Cloud Computing NEP 2024

2 Marks

1. Define Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services such as servers, storage, databases,
networking, software, and analytics over the internet ("the cloud") to offer faster innovation,
flexible resources, and economies of scale.

2. Two Differences Between Parallel Computing and Distributed

Computing

 Parallel Computing: Focuses on performing multiple operations simultaneously on a

single system with multiple processors.
Distributed Computing: Utilizes multiple interconnected systems to achieve a common
goal by dividing tasks among them.
 Parallel Computing: All processors share the same memory space.
Distributed Computing: Each system has its own local memory and works
independently.

3. List the Different Cloud Deployment Models

1. Public Cloud
2. Private Cloud
3. Hybrid Cloud
4. Community Cloud

4. Two Features of Cloud Virtualization

1. Resource Optimization: Efficient utilization of physical hardware by creating virtual

machines.
2. Scalability: Resources can be dynamically scaled up or down based on demand.

5. List the Different Aneka Container Services

1. Task-based programming
 2. Thread-based programming
3. MapReduce programming

6. Two Services of Amazon Web Services (AWS)

1. Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud): Virtual server hosting.

2. Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service): Scalable cloud storage.

7. What is Microsoft Azure?

Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform and service provided by Microsoft, offering
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS)
solutions for building, deploying, and managing applications through Microsoft-managed data
centers.

8. List Any Two Cloud Applications

1. Google Drive
2. Microsoft Office 365

4 Marks

9. Briefly Explain the Cloud Deployment Models

Cloud deployment models define how cloud services are made available to users.

1. Public Cloud: The cloud services are provided by third-party providers over the internet
and shared among multiple users. It offers scalability, cost efficiency, and accessibility
(e.g., AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud). However, security may be a concern for
sensitive data.
2. Private Cloud: Dedicated infrastructure is used exclusively by a single organization. It
provides better control, security, and customization but is more expensive to set up and
maintain.
3. Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be
shared between them. This provides flexibility to balance workloads, enabling
organizations to use the private cloud for sensitive operations and the public cloud for
non-critical tasks.
4. Community Cloud: Infrastructure is shared among a group of organizations with similar
requirements, such as regulatory compliance or industry standards. It enables cost-sharing
among the participants.
10. Briefly Explain the Trends in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is evolving with the following key trends:

1. Edge Computing: This trend involves processing data near its source instead of relying
on centralized data centers. It reduces latency and improves the performance of real-time
applications like IoT devices and autonomous vehicles.
2. Serverless Computing: Developers can focus on writing code without worrying about
managing the underlying infrastructure. Cloud providers automatically handle scaling,
patching, and resource allocation, making development faster and cost-efficient.
3. AI and Machine Learning Integration: Cloud platforms now include AI/ML tools,
allowing businesses to implement predictive analytics, natural language processing, and
automation without requiring their own infrastructure.
4. Hybrid Cloud Adoption: Organizations increasingly adopt hybrid models to leverage
the scalability of public clouds and the control of private clouds, ensuring flexibility, cost
optimization, and security.

11. Briefly Explain the Cloud Service Models with Diagram

Cloud service models represent the levels of services offered by cloud providers:

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): This model provides virtualized computing

resources like servers, storage, and networking. It allows users to run operating systems
and applications as needed (e.g., AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine).
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides a platform for application development and
deployment. It abstracts infrastructure management, enabling developers to focus on
writing code (e.g., Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Service).
3. Software as a Service (SaaS): Provides ready-to-use applications hosted on the cloud.
Users access them via the internet, and the provider manages everything from
infrastructure to application updates (e.g., Gmail, Microsoft Office 365).
12. Explain Any Two Types of Virtualization

Virtualization enables the creation of virtual environments that abstract and isolate hardware
resources.

1. Full Virtualization: In this type, the hypervisor emulates the complete hardware
environment, allowing unmodified operating systems to run as virtual machines. This
approach provides compatibility with a wide range of software and operating systems but
may introduce overhead due to emulation (e.g., VMware).
2. Paravirtualization: Unlike full virtualization, paravirtualization requires modifications
to the guest operating system to work with the hypervisor. This improves performance as
the system interacts more efficiently with the underlying hardware (e.g., Xen).

