Cloud Computing Internals 1

2 marks

1. What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services, including servers,
storage, databases, networking, software, and more, over the internet ("the
cloud"). It enables users to access resources on demand without managing the
underlying infrastructure. Examples of cloud computing include platforms like
AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.

2. Define Virtualization
Virtualization is the process of creating a virtual version of a physical resource,
such as a server, storage device, network, or operating system. It allows multiple
virtual instances to run on a single physical machine, optimizing resource usage
and enabling scalability. Tools like VMware, Hyper-V, and KVM are popular
for virtualization.

3. List the Types of Cloud

1. Public Cloud: Hosted by third-party providers and shared among
multiple organizations (e.g., AWS, Azure).
2. Private Cloud: Exclusively used by one organization, offering
greater control and security.
3. Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private clouds, allowing data and
applications to move between them.
4. Community Cloud: Shared by organizations with common goals or
requirements (e.g., compliance, security).

4. What is Paravirtualization?
Paravirtualization is a virtualization technique where the guest operating system
is modified to work in cooperation with the hypervisor for optimized
performance. Unlike full virtualization, which simulates hardware,
paravirtualization allows the guest OS to be aware of the virtual environment,
leading to reduced overhead.
5. List Out the Cloud Platform Service Providers
Some of the leading cloud platform service providers include:

 Amazon Web Services (AWS)

 Microsoft Azure
 Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
 IBM Cloud
 Oracle Cloud
 Alibaba Cloud
 Salesforce
 DigitalOcean

6. What is Web 2.0 & Mashup?

 Web 2.0: Refers to the second generation of the web, characterized by

interactive and collaborative features like social media, blogs, wikis, and
user-generated content. It focuses on enhancing user experience and
engagement.
 Mashup: A web application that combines data, functionality, or APIs
from two or more sources to create a new service. For example,
integrating Google Maps with real estate listings to show property
locations.

7. Mention the Difference Between Distributed System

and Cluster System
Aspect Distributed System Cluster System
Definition A collection of independent A set of tightly coupled
systems that systems
communicate to achieve a that work as a single
common goal. unit.
Geographica Systems may be spread over Systems are usually in
l Spread different close
locations. physical proximity.
Autonomy Systems are more independent. Systems work under a
centralized control.
Fault High fault tolerance due to Fault tolerance depends
Tolerance independence. on
cluster configuration.
Examples Internet, blockchain systems. High-performance
computing
(HPC), web servers.
 4 Marks

8. Explain the Different Types of Virtualization

The main types of virtualization include:

1. Server Virtualization: Divides a physical server into multiple virtual

servers, each running its own operating system.
2. Desktop Virtualization: Enables access to a virtual desktop
environment from any device. Examples: VDI (Virtual Desktop
Infrastructure).
3. Storage Virtualization: Combines multiple physical storage devices into
a single virtual storage resource.
4. Network Virtualization: Abstracts network resources to create
virtual networks, improving management and scalability.
5. Application Virtualization: Runs applications in a virtual environment
independent of the underlying system.
6. Data Virtualization: Integrates data from different sources into a single
virtual view.

9. Mention the Applications of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is used in various areas, including:

1. Data Storage and Backup: Services like Google Drive and Dropbox.
2. Web Hosting: Hosting websites on platforms like AWS, Azure.
3. Software Development: Cloud-based development and testing environments.
4. E-commerce: Platforms like Shopify and Magento.
5. Big Data Analytics: Tools for processing large datasets (e.g., Hadoop on the
cloud).
6. IoT: Cloud as a backend for IoT applications.
7. AI and ML: Platforms like TensorFlow and AWS SageMaker.
8. Streaming Services: Video and audio streaming (e.g., Netflix, Spotify).

