ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

With immense gratitude, firstly, I would like to express my profound gratitude to Asso. Prof Dr.
Manish Ahirwar, HOD Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Prof. Uday Chourasia
for giving me an opportunity to pursue an internship during the 5th and 6th Semester. I would also
like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to for their guidance, supervision, expert suggestion
and encouragement which helped me to manage the internship and college together. I would also
like to thank the teachers of DOCSE - Prof. Mukesh Dhariwal, Prof. Praveen Yadav, Prof. Manish
Mishra, Prof. Priyanka Dixit, Prof. Satish Soni, Dr. Raju Baraskar, Dr. Rajeev Pandey and Prof.
Sanjay Silakari for their constant support.

Secondly, I wish to express my deep respect and gratitude to my parents and friends. With their
guidance, insightful comments, smart encouragement and valuable help, always uplifting me
whenever I had any problems with the project, giving me valuable insights and sharing their
knowledge with me.

Last but not least, my sincere gratitude to all the people who knowingly or unknowingly supported
me in making this project possible.
 Abstract

Java is a widely-used programming language for coding web applications. It has been a popular
choice among developers for over two decades, with millions of Java applications in use today.
Java is a multi-platform, object-oriented, and network-centric language that can be used as a
platform in itself. It is a fast, secure, reliable programming language for coding everything from
mobile apps and enterprise software to big data applications and server-side technologies.

Java’s robustness, security features, and reliability make it an ideal choice for a vast array of
applications, ranging from mobile applications (e.g., Android) and enterprise systems to web
development, big data processing, and cloud-based solutions. Furthermore, Java's extensive
ecosystem includes a rich set of libraries, frameworks (such as Spring and Hibernate), and
development tools that significantly enhance productivity and scalability.

This report explores Java's key features, its practical applications across various industries, and
the reasons for its sustained relevance in modern software engineering. By examining real-world
use cases and analyzing its performance in critical domains, this report highlights Java’s role as a
cornerstone technology that continues to drive innovation and adapt to emerging trends in
programming and technology.
 About Parabit Technology

Parabit Technology Pvt Ltd in Indrapuri, Bhopal is known to satisfactorily cater to the demands
of its customer base. It stands located at 66 C Sector, Sector C, Indrapuri-462023. It has earned
70 reviews and aspires to develop a loyal customer base.The business strives to make for a
positive experience through its offerings.

Software has become an integral part of our lives as everything is technology-driven. Whether
it's your phone, television or even laptop, everything depends on the right software. Software
Companies responsible for developing software that is compatible with different devices. The
companies are responsible for driving how you work, play, learn or conduct business in the
digital world.

If you are browsing for the best Software Companies in Bhopal,Indrapuri, you must contact
Parabit Technology Pvt Ltd.

Customer centricity is at the core of Parabit Technology Pvt Ltd in Indrapuri, Bhopal and it is
this belief that has led the business to build long-term relationships. Ensuring a positive customer
experience, making available goods and/or services that are of top-notch quality is given prime
importance.

India’s leading B2B market place, Jd Mart ensures engaging in business activities is a seamless
process for small and medium enterprises as well as large businesses. In a wake to enable these
businesses to reach their audience, this portal lets them showcase their offerings in terms of the
products and/or services through a digital catalogue. This business has a wide range of product
offerings and the product/catalogue list includes Software Companies etc.
 SCHEDULE / OUTLINE OF THE INTERNSHIP

S.No Content Date

1 Introduction

2 Basic Of Java

3 Programming Concept

4 Java Useful Keywords

5 Java Classes, Block And Constructor

6 Java Object Oriented

7 Wrapper Class

8 Static and This Keyword

9 Exception Handling

10 Java Advanced
 INTRODUCTION

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems

(now owned by Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995. It is widely used for building
applications across various platforms, including web, mobile, desktop, and enterprise systems.
One of Java's defining features is its platform independence, made possible by compiling code
into bytecode that can run on any system with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), following the
"Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA) principle. As an object-oriented language, Java promotes
modular, reusable, and scalable code through concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and
polymorphism. Additionally, Java emphasizes security, performance, and robustness, making it
a popular choice for developers worldwide.

Java divided into three categories, they are

● J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition)

● J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition)
● J2ME (Java 2 Micro or Mobile Edition)

J2SE -> J2SE is used for developing client side applications.

J2EE -> J2EE is used for developing server side applications.

J2ME -> J2ME is used for developing mobile or wireless application by making use of a
predefined protocol called WAP (wireless Access / Application protocol).
 BASICS OF JAVA

Overview Of Java

Java is a platform independent, more powerful, secure, high performance, multithreaded

programming language. Here we discuss some points related to java.

