread even though
Revised: 21 June 2024
most of its use has yet to be focused on education. Around Published: 30 July 2024
a

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Journal of Science Learning Article

Most science materials are abstract, conceptual, and received attention is datafication, a trend that causes human
complex, requiring visualization. Educators must convey interactions to be monitored, analyzed, and modified
concepts with concrete visualizations so they are easy to (Marín et al., 2022). Some social media users sometimes feel
understand and no misconceptions occur. Conventional annoyed by the presence of notifications.
learning makes students feel bored because the material is Based on previous research shows that social media can
difficult to understand. Using adequate media can build be a student-centered medium and create independent
students' understanding and interest, especially in learning (Cathala et al., 2022). A survey from (Salih et al.,
conceptual and abstract material (Nurhayati et al., 2020). 2022) shows that social media increases learning in urgent
Audiovisual media with visual and audio combination situations. However, there is an assumption that its use may
features will incredibly help mastery of concepts and avoid cause privacy disruptions and several other negative
misconceptions (Stevi & Haryanto, 2020). In addition, impacts (Lundgren et al., 2022). Therefore, it is necessary
students will prefer flexible and easy-to-use learning media. to conduct further literature studies on the use of social
This is very much in line with the characteristics of social media in science learning and the impact obtained for
media. Social media is a dynamic platform that can visually educators and students. This research focused on the
represent abstract science concepts (Rap & Blonder, 2016). distribution of research methods and years, the application
The characteristics of various social media platforms of social media in science learning, and the impact of using
create opportunities to choose applications that best suit social media seen from user experience and perception.
the character of the learning material (Miller et al., 2019). This literature study can be used to provide
Every social media has features to like and comment on recommendations for future research on the use of social
each other for interaction between users. Some popular media and as a guide for researchers in the appropriate
social media platforms include WhatsApp, Facebook, field.
Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. Instagram is among the 1.1 Research Questions
most popular because it can connect users through visual 1. How is social media applied in science learning?
media through images, feeds, reels, and short captions. 2. How does the use of social media impact science
Based on these characteristics, Instagram is suitable for learning?
learning histological studies that require visualization (Essig
et al., 2020). The uniqueness of Facebook is its social aspect 2. METHOD
and the use of hashtags that distinguish it from other This research was conducted to explore the use of social
learning media and are in line with digital connectivity. media in the learning process. This type of literature study
Facebook can be used as a platform for peer-to-peer uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A
learning in medical schools during the pandemic Systematic literature review adheres to a set of scientific
(Chambers et al., 2023). Like Facebook, Twitter-based methods that follow standard rules in identifying and
learning can also use the hashtag feature to reach various synthesizing articles. This aims to limit systematic error
groups, facilitating interaction in learning science (bias) in identifying, assessing, and synthesizing all relevant
(Lundgren et al., 2022). YouTube is also widely used to studies to answer a particular question (Patticrew &
utilize interactive science content but still one-way Roberts, 2006). This literature study is guided by the
interaction (Salih et al., 2022). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
In addition to conveying information that requires Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The PRISMA principle
visuals, social media can also increase student engagement consists of 27 checklists and four flow chart steps to make
(Carman et al., 2021). Most students consider social media compiling a quality systematic review and meta-analysis
a convenient and inexpensive tool for getting relevant easier. A systematic review is a scientific process governed
information (Ansari & Khan, 2020). Social media can by explicit rules demonstrating the completeness,
create social connections and educational goals and attract immunity from bias, transparency, and accountability of
academic interest. Facebook social media benefits learners inclusion and exclusion techniques. The source of the data
because it efficiently asks questions and various can be accounted for and retrieved based on articles
information and interacts with peers (Muls et al., 2020). published by Springer, Wiley, and ERIC over the past eight
However, using social media to deliver information is still years. The review over the last eight years through these
a challenge for educators in integrating these platforms three publishers aims to show the pattern of using social
with the material’s content (Zablith, 2022). Although social media as a learning medium from year to year in a more
media tends to be easy to use, there are still obstacles to accurate and accountable way. The keywords used in the
accessing it, including internet limitations and a ban on source search are "Social Media Learning" and "Social
using some social media (Gilavand et al., 2023). The use in Media in Science." The stages carried out in the research
the learning process is sometimes also abused by students, can be explained in Figure 1.
requiring stricter guidance and guidance by teachers
(Chambers et al., 2023). In addition, a challenge that has
DOI: 10.17509/jsl.v7i2.67071 179 J.Sci.Learn.2024.7(2).178-186
Journal of Science Learning Article