10. Explain the Cloud Service Models

1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service):
Provides virtualized computing resources like servers, storage, and
 networking. Example: AWS EC2.
2. PaaS (Platform as a Service):
Provides a platform for developers to build, test, and deploy applications
without managing underlying infrastructure. Example: Google App
Engine.
3. SaaS (Software as a Service):
Delivers software applications over the internet. Example: Google
Workspace, Salesforce.
11. Discuss the Characteristics of Cloud Computing

1. On-Demand Self-Service: Resources can be provisioned automatically.

2. Broad Network Access: Accessible via the internet from various devices.
3. Resource Pooling: Resources are pooled to serve multiple users.
4. Scalability and Elasticity: Scales up or down based on demand.
5. Measured Service: Users pay for what they use (pay-as-you-go model).
6. Resiliency and Availability: High uptime and fault tolerance.

12. Explain the Deployment of Public Cloud with an Example

Deployment of Public Cloud

A Public Cloud is a cloud deployment model where services like storage,

computing power, or applications are delivered over the internet by a third-party
provider. These resources are shared among multiple organizations or
individuals, and the provider is responsible for managing and maintaining the
underlying infrastructure.

Characteristics of Public Cloud:

1. Multi-Tenancy: Resources are shared among multiple users.

2. Pay-As-You-Go Pricing: Users pay only for the resources they consume.
3. High Scalability: Easily scalable to meet demand.
4. Accessibility: Services are accessible via the internet from anywhere.
5. No Capital Investment: Eliminates the need for owning physical hardware.

Example of Public Cloud Deployment:

Netflix on AWS (Amazon Web Services):

Netflix uses AWS, a public cloud provider, to handle its video streaming
services. Here's how Netflix benefits from the public cloud:

1. Scalability: AWS provides Netflix with the ability to scale resources up or

down based on demand (e.g., during peak viewing times).
2. Global Reach: AWS data centers across the world ensure low-latency streaming
for users in different regions.
3. Cost-Effectiveness: Netflix pays for AWS resources on a usage basis,
reducing upfront infrastructure costs.
4. Resilience: AWS offers high availability and disaster recovery, ensuring uninterrupted
service.
13. Differentiate Between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
Featur IaaS PaaS SaaS
e
Definiti Provides Provides development Provides software
infrastructure and applications.
on resources. deployment platforms.
Control Full control over Limited to application Minimal user
infrastructure. development. control, only
application access.
Exampl AWS EC2, Google App Engine, Google Workspace,
Google AWS Salesforce
es Compute Engine Elastic Beanstalk

14. List the Trends in Cloud Computing

1. Edge Computing: Processing data closer to where it is generated.
2. Hybrid and Multi-Cloud: Combining multiple cloud environments.
3. AI and ML Integration: Using AI to optimize cloud operations.
4. Serverless Computing: Running code without managing servers (e.g., AWS
Lambda).
5. Cloud Security: Enhanced focus on securing cloud data.
6. Containerization: Tools like Docker and Kubernetes for application
deployment.
7. Quantum Computing: Early adoption in cloud platforms.
8. Sustainability: Efforts to reduce the environmental impact of cloud data
centers.

10 marks

15. Discuss the Cloud Computing Paradigms?

Cloud computing paradigms refer to the models, concepts, and frameworks that
define how cloud services are delivered, accessed, and utilized. These
paradigms ensure flexibility, scalability, and efficiency in cloud-based systems.

1.Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

o Provides virtualized computing resources like servers, storage, and networking.
o Users manage the operating system, middleware, and applications.
o Example: AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):
o Offers a platform for developers to build, test, and deploy applications
without worrying about infrastructure.
o Example: Microsoft Azure App Service, Heroku.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS):
 o Provides complete software solutions accessible via a web browser.
o Users interact with the software without managing underlying
infrastructure or platforms.
o Example: Google Workspace, Salesforce.

2.Deployment Models

1. Public Cloud:
Resources are shared among multiple organizations and delivered by
third-party providers (e.g., AWS, Azure).
2. Private Cloud:
Exclusively used by a single organization for enhanced security and control.
3. Hybrid Cloud:
Combines public and private clouds, enabling data and application
portability between them.
4. Community Cloud:
Shared among organizations with similar goals, such as government
agencies or research groups.