Define JRE

The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is part of the Java Development Kit (JDK). It contains
set of libraries and tools for developing java application. The Java Runtime Environment
provides the minimum requirements for executing a Java application.

Define JVM

JVM is set of programs developed by sun Micro System and supplied as a part of jdk for reading
line by line of byte code and it converts into native understanding form of operating system.
Java language is one of the compiled and interpreted programming language.

Garbage Collector

Garbage Collector is the system Java program which runs in the background along with regular
Java program to collect un-Referenced (unused) memory space for improving the performance
of our applications.

API
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a collection of packages, a package is the
collection of classes, interfaces and sub-packages. A sub-package is a collection of classes
interfaces and sub sub packages etc.

Java programming is containing user friendly syntax so that we can develop effective application
s. in other words if any language is providing user friendly syntax, we can develop error free
applications.
Definition of JIT

JIT is the set of programs developed by SUN Micro System and added as a part of JVM, to
speed up the interpretation phase.

Features Of JAVA

Features of a language are nothing but the set of services or facilities provided by the language
vendors to the industry programmers. Some important features are;
 Path Variable

Path variable is set for providing path for all java tools like java, javac, javap, javah, jar,
appletviewer which are use in java programming. These all tools are available in bin folders so
we set path upto bin folders.

Classpath Variable

Classpath variable is set for providing path for predefined java classes which is used in our
application. All classes are available in lib/rt.jar so we set classpath upto lib/rt.jar.

Steps For Compiling And Executing Programs

The following sequence of steps represented in the diagram use compiling the java program and
executing the java programs.

Object And Class

Object is the physical as well as logical entity where as class is the only logical entity.

Class is a blue print which is containing only list of variables and method and no memory is
allocated for them. A class is a group of objects that has common properties.
 A class in java contains:

● Data Member
● Method
● Constructor
● Block
● Class and Interface
Object: Object is a instance of class, object has state and behaviors.An Object in java has
three characteristics:
● State
● Behavior
● Identity

State: Represents data (value) of an object.

Behavior: Represents the behavior (functionality) of an object such as deposit, withdraw etc.

Identity: Object identity is typically implemented via a unique ID. The value of the ID is not
visible to the external user. But,it is used internally by the JVM to identify each object uniquely

Data Types

Datatype is a special keyword used to allocate sufficient memory space for the data, in other
words Data type is used for representing the data in main memory (RAM) of the computer.

In general every programming language is containing three categories of data types. They are

● Fundamental or primitive data types

● Derived data types
● User defined data types.
 Data Type Default Value Default size

boolean false 1 bit

char '\u0000' 2 byte

byte 0 1 byte

short 0 2 byte

int 0 4 byte

long 0L 8 byte

float 0.0f 4 byte

double 0.0d 8 byte

Variable

Variable is an identifier which holds data or another one variable is an identifier whose value
can be changed at the execution time of program. Variable is an identifier which can be used to
identify input data in a program.

Operators And Its Types

Operator is a special symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical
Operation. Java supports following lists of operators.

● Arithmetic Operators
● Relational Operators
● Logical Operators
● Bitwise Operators
● Assignment Operators
● Ternary or Conditional Operator
 PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

Structure Of Java Program

Structure of a java program is the standard format released by Language developer to the
Industry programmer. Sun Micro System has prescribed the following structure for the java
programmers for developing java application.

● A package is a collection of classes, interfaces and sub-packages. A sub package contains

collection of classes, interfaces and sub-sub packages etc. java.lang.*; package is imported
by default and this package is known as default package.

● Class is keyword used for developing user defined data type and every java program must
start with a concept of class

Main( ) Method
main() method is starting execution block of a java program or any java program start their
execution from main method. If any class contain main() method known as main class.

Decision Making Statement

Decision making statement statements is also called selection statement. That is depending on
the condition block need to be executed or not which is decided by condition. If the condition is
"true" statement block will be executed, if condition is "false" then statement block will not be
executed. In java there are three types of decision making statement.
Access modifiers:

Access modifiers are those which are applied before data members or methods of a class. These
are used to where to access and where not to access the data members or methods. In java
programming we have four access modifiers they are
 JAVA USEFUL KEYWORDS

Final keyword
In java language final keyword can be used in following way.

● Final at variable level

● Final at method level
● Final at class level

Static keyword
The static keyword is used in java mainly for memory management. Static keyword are used
with variables, methods, blocks and nested class. Static is a keyword that are used for share the
same variable or method of a given class. This is used for a constant variable or a method that
is the same for every instance of a class. The main method of a class is generally labeled static.