extraction results are presented in a

matrix for evaluation and consideration
to produce a conclusion. After
obtaining more than 5000 articles, a
screening stage for title, abstract, and
full paper is carried out.
2.2 Screening
The screening stage consists of
several stages: screening by title,
abstract, and then full paper. Title
screening has criteria such as reputable
journals and full access. This is done so
that the goods used are of trustworthy
quality. Furthermore, it is filtered
through an abstract based on research
criteria that utilize social media as a
learning medium. The last stage is to
filter the entire paper with study criteria
that focus on science and are related to
students. In the screening process,
based on the PRISMA guidelines and
according to the requirements set, 30
quality articles were obtained that
represented the use of social media in
Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram for systematic reviews science learning.
2.3 Data Analysis
2.1 Identification
The review process is carried out based on the
This study uses narrative synthesis to review and formulation of the problem and research objectives: i)
synthesize findings from articles according to inclusion Explaining the application of social media in science
criteria. The systematic review starts with inclusion criteria learning and (ii) Knowing the impact of using social media
and filters relevant sources, then maps and analyzes based in science learning in terms of user perception and
on research objectives. Inclusion criteria for identification experience. The matrix describes findings regularly, thus
in this systematic review include (1) no duplication of facilitating the synthesis of findings. The synthesis of the
articles from each database, (2) records marked as eligible findings of the literature study provides research
by automation tools, (3) peer-reviewed only, and (4) studies conclusions and recommendations. The results of the
that must be published in the last eight years. The data article selection can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1 Selected articles
No. Author Journal Name Database
1. Chambers et al. BMC Medical Education Springer
2. Atallah et al. BMC Medical Education Springer
3. Dash et al. BMC Medical Education Springer
4. Cole et al. BMC Medical Education Springer
5. Nti et al. Journal of Computers in Education Springer
6. Rap and Blonder Journal of Science Education and Technology Springer
7. Hasiloglu, et al. Journal of Science Education and Technology Springer
8. Lundgren et al. Research in Science Education Springer
9. Motzko et al. Medical Science Educator Springer
10. Carman et al. Medical Science Educator Springer
11. Essig et al. Medical Science Educator Springer
12. Douglas et al. Medical Science Educator Springer
13 Serpagli, et al. School Science and Mathematics Wiley
14 Ortadeveci et al. Clinical Anatomy Wiley
15 Cathala et al. Journal of Advanced Nursing Wiley
16 Faraji et al. Nursing Open Wiley

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Journal of Science Learning Article

Table 1 Selected articles (Continued)

No. Author Journal Name Database
17 Gilavand, et al. Health Science Reports Wiley
18 Salih et al. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education ERIC
19 Rohr et al. E-learning and Digital Media ERIC
20 Santaoja On the Horizon ERIC
21 Adnan et al. Asian Journal of University Education ERIC
22 Kasuma International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning ERIC
Environments
23 Setiawan et al. Journal of Science Learning ERIC
24 Güler and Hasiloglu Shanlax International Journal of Education ERIC

25 Amangeldinovna, et al. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues ERIC

26 Mpungose International Journal of Higher Education ERIC
27 Kara, Geçer, and Şahin Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications ERIC
28 Stevi and Haryanto International Technology and Education Journal ERIC
29 Aydoǧmuș, Tut, and Karadaǧ International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies ERIC
30 Nurhayati, Suryani, and Suharno Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning ERIC

3. result and Discussion articles, while the lowest number of publications in 2016,
This review literature study obtained 30 eligible articles. 2017, and 2019 was 1 article. A significant increase from
This study analyzes and synthesizes articles to find out (i) 2019 to 2020 shows that social media is widely used in
the application of social media in science learning and (ii) learning. This increase is predicted to be caused by the
the impact of social media on science learning. COVID-19 pandemic, so flexible learning media is needed
and can be used in remote learning. Based on the article's
3.1 Implementation of Social Media in Science Learning year of publication, the research distribution can be shown
This literature review is systematically and in Figure 2.
comprehensively reviewed to show the application of social
12
media in science learning. This research aims to summarize 10
various latest and relevant research related to the use of 10
Number of Publication