3.Virtualization Paradigm

Virtualization is at the core of cloud computing. It allows physical resources to

be abstracted into virtual resources, making them more flexible and scalable.
Types of virtualization include:

 Server Virtualization
 Network Virtualization
 Storage Virtualization
 Desktop Virtualization

4.Serverless Computing Paradigm

 Eliminates the need to manage servers.

 Developers focus solely on writing and deploying code, while the cloud
provider handles resource management.
 Example: AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions.

5.Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Paradigm

 Multi-Cloud: Uses multiple cloud providers to avoid vendor lock-in and enhance
flexibility.
 Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private clouds to create a unified,
scalable, and cost- effective infrastructure.
6.Edge Computing Paradigm

 Focuses on processing data closer to where it is generated (e.g., IoT devices) to

reduce latency and bandwidth usage.
  Complements cloud computing by providing localized processing power.

7.Cloud-Native Paradigm

 Aims at building applications specifically designed to run in cloud environments.

 Based on microservices architecture, containerization (e.g., Docker), and
orchestration (e.g., Kubernetes).

8.Utility Computing Paradigm

 Treats computing resources as a utility (like electricity or water).

 Users pay only for what they consume (pay-as-you-go).

6. Explain the Cloud Computing Architecture?

Cloud computing architecture is the blueprint that defines how various
components and services in a cloud environment interact to deliver computing
resources and services over the internet. It is typically divided into two parts:
Frontend and Backend, with a connection through the internet or network.

1. Key Components of Cloud Computing Architecture

A. Frontend (Client Side)

This is the interface that allows users to interact with cloud services.

 Components:
1. Web Browser or Client Application: Used to access cloud resources
(e.g., Google Chrome, Salesforce App).
2. User Interface: Provides an easy-to-use interface to interact with cloud services.
3. Devices: Devices like desktops, laptops, mobile phones, or IoT devices that
access the cloud.

B. Backend (Cloud Provider Side)

This is the core of the cloud, where the actual processing, storage, and resource
management occur.

 Components:
1. Application: Software or services running on the cloud (e.g., Google Workspace).
2. Service: The services offered, such as SaaS, PaaS, or IaaS.
3. Storage: Databases and storage systems that hold user data and applications
 (e.g., AWS S3).
4. Infrastructure: Virtualized resources, such as servers, networks, and data centers.
5. Management: Tools and systems for resource allocation, monitoring, and
maintenance.
 6. Security: Ensures data integrity, privacy, and protection from threats.

C. Internet or Network

The connection layer enables communication between the frontend and backend.
It ensures users can access resources via the internet.

2. Layers of Cloud Architecture

A. Physical Layer

 Comprises the hardware resources, such as servers, storage devices, and

networking equipment, hosted in data centers.

B. Virtualization Layer

 Abstracts physical resources to create virtual machines, storage, or networks for

optimized resource usage.

C. Cloud Service Layer

 Provides the service models:

o IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Virtualized infrastructure.
o PaaS (Platform as a Service): Development platforms.
o SaaS (Software as a Service): End-user applications.

D. Resource Management Layer

 Manages allocation and monitoring of cloud resources, such as virtual machines and
storage.

E. Application Layer

 The interface that users interact with, such as applications, APIs, and tools
for business processes.

3. Deployment Models in Cloud Architecture

Cloud architecture can be deployed in different environments:

1. Public Cloud: Hosted by third-party providers (e.g., AWS, Azure).

2. Private Cloud: Dedicated to a single organization.
3. Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private cloud models.
 4. Community Cloud: Shared by a specific group with common goals.

4. Example of Cloud Computing Architecture

Consider Amazon Web Services (AWS):

 Frontend: A user accesses AWS services via the AWS Management Console or CLI.
 Backend: AWS hosts applications, data storage (S3), and virtual machines (EC2) in its
global data centers.
 Network: The internet acts as the communication layer, allowing seamless interaction.

Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture

1. Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down.
2. Cost Efficiency: Pay-as-you-go model reduces capital costs.
3. Accessibility: Resources are accessible from anywhere.
4. Flexibility: Supports a wide range of applications and workloads.
5. Reliability: High availability and disaster recovery.