In java language static keyword can be used for following

1. variable (also known as class variable)
2. method (also known as class method)
3. block
4. nested class

This keyword

this is a reference variable that refers to the current object. It is a keyword in java language
represents current class object
"this" keyword can be use in two ways.
● this . (this dot)
● this() (this)

Super keyword
Super keyword in java is a reference variable that is used to refer parent class object. Super is
an implicit keyword create by JVM and supply each and every java program for performing
important role in three places.
● At variable level
● At method level
● At constructor level
 JAVA CLASSES, BLOCKS AND CONSTRUCTORS

Abstract Classes
We know that every java program must start with a concept of class that is without classes
concept there is no java program perfect.In java programming we have two types of classes they
are
1. Concrete class
2. Abstract class

Constructor And Its Types

A constructor is a special member method which will be called implicitly (automatically) by

the JVM whenever an object is created for placing user or programmer defined values in place
of default values. In a single word constructor is a special member method which will be called
automatically whenever object is created.
The purpose of constructor is to initialize an object called object initialization. Constructors are
mainly create for initializing the object. Initialization is a process of assigning user defined
values at the time of allocation of memory space

Types of constructors
Based on creating objects in Java constructor are classified in two types. They are

● Default or no argument Constructor

● Parameterized constructor.

Static Block in Java

Static block is a set of statements, which will be executed by the JVM before execution of main
method. At the time of class loading if we want to perform any activity we have to define that
activity inside static block because static block execute at the time of class loading.
In a class we can take any number of static block but all these static block will be execute from
top to bottom.

Relationship in Java
Type of relationship always makes to understand how to reuse the feature from one class to
another class. In java programming we have two types of relationship they are.

● Is-A Relationship
● Has-A Relationship
 JAVA OBJECT ORIENTED

Polymorphism

The process of representing one form in multiple forms is known as Polymorphism.Here

original form or original method always resides in base class and multiple forms represents
overridden method which resides in derived classes.
Polymorphism is not a programming concept but it is one of the principal of OOPs. For many
objects oriented programming language polymorphism principle is common but whose
implementations are varying from one objects oriented programming language to another object
oriented programming language.

Polymorphism principal is divided into two sub principal they are:

Method Overloading
Whenever same method name is exiting multiple times in the same class with different number
of parameter or different order of parameters or different types of parameters is known
as method overloading.

Why method Overloading ?

Suppose we have to perform addition of given number but there can be any number of
arguments, if we write method such as a(int, int)for two arguments, b(int, int, int) for three
arguments then it is very difficult for you and other programmer to understand purpose or
behaviors of method they can not identify purpose of method. So we use method overloading to
easily figure out the program. For example above two methods we can write sum(int, int) and
sum(int, int, int) using method overloading concept.

Different ways to overload the method

There are two ways to overload the method in java

● By changing number of arguments or parameters

● By changing the data type
● By changing the order of arguments.

Method Overriding
Whenever same method name is existing in both base class and derived class with same types
of parameters or same order of parameters is known as method Overriding.

Advantage of Java Method Overriding

● Method Overriding is used to provide specific implementation of a method that is already

provided by its super class.

Interface
Interface is similar to class which is collection of public static final variables (constants) and
abstract methods.The interface is a mechanism to achieve fully abstraction in java. There can be
only abstract methods in the interface. It is used to achieve fully abstraction and multiple
inheritance in Java.

When we use abstract and when Interface

If we do not know about any things about implementation just we have requirement specification
then we should be go for Interface
If we are talking about implementation but not completely (partially implemented) then we
should be go for abstract

Abstraction

Abstraction is the concept of exposing only the required essential characteristics and behavior
with respect to a context.
Hiding of data is known as data abstraction. In object oriented programming language this is
implemented automatically while writing the code in the form of class and object.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is a process of wrapping of data and methods in a single unit is called

encapsulation. Encapsulation is achieved in java language by class concept.Combining of state
and behavior in a single container is known as encapsulation. In java language encapsulation
 can be achieve using class keyword, state represents declaration of variables on attributes and
behavior represents operations in terms of method.

Benefits of encapsulation
● Provides abstraction between an object and its clients.
● Protects an object from unwanted access by clients.
● Example: A bank application forbids (restrict) a client to change an Account's balance

Inheritance

The process of obtaining the data members and methods from one class to another class is
known as inheritance. It is one of the fundamental features of object-oriented programming.
A class that is declared with abstract keyword, is known as abstract class. An abstract class is
one which is containing some defined method and some undefined method. In java
programming undefined methods are known as un-Implemented or abstract method.The
process of obtaining the data members and methods from one class to another class is known
as inheritance. It is one of the fundamental features of object-oriented programming.