13. Write a Note on Xen: Paravirtualization

Xen is an open-source hypervisor that supports paravirtualization. Paravirtualization enables

guest operating systems to interact directly with the hypervisor rather than emulating hardware,
resulting in lower overhead and better performance.

Xen is widely used in cloud environments because of its scalability, security, and efficiency. It
supports multiple operating systems, including Linux and Windows, and is suitable for creating
virtualized infrastructures for private, public, and hybrid clouds. By optimizing the performance
of virtual machines, Xen has become a popular choice in cloud computing platforms.

14. Explain Management Tools in Aneka Platform

The Aneka platform provides several management tools to simplify resource and application
management:

1. Resource Management: Aneka dynamically manages computing resources, such as

adding or removing nodes, based on workload demands. This ensures optimal resource
utilization and scalability.
2. Application Management: Users can deploy, monitor, and manage applications
efficiently through Aneka. It provides tools for tracking application performance and
resource usage.
3. Accounting and Billing: Aneka includes features for tracking resource usage, enabling
accurate billing for cloud services. It supports various pricing models, making it suitable
for commercial cloud environments.

15. Write a Note on Google App Engine

Google App Engine (GAE) is a Platform as a Service (PaaS) offering that allows developers to
build, deploy, and manage web applications and services. It provides a fully managed
environment where Google handles infrastructure tasks like scaling, load balancing, and server
maintenance.

GAE supports multiple programming languages, including Python, Java, Node.js, and Go.
Developers can take advantage of features like integrated APIs, database management, and
monitoring tools. One of its key advantages is automatic scaling, where resources are adjusted
based on traffic demands.

Google App Engine is widely used for web applications, APIs, and microservices due to its
simplicity and efficiency.

16. Explain Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Enterprise

Resource Planning (ERP)

1. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): CRM systems help businesses manage

interactions with current and potential customers. They streamline processes related to
sales, marketing, and customer support, enabling organizations to enhance customer
satisfaction and loyalty. Popular CRM tools include Salesforce and HubSpot.
2. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): ERP integrates core business processes such as
finance, human resources, supply chain, and inventory management into a single system.
It improves efficiency, reduces costs, and provides better insights into organizational
operations. Popular ERP solutions include SAP and Oracle ERP.

10 Marks

17. Explain the Applications of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has revolutionized various industries by providing scalable, cost-effective, and
reliable solutions. Some key applications include:

1. Data Storage and Backup:

Cloud platforms like Google Drive and Amazon S3 provide unlimited storage options.
Businesses can securely back up their data and recover it in case of hardware failures or
cyberattacks.
2. Big Data Analytics:
Cloud computing enables the processing of massive datasets using tools like Hadoop and
Spark. Companies analyze trends, customer behavior, and market patterns efficiently.
3. Web Hosting:
Cloud services host websites and applications with auto-scaling features to handle
variable traffic demands. AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Microsoft Azure App Service are
common examples.
4. E-commerce Platforms:
Cloud solutions are widely used in e-commerce for inventory management, payment
 processing, and personalized customer experiences. Shopify and Magento rely on cloud
infrastructure.
5. Healthcare:
Medical facilities use cloud-based systems to store patient records, analyze medical
images, and enable telemedicine services, ensuring accessibility and privacy compliance.
6. Education:
Cloud platforms facilitate online learning through tools like Google Classroom and
Microsoft Teams, enabling remote education and collaborative learning.
7. Gaming:
Cloud gaming platforms like NVIDIA GeForce NOW and Google Stadia provide high-
performance gaming experiences without requiring expensive hardware.
8. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:
Cloud providers like AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure offer AI/ML tools to develop and
deploy predictive models, automate tasks, and enable intelligent decision-making.

18. Explain the Cloud Architecture with Diagram

Cloud architecture defines the components and structure of a cloud computing system. Key
components include:

1. Front-End:
The front-end comprises user interfaces and client devices (e.g., laptops, smartphones)
used to access cloud services through a web browser or application.
2. Back-End:
o Servers: Physical or virtual machines that host applications and services.
o Storage: Data is stored in cloud databases or object storage systems.
o Hypervisor: Manages virtualization and resource allocation.
o Middleware: Connects the user interface with the cloud backend.
o Management Tools: For monitoring and maintaining the cloud environment.
3. Network:
Cloud architecture relies on a robust network infrastructure, including the internet and
intranet, to connect front-end and back-end components.
4. Cloud Delivery Models:
Supports IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS service models.