social media so that it can provide perspectives for

researchers, teachers, and other parties to see the study 8 7 7
from various angles. The data analysis carried out is 6
expected to give a new perspective for other researchers to
develop research based on the distribution of research that 4 3
has been analyzed. Furthermore, teachers can use social
2 1 1 1
media to learn more effectively and avoid the negative
impact of social media on learning. Research on the use of 0
social media in the world of education is increasingly 2016 2017 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
widespread in various disciplines. The use of social media Year
has begun to grow since the COVID-19 pandemic and has Figure 2 Statistical data based on year of publication
become one of the effective ways to convey information
(Sahni & Sharma, 2020). Social media use effectively The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the face-to-face
reaches the public audience and learning (Bardus et al., learning system to become online distance learning. At the
2020). Therefore, various studies on the use of social media time of the implementation of lockdowns during the
in the world of education have begun to develop widely. COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the use of the internet and
Research on the use of social media in the world of social media reached an unprecedented peak (Marzouki et
education begins to develop from year to year. The al., 2021). Most people get information through digital
distribution of this article's publication year can provide an media (social media) during the lockdown period, so the
overview of the need for social media in the science media strongly influences decision-making (Kaya, 2020).
learning process every year. More and more articles Based on research that has been conducted (Bernadetha,
published show that the use of social media is increasingly 2020), it has been shown that learning using social media,
recognized for its benefits in the world of education. The such as Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, during the
findings show that the highest number of publications in COVID-19 pandemic is effective in conveying theoretical
2020 was ten articles, then in 2022 and 2023; research material. Distance learning during the lockdown due to the
obtained as many as seven articles, in 2021 as many as three COVID-19 pandemic utilizes social media through video
DOI: 10.17509/jsl.v7i2.67071 181 J.Sci.Learn.2024.7(2).178-186
Journal of Science Learning Article

conferencing to overcome boredom and stress due to evaluation by both educators and students in order to
learning at home (Batubara et al., 2021). increase the effectiveness of the teaching and learning
The rapid development of technology has caused a shift process (Batubara et al., 2021). Therefore, using social
in learning based on e-learning and m-learning. One of media as a learning medium is mainly applied at the
them is the use of social media in science learning. This university level, as shown in Table 2.
literature study is focused on the field of science, which has
Table 2 Statistical data based on level of institute
many abstract concepts, so it requires media that can
Level of Education Number of Publications
visualize concepts to be more concrete. The field of science Elementary School 2
is broadly divided into several fields. Most studies show Junior High School 1
that social media is widely used in general science and Senior High School 5
health science, with as many as 13 articles. General science Vocational High School 2
is a science that broadly discusses nature. Social media University/College 20
allows many people to learn about nature (Santaoja, 2022). Total 30
Health science covers all fields of health and medicine. In
medicine, many require visualization, as in anatomy, which Social media can be used in the learning process at
is more accessible if conveyed through social media various levels of education. However, most studies show
(Ortadeveci & Ozden, 2023). Furthermore, in the field of that the application of social media at the higher education
biology, there are as many as two articles, and in chemistry level, especially at the university level, has become a trend
and technology, 1 article each. Distribution data from fields over the past few years. The use of social media at lower
of science that utilize social media as a learning medium can levels of education is quite effective, but it does not have
be seen in Figure 3. an optimal impact (Nurhayati et al., 2020; Stevi &
Haryanto, 2020). In addition to increasing the effectiveness
13 13
of the learning process, using social media is also a
14 distraction for students, especially for students at the lower
Number of Publication

12 education level. According to Pearson's opinion (Moran et

10 al., 2011), students at the higher education level's ability to
8 utilize social media will further encourage professional
6 development, expand the reach of institutions, and
4 2 optimize student success. Online learning has become an
2 1 1
essential and influential part of delivering learning materials
0 and interacting socially to build an online community. This
will make it easier for academics in higher education to
share and collaborate without distance and time limitations
(Lahiri & Moseley, 2015).
Many social media platforms have developed along with
Discipline increasingly sophisticated technological developments.
Data media is used for academic tasks, socialization, and
Figure 3 Statistical data based on discipline
entertainment (Nti et al., 2022). Some social media
In addition to various disciplines, social media is used platforms widely used by the general public include
at different institute levels. Social media is most widely used Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, and Twitter.
at the university level, with as many as 20 articles. There Each social media platform has different characteristics
were five articles at the senior high school level, then two and features, so the selection of social media for learning
at vocational high school and elementary school. Studies at depends on the material presented. In most studies using
the junior high school level only have 1 article. Most studies more than one social media, either studies to compare or
show that social media is used in learning at the upper level. collaborate on the use of multiple social media. Figure 3
This is because most social media users are teenagers and shows that most studies used more than one social media
young adults. Significant age differences exist in social platform, as many as 16 articles. The use of more than one
media use (Güler & Hasiloglu, 2022). In addition, the social media in this study aims to compare the
higher the level of education, the more abstract and characteristics of social media and the most preferred
conceptual the subject matter is, so it requires media that respondents (Dash et al., 2022). In addition, collaborating
supports the delivery of concrete information. Learning on more than one social media is more effective in
using social media is one of the alternatives to learning via improving learning outcomes (Carman et al., 2021). The
distance learning since 2020 during the COVID-19 use of social media in learning about antimicrobials can be
pandemic. In this new learning process, there is a need for through quizzes to reduce antibiotic errors, thus impacting
in-depth planning, organization, implementation, and behavior and practice (Atallah et al., 2023). Research
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Journal of Science Learning Article

