# Question Level of Related Topics Additional Information
Difficulty
1 What is Python, and Easy Basics, Introduction Understanding Python's core
what are its key features and benefits.
features?
2 How do you install Easy Installation, Setup Steps to download and install
Python on your Python on various operating
system? systems.
3 Explain the difference Easy Versions, Compatibility Key differences and reasons
between Python 2 and to choose one over the other.
Python 3.
4 What are Python's Easy Data Types, Basics Understanding of int, float, str,
built-in data types? list, tuple, dict, set, etc.
5 How do you create a Easy Virtual Environments, Usage of venv or
virtual environment in venv virtualenv for project
Python? isolation.
6 What is PEP 8, and Easy Coding Standards, Python Enhancement
why is it important? Style Guide Proposal 8 for code style
guidelines.
7 How do you handle Easy Exception Handling, Using try-except blocks to
exceptions in Python? try-except manage errors gracefully.
8 What is the difference Easy Operators, Identity vs. Understanding identity (is)
between == and is Equality vs. equality (==) comparisons.
operators in Python?
9 How do you read and Easy File I/O, File Handling Using open(), read(),
write files in Python? write(), and context
managers.
10 Explain the concept of Easy Data Types, Mutability Differences between mutable
mutable and immutable (e.g., lists) and immutable
types in Python. (e.g., tuples) types.
11 How do you define a Easy Functions, Defining Using the def keyword to
function in Python? Functions create functions.
12 What are lambda Easy Functions, Anonymous Understanding and using
functions in Python? Functions lambda for creating small
anonymous functions.
13 How do you import Easy Modules, Importing Using import statements to
modules in Python? include external modules.
14 What is a Python Easy Packages, Modules Organizing code into
package, and how do packages with
you create one? __init__.py.
15 How does Python Easy Memory Management, Understanding reference
manage memory? Garbage Collection counting and garbage
collection mechanisms.
16 What is the Global Medium Concurrency, GIL Understanding GIL and its
Interpreter Lock (GIL) implications on multi-threaded
in Python? programs.
17 How do you perform list Medium Lists, Comprehensions Creating lists using concise
comprehension in syntax with list
Python? comprehensions.
18 Explain the use of Medium Functions, Decorators Using functions to modify the
decorators in Python. behavior of other functions.
19 How do you handle Medium Command-Line Using the argparse module
command-line Interfaces, argparse to parse command-line
arguments in Python? arguments.
20 What is the difference Medium Copying Objects, Understanding how copy()
between deep copy deepcopy and deepcopy() functions
and shallow copy? differ.
21 How do you implement Medium Object-Oriented Creating subclasses that
inheritance in Python? Programming, inherit from parent classes.
Inheritance
22 What are Python's Medium Functions, Built-in Understanding decorators like
built-in decorators? Decorators @staticmethod,
@classmethod, and
@property.
23 How do you manage Medium Dependency Using pip and
dependencies in a Management, pip, requirements.txt to
Python project? requirements handle project dependencies.
24 Explain the use of Medium Resource Using with statements to
context managers in Management, Context manage resources like files.
Python. Managers
25 How do you test Medium Testing, unittest, pytest Writing and running tests
Python code? using frameworks like
unittest or pytest.
26 What is the purpose of Medium Packages, Initialization Understanding how
the __init__.py file __init__.py makes a
in a Python package? directory a Python package.
27 How do you perform Medium Serialization, pickle, Using pickle and json
serialization and json modules to serialize and
deserialization in deserialize objects.
Python?
28 What are metaclasses Hard Metaprogramming, Understanding how
in Python? Metaclasses metaclasses control class
creation.
29 How do you implement Hard Concurrency, Using the threading
multithreading in Multithreading, module to run multiple
Python? threading threads concurrently.
30 Explain the difference Medium Object-Oriented Understanding the distinctions
between Programming, between static methods and
@staticmethod and Methods class methods.
@classmethod.
31 How do you create a Medium Iterators, Generators Using yield statements to
generator in Python? create generator functions.
32 What is the purpose of Medium Modules, Script Entry Understanding how to make a
the __name__ == Point Python file executable as a
"__main__" script or importable as a
construct? module.
33 How do you handle Medium Dictionaries, Key Using methods like get(),
missing keys in a Management setdefault(), or handling
dictionary? KeyError exceptions.
34 What is the difference Medium Iterators, range, Understanding differences in
between range() and xrange Python 2 and 3; xrange() is
xrange()? not available in Python 3.