Diagram:
A typical diagram includes:

 User devices connected to the internet.

 A centralized cloud infrastructure with layers for application, storage, and processing.
 Arrows depicting communication between front-end and back-end systems.
19. Explain Anatomy of the Aneka Container

The Aneka container forms the core of the Aneka framework for managing distributed and cloud
applications. It is designed to abstract the complexities of resource management and provide a
customizable platform for application execution. The key components are:

1. Application Model:
Aneka supports various programming models like Task-based, Thread-based, and
MapReduce, allowing developers to choose the most suitable approach for their
application.
2. Execution Engine:
The execution engine manages the execution of tasks by distributing them across
available resources. It ensures efficient scheduling and fault tolerance.
3. Resource Management:
This layer allocates resources dynamically, based on workload demands. It integrates
with cloud providers to scale resources as needed.
4. Security Management:
Aneka includes security protocols for data integrity, authentication, and secure
communication between components.
5. Monitoring and Accounting:
It provides real-time monitoring of resource usage, application performance, and cost
tracking for billing purposes.
6. Middleware Services:
Middleware enables seamless communication between user applications and the
underlying infrastructure.

The Aneka container acts as a bridge between cloud infrastructure and user applications,
ensuring flexibility, scalability, and efficient execution.
20. Explain Microsoft Azure Core Concepts in Detail

Microsoft Azure is a cloud platform offering a wide range of services for building, deploying,
and managing applications. Its core concepts include:

1. Regions and Availability Zones:

Azure is divided into regions, each containing multiple data centers. Availability zones
ensure redundancy and fault tolerance by replicating data and services across multiple
zones.
2. Azure Resource Manager (ARM):
ARM provides a framework for managing Azure resources, including storage, virtual
machines, and networking. It uses templates for deploying resources in a structured
manner.
3. Azure Virtual Machines (VMs):
VMs provide scalable compute resources for hosting applications, running databases, or
executing scripts. Users can choose operating systems and configurations.
4. Azure App Services:
A platform for hosting web applications, APIs, and mobile backends without managing
infrastructure. It supports multiple languages like Python, Java, and .NET.
5. Storage Services:
Azure offers scalable storage solutions, including Blob Storage, File Storage, and Queue
Storage, for handling structured and unstructured data.
6. Azure Functions:
A serverless computing service that allows users to execute code in response to events,
reducing infrastructure management overhead.
7. Networking Services:
Azure includes virtual networks (VNets), load balancers, and gateways for secure
communication between resources.
8. Azure Security and Monitoring:
Azure provides tools like Azure Security Center and Azure Monitor to enhance security
and track resource performance.

21. Explain Scientific Applications in Cloud Application

Cloud computing plays a critical role in scientific research by providing on-demand resources
and computational power. Key applications include:

1. High-Performance Computing (HPC):

Cloud platforms like AWS and Azure enable scientists to perform large-scale simulations
and complex calculations in fields like physics, chemistry, and climate modeling.
2. Genomic Research:
Cloud services are used for storing and analyzing genomic data. Platforms like Google
Cloud’s BigQuery help process massive datasets to identify genetic markers and study
diseases.
3. Astronomy:
Cloud-based tools analyze astronomical data, such as processing images from telescopes
and simulating celestial phenomena.
4. Earth Science and Climate Studies:
Scientists use cloud resources for weather forecasting, climate change simulations, and
disaster modeling, leveraging vast amounts of data from satellites.
5. Drug Discovery:
Pharmaceutical companies use cloud computing for simulating molecular interactions,
speeding up the drug discovery process while reducing costs.
6. Collaboration and Data Sharing:
Cloud platforms enable researchers across the globe to share data and collaborate in real
time, accelerating the pace of innovation.
7. Machine Learning and AI:
Cloud platforms like TensorFlow and Azure AI provide tools for developing predictive
models for scientific analysis and hypothesis testing.