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PH306-TUT-1 - Patial

The document outlines a tutorial for a course on Lasers & Ultrafast Optics at IIT Guwahati, focusing on various problems related to two-level atoms, stimulated and spontaneous emission, and the Einstein coefficient. It includes tasks such as deriving conditions for emission rates, calculating transition rates under radiation, and evaluating spontaneous emission lifetimes. Additionally, it discusses the inhomogeneously broadened lineshape function and compares Doppler linewidths for different laser types.

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PABITRA KUMAR
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6 views2 pages

PH306-TUT-1 - Patial

The document outlines a tutorial for a course on Lasers & Ultrafast Optics at IIT Guwahati, focusing on various problems related to two-level atoms, stimulated and spontaneous emission, and the Einstein coefficient. It includes tasks such as deriving conditions for emission rates, calculating transition rates under radiation, and evaluating spontaneous emission lifetimes. Additionally, it discusses the inhomogeneously broadened lineshape function and compares Doppler linewidths for different laser types.

Uploaded by

PABITRA KUMAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Department of Physics
PH306/Lasers & Ultrafast Optics/2024-25/Tutorial-1 (Partial)
Due date: TBA

1. A two-level atom is placed within a cavity and is allowed to come into equilibrium with blackbody
radiation of temperature T.
(a) Show that the condition for the rate of stimulated emission from the upper level being equal to the
rate of spontaneous emission is kBT = ħ21/ln 2 where ħ21 is the energy spacing of the two levels.
(b) Under this condition, what is the ratio of the populations per state in the upper and lower level?
Explain your answer in terms of the spontaneous and stimulated transition rates between the two
levels.
2. Suppose the two levels in problem 1 are now subjected to radiation of energy density ρ(). Show that
the total rate of radiative transitions from the upper level can be written as
 2 c 3 
R2  N 2 A21  3  ( 21 )  1 .
  21 

3. The spontaneous emission profile from a certain transition can be approximated by the shape shown
below. Calculate the stimulated emission cross-section.
K

8,340 cm-1 J2 = 1

A21 = 10 s-1 K/3

2,627 cm-1 J1 = 2

-4 -3 0 +1

(cm-1)
2

 r d . Hence calculate the


*
4. For the transition 2P→1S in the hydrogen atom, evaluate 1S 2P

corresponding lifetime for spontaneous emission.


5. The Einstein coefficient A can be estimated using a simple harmonic oscillator model as follows.
Consider the equation of motion of an electron e oscillating about a positive charge (nucleus) given by
𝐱̈ + 𝜔02 𝐱 = 0, where 0 is the frequency of oscillation.
(a) Obtain the solution of this equation, x(t), subject to the boundary conditions x(0) = x0 and 𝐱̇ (0) =
𝐯0 .
(b) Treat the given system as an oscillating dipole and use the Larmor formula (non-relativistic) to
calculate the average power radiated by such a dipole.
𝑑𝑊
(c) Show that average power radiated can be expressed in the form = −𝐴𝑊, where W is the
𝑑𝑡

oscillator energy and A is then identified as the rate of spontaneous emission. Obtain the numerical
value of A for a wavelength of 500 nm. Note that, in order to arrive at a more accurate result, the
expression obtained for A must be multiplied by a factor 3f where f is the oscillator strength of the
transition.
6. (a) Express the inhomogeneously broadened lineshape function g() in terms of the Doppler width
D.
(b) Compare the Doppler linewidths of He-Ne laser (atomic mass = 20 and transition wavelength =
632.8 nm) with that of CO2 laser (transition wavelength = 10.6 m) at room temperature (300 K).

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