35 How do you perform Medium Databases, SQLite, Using modules like
database operations in SQLAlchemy
Python?
36 How do you sort a list in Easy Lists, Sorting Using sort() (in-place) or
Python? sorted() (new list).
37 What are Python’s data Easy Data Structures Differences in mutability,
structures: list, tuple, set, access times, and use
and dictionary? cases.
38 How do you reverse a list in Easy Lists, Reversing Using [::-1] slicing or
Python? reverse() method.
39 Explain Python slicing. Easy Strings, Lists, Extracting parts of strings or
Slicing lists using
[start:end:step].
40 How do you merge two Medium Dictionaries, Using update() method or
dictionaries in Python? Merging dictionary unpacking **.
41 What are Python Medium Lists, Dictionaries, List, dictionary, and set
comprehensions? Sets comprehensions for concise
syntax.
42 How do you find duplicates Medium Lists, Sets, Using sets or collections'
in a list? Duplicates Counter to identify
duplicates.
43 What are Python’s built-in Easy Built-ins, Functions Examples include len(),
functions? sum(), min(), max(), etc.
44 Explain the difference Medium Copying Objects Deep copy creates copies of
between deepcopy and nested objects, whereas
copy. shallow copy does not.
45 How do you use Python's Medium Functional Applying a function to each
map() function? Programming element of an iterable.
46 How do you filter elements Medium Functional Using filter() with a
in an iterable? Programming, condition or lambda function.
filter()
47 How do you use Python's Medium Functional Summing or reducing an
reduce() function? Programming, iterable to a single value.
reduce() Requires
functools.reduce.
48 Explain the difference Medium Boolean Logic, any() returns True if any
between any() and Iterables element is True; all()
all(). checks if all are True.
49 What is Python's Medium Iterables, Iterating over lists with an
enumerate() function enumerate() index and value.
used for?
50 How do you use zip() to Medium Iterables, zip() Combining two or more
combine iterables? iterables element-wise into
tuples.
51 How do you handle JSON Medium JSON, Serialization Using json.loads()
data in Python? (parsing) and
json.dumps()
(serialization).
52 How do you use Medium Collections, Data Using Counter,
collections module for Structures defaultdict, deque,
advanced data structures? OrderedDict, and
namedtuple.
53 How does Python's Medium Memory Reference counting and
garbage collection work? Management, cyclic garbage collection.
Garbage Collection
54 How do you use args and Medium Functions, Variable Handling dynamic positional
kwargs in Python Arguments (*args) and keyword
functions? arguments (**kwargs).
55 What is a Python set? Medium Sets, Data Sets store unique elements
How is it different from a Structures and have faster membership
list? testing.
56 How do you use regular Medium Regex, String Using the re module for
expressions (regex) in Matching searching and matching
Python? patterns.
57 Explain Python's logging Medium Logging, Creating logs for debugging
module. Debugging and monitoring applications.
58 How do you raise and catch Medium Exceptions, Custom Creating and raising
custom exceptions in Exceptions exceptions with custom
Python? messages or types.
59 What is the purpose of Medium Inheritance, OOP Calling parent class methods
super() in Python? from child classes.
60 How do you implement a Hard Design Patterns, Ensuring only one instance
singleton design pattern in OOP of a class exists.
Python?
61 What are Python Hard OOP, Descriptors Controlling attribute access
descriptors? using __get__, __set__,
and __delete__.
62 How do you measure the Medium Performance, Using time, timeit, or
performance of Python Benchmarking cProfile for measuring
code? execution times.
63 What is the purpose of Hard Memory Limiting attributes in a class
__slots__ in a Python Management, to save memory.
class? Classes
64 How do you perform Hard Concurrency, Using the
multi-processing in Python? Multiprocessing multiprocessing module
for parallel tasks.
65 Explain Python’s Global Hard GIL, Threading How GIL limits
Interpreter Lock (GIL) and multi-threaded performance
its effect. in CPython.
66 How do you implement a Hard Threading, Queues Using queue and threads to
producer-consumer system synchronize
in Python? producer-consumer tasks.
67 What is an abstract class? Medium OOP, Abstract Using abc module to define
How do you define one in Classes abstract base classes.
Python?
68 How do you use Python for Medium Web Scraping, Using libraries like
web scraping? Libraries requests and
BeautifulSoup to scrape
web content.