(Ortadeveci & Ozden, 2023) shows that the delivery of differ depending on the research method used. The
anatomical content can be conveyed through social media findings in this study include distribution according to the
with academic training and management through a team of research method. Based on the 30 articles analyzed, 43%
media experts. used qualitative research methods, 43% used quantitative
Facebook is a social media widely used as a learning research methods, 7% used mixed-method research
medium because it supports peer-to-peer learning methods, and 7% used R&D research methods, as shown
(Chambers et al., 2023); some use Facebook Grub to in Figure 5.
interact with chemistry learning (Rap & Blonder, 2016). A
total of 7 articles showed using Facebook as a learning Qualitative Quantitative Mixed-Method R&D
medium, followed by Instagram with four articles.
Instagram's characteristics focus on photos and videos in
favor of visual learning for two-way active learning 7%
7%
(Douglas et al., 2019). They can show the necessary visuals
on dental and anatomical material (Motzko & Dennis,
2023). Instagram can also convey science materials that 43%
require histological images (Essig et al., 2020). Instagram
Live can also make delivering biology content easier and 43%
bring science into everyday life (Serpagli & Mensah, 2021).
In addition, they are based on the results of a literature
review of WhatsApp, YouTube, and Twitter use in learning
1 article each. WhatsApp is the most popular social media Figure 5 Statistical data based on research method
platform. It has the advantage of ease of interaction,
allowing study groups to be formed, discussions to be Most studies use qualitative and quantitative research
made, and photos and videos to be sent (Gilavand et al., methods, while only a few use mixed-method and R&D
2023). The findings also show that many students use one- methods. The articles used in this study can use qualitative
way YouTube channels to acquire new media literacy (Kara or quantitative methods because the focus of this study
et al., 2020). Twitter and Facebook can use the hashtag explores the use of social media, which can be seen from
feature to reach further interactions (Lundgren et al., 2022). the effectiveness and perception of users in the learning
Statistical data on the distribution of the type of social process. Based on the analysis of the article, the qualitative
media used can be seen in Figure 4. and quantitative methods have the same percentage. This
study aims to explore respondents' perceptions from
qualitative research and determine the effectiveness of
18 16 social media in learning through quantitative research.
16
Number of Publication

14
Quantitative research is used to conduct experiential
12 surveys or experiments to determine the effectiveness of
10 social media in science learning. Qualitative research can
8 7 explore the use of social media based on user perceptions.
6 4 The R&D research aims to develop a framework for social
4 media applications through a synthesis methodology
1 1 1
2 (Adnan et al., 2020) and develop Instagram media to
0 explain material that requires visualization (Essig et al.,
2020). This development research typically requires further
testing of effectiveness against the impact of using
Instagram. The complete research was carried out with a
Type of Social Media
Table 3 Quantitative research result: The use of social media
Figure 4 Statistical data based on type of social media Quantitative Research Number of Publications
Result
3.2 Impact of Social Media Use in Science Learning Knowledge 5
The application of social media in science learning has Literacy 1
an impact that can be viewed from respondents' Interest and Motivation 5
effectiveness, perceptions, and experiences. The impact of Communication and 2
using social media can be positive, but some think that Collaboration
social media has a destructive impact on learning. The Student-centered Learning 1
research results on the use of social media in each study will Total 14

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Journal of Science Learning Article