69 How do you connect to a Medium Databases, Using sqlite3 or libraries
database using Python? SQLAlchemy, like SQLAlchemy.
SQLite
70 What is the difference Hard AsyncIO, Understanding async and
between synchronous and Concurrency await for non-blocking
asynchronous code.
programming in Python?
71 How do you create a REST Medium APIs, Flask, Using frameworks like
API in Python? FastAPI Flask or FastAPI to create
APIs.
72 How do you test REST Medium APIs, Testing Using tools like pytest or
APIs using Python? libraries like requests.
73 What are f-strings, and how Easy Strings, Formatting Using f"{value}" for
are they better than other cleaner string formatting.
string formatting methods?
74 How do you handle large Medium File Handling, Reading large files line by
files efficiently in Python? Efficiency line using for loops or
readline().
75 Explain Python's asyncio Hard AsyncIO, Writing efficient
library and its use cases. Asynchronous asynchronous programs.
Programming
76 How do you create and Medium Environments, Using venv or virtualenv for
use Python virtual venv project isolation.
environments
effectively?
77 What are Python Medium OOP, Using @dataclass to simplify
dataclasses, and how Dataclasses class creation for data storage.
are they used?
78 What is the purpose of Medium OOP, Special Defining how objects are
__repr__ and Methods represented and printed.
__str__ methods in a
class?
79 How do you generate Easy Random Module, Using the random module for
random numbers in Libraries generating numbers, choices, or
Python? shuffling.
80 How do you manage Hard Memory Detecting and resolving memory
memory leaks in Management, leaks using tools like gc or
Python? Debugging profilers.
81 How do you use Medium Iterators, Advanced iterators for
Python's itertools Combinatorics permutations, combinations, and
module? infinite loops.
82 What are generators, Medium Iterators, Generators are memory-efficient
and how are they Generators and lazy-evaluated iterables.
different from lists?
83 What is the difference Medium Decorators, OOP staticmethod defines static
between methods, while @property
staticmethod and manages getters/setters.
property decorators?
84 How do you profile Medium Performance Using tools like cProfile,
Python code to detect Profiling, cProfile line_profiler, or timeit to
bottlenecks? analyze performance.
85 How do you use Medium Shell Commands, Running system-level
Python's subprocess Automation commands and interacting with
module to run shell the shell.
commands?
86 How do you validate and Medium Argparse, CLI Using the argparse module for
parse command-line creating command-line tools.
arguments?
87 How do you work with Medium datetime, time Using datetime and time
dates and times in Module modules for time manipulation
Python? and formatting.
88 How do you handle Medium Data Handling, Using pandas or None checks
missing or null values in Pandas to handle missing data.
a dataset?
89 How do you optimize Hard Performance, Using list comprehensions,
Python loops for better Loops generator expressions, and
performance? avoiding unnecessary
operations.
90 What is monkey Medium Patching, Changing or extending code
patching in Python? Dynamic dynamically at runtime.
Changes
91 How do you use Hard Introspection, Examining live objects, classes,
Python's inspect inspect or functions during runtime.
module for
introspection?
92 How do you handle large Hard Data Handling, Using libraries like pandas,
datasets efficiently with Big Data dask, or generators for lazy
Python? loading.
93 What is memoization, Medium Optimization, Using functools.lru_cache
and how do you Memoization to optimize repeated function
implement it in Python? calls.
94 How do you create Hard Networking, Using socket and threading
multithreaded TCP/UDP Sockets, modules to create server-client
socket programs in Multithreading programs.
Python?
95 What is the difference Medium OOP, Decorators @classmethod operates on the
between class itself, while
@staticmethod and @staticmethod operates
@classmethod independently.
decorators?
96 How do you work with Medium File Handling, Reading and writing binary files
binary files in Python? Binary Files using rb and wb modes.
97 How do you secure your Hard Web Security, Preventing SQL injection, CSRF
Python web application? Best Practices attacks, and securing data
transmission.
98 How do you use Python Hard Messaging Using libraries like pika for
for message queuing Systems, Queues RabbitMQ or
systems like RabbitMQ confluent-kafka-python.
or Kafka?
99 How do you package Hard Packaging, PyPI, Creating packages using
and distribute a Python setuptools setuptools and uploading
application? them to PyPI.
100 What are Python type Medium Typing, Code Using Python's type hints with
hints, and how do they Quality tools like mypy for static type
improve code quality? checking.