mixed method design so that it can find out the use of media in learning. Teachers consider social media as an
social media in depth (Motzko & Dennis, 2023) and alternative mechanism to address resource shortages and
evaluate in more detail the roles, benefits, and obstacles of make a positive impact (Aydoğmuş et al., 2023). Social
each social media (Carman et al., 2021). However, statistical media makes it easier to exchange views, materials, and
data show that social media positively and effectively experiences (Hasiloglu et al., 2020) and facilitates
improves the quality of learning, as shown in Table 3. interaction (Faraji et al., 2020). All platforms support
These data were obtained from quantitative studies collaborative learning, developing digital literacy, critical
examining social media use's effectiveness in learning. A assessment skills, and widespread awareness of health
total of 6 articles showed that media can increase issues (Cole et al., 2017). Respondents think that social
knowledge, 1 article increased literacy, five articles grew media helps gather information, network, and collaborate.
interest and motivation, two articles improved Social media can provide visualization of abstract and
communication and collaboration, and 1 article supported conceptual material to be more concrete (Douglas et al.,
independent learning. Based on the study's result, it was 2019; Motzko & Dennis, 2023; Nurhayati et al., 2020; Rap
found that media literacy education is relatively weak, and & Blonder, 2016; Stevi & Haryanto, 2020). The choice of
YouTube can be used as a source of new media literacy social media platform to use depends on the age (Guler,
(Kara et al., 2020). Social media is also beneficial in 2022) and the level of education of the learner, as well as
increasing knowledge (Setiawan & Phillipson, 2020) by the features appropriate for the material's content (Carman
utilizing various features, such as Instagram Live, to et al., 2021). The use of social media does have many
advance understanding of biology (Serpagli & Mensah, benefits in the field of education. However, using this
2021), increasing knowledge of microbial stewardship that platform also requires adequate training to be more optimal
is foreign to ordinary people (Atallah et al., 2023). This (Cole et al., 2017). Several studies reveal that social media
social media can also improve the standard of living of is unsuitable for learning (Salih et al., 2022). While the use
people with asthma because they can get information more of social media can increase engagement and ideas, its use
efficiently and flexibly (Faraji et al., 2020). This ease of can lead to privacy intrusions, misuse of personal data, and
obtaining knowledge will positively affect learning the need for the support of other adequate facilities, such
outcomes and academic performance (Nti et al., 2022). as internet services.
This increase in learning is due to the ease of accessing
various materials and discussions on social media 5. CONCLUSION
(Gilavand et al., 2023). Based on a study of 30 articles, social media can be used
Another benefit of using social media is the increase in as a medium for learning science. Many science materials
interest, motivation, and activeness of students, as shown require visualization, so they will be suitable if learned using
in some literature. One of them is using Instagram to make social media. Most studies show that social media is used
students actively involved and make it easier to deliver at higher levels, such as university or senior high school.
material (Essig et al., 2020), increasing motivation to learn The use of social media in this learning also needs to be
complex and abstract material (Ortadeveci & Ozden, adjusted to the characteristics and features of each media.
2023). Increasing student motivation in learning will make Several types of social media are popular and familiar
students more interested and highly interested in among learners. These social media include Facebook,
participating in the learning process. Social media can make Instagram, YouTube, WhatsApp, and Twitter. Findings in
learning activities more interesting so students are actively the article on the impact of social media on learning show
involved (Salih et al., 2022). Further, social media that this platform is effective for increasing knowledge and
development can increase interest (Adnan et al., 2020). literacy, interest and motivation, communication and
Studies also show that social media such as WhatsApp and collaboration skills, and student-centered learning (self-
Facebook can improve communication and collaboration centered). Various positive perceptions and experiences
skills (Mpungose, 2020). Other studies have shown that the from learners also show that social media is an alternative
communication skills of children with intellectual in overcoming the lack of learning resources. The use of
disabilities improve with social media (Amangeldinovna et social media has shortcomings in terms of privacy and
al., 2021). Flexible and ubiquitous social media supports requires further training to be utilized optimally. This paper
independent, student-centered learning (Cathala et al., ends with implications for every educational institution that
2022). However, there are differences in the effectiveness conducts basic training on media use, especially the use of
of social media use shown in science classes that are more social media. This can help educators overcome the
positive than those taught in non-science classes (Kasuma, challenges of integrating the platform with the material's
2021). In addition to the effectiveness of social media use, content. In addition, every educational institution is also
studies provide insightful perceptions and experiences. advised to provide adequate facilities to access this social
This literature review also analyzes several qualitative media, such as adequate internet access. The researcher
studies exploring respondents' perspectives on using social also suggested that educators provide stricter guidance and
DOI: 10.17509/jsl.v7i2.67071 184 J.Sci.Learn.2024.7(2).178-186
Journal of Science Learning Article

guidance because not everyone can access it and avoid Cole, D., Rengasamy, E., Batchelor, S., Pope, C., Riley, S., &
misuse of social media by students. Every institution must Cunningham, A. M. (2017). Using Social Media to Support Small
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also be careful and aware of data that can be abused, so https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-1060-7
there needs to be preventive measures if they use social Dash, N. R., Hasswan, A. A., Dias, J. M., Abdullah, N., Eladl, M. A.,
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Education (LPDP), for granting the scholarship and Technology and Material Design Course through Social Media.
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