Types of Inheritance
● Single inheritance
● Multiple inheritance
● Hierarchical inheritance
● Multilevel inheritance
● Hybrid inheritance

Why use Inheritance ?

● For Method Overriding (used for Runtime Polymorphism).
● It's main uses are to enable polymorphism and to be able to reuse code for different classes
by putting it in a common super class
● For code Re-usability
Wrapper Class
1. Introduction to Wrapper Classes
● Definition: Wrapper classes in Java are part of the java.lang package and are used to
encapsulate primitive data types into objects. They enable operations that require objects
instead of primitives, such as collections and generics.
● Purpose: Highlight why and where wrapper classes were utilized during the internship,
such as in data structures or frameworks that require object manipulation.

2. Use Case in the Project

● the specific use case where wrapper classes were used. For instance:
○ Conversion between primitive types and objects (autoboxing and unboxing).
○ Explain Usage in generic classes or collections like ArrayList or HashMap.
○ Facilitating nullability in data for optional values.
● Example:
In the data processing module of the internship project, Integer and Double wrapper classes
were used for handling numerical values stored in a HashMap, allowing null values to
represent missing data

3. Advantages and Disadvantages

● Advantages:
○ Provide methods for type conversion.
○ Enable usage in collections and generics.
○ Allow nullability for primitive values.
● Disadvantages:
○ Increased memory overhead compared to primitives.
○ Potential performance impact due to autoboxing/unboxing.
Exception Handling

1. Introduction to Exception Handling

● Definition: Exception handling is a programming technique used to manage errors or

abnormal conditions during the runtime of a program, allowing the application to
continue functioning or fail gracefully.
● Purpose: Prevents program crashes, improves user experience, and ensures reliable
system behavior.
● Key Concepts:
○ Try-Catch Block: Captures and handles exceptions.
○ Finally Block: Executes code regardless of exception occurrence.
○ Throw and Throws: Used to explicitly signal exceptions in a program.

2. Importance of Exception Handling

● Enhances the robustness and reliability of applications.

● Provides meaningful error messages to users or logs for debugging.
● Enables recovery mechanisms for unexpected errors.
● Separates normal logic from error-handling logic.

3. Application of Exception Handling in the Internship

● Describe how exception handling was utilized in the project:

○ Database Operations:
Used exception handling to manage database connection failures and invalid
query syntax.
○ File Handling:
Managed FileNotFoundException and IOException during file upload and
processing tasks.
○ Input Validation:
Prevented application crashes by handling exceptions like
NumberFormatException for invalid user inputs.
○ Network Operations:
Handled network timeouts and errors using SocketTimeoutException.
 JAVA ADVANCED
Package
A package is a collection of similar types of classes, interfaces and sub-packages.

Purpose of package

The purpose of package concept is to provide common classes and interfaces for any program
separately. In other words if we want to develop any class or interface which is common for
most of the java programs than such common classes and interfaces must be place in a package.

Exception Handling

The process of converting system error messages into user friendly error message is known as
Exception handling. This is one of the powerful feature of Java to handle run time error and
maintain normal flow of java application.
An Exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a program, that disrupts the
normal flow of the program's Instructions.

Type of Exception
● Checked Exception
● Un-Checked Exception
 Hierarchy of Exception classes

Multithreading
Multithreading in java is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. The aim of
multithreading is to achieve the concurrent execution.

Thread
Thread is a lightweight components and it is a flow of control. In other words a flow of control
is known as thread.State of a thread are classified into five types they are

1. New State
2. Ready State
3. Running State
4. Waiting State
5. Halted or dead State

String
String is a sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes (" ") is known as String.
Example: "Java Programming".
In java programming to store the character data we have a fundamental datatype called char.
Similarly to store the string data and to perform various operation on String data, we have three
predefined classes they are:

● String
● StringBuffer\StringBuilder
Collection

Collections in java is a framework that provides an architecture to store and manipulate the
group of objects.All the operations that you perform on a data such as searching, sorting,
insertion, manipulation, deletion etc. can be performed by Java Collections.Java Collection
simply means a single unit of objects. Java Collection framework provides many interfaces (Set,
List, Queue, Deque etc.) and classes (ArrayList, Vector, LinkedList, PriorityQueue, HashSet,
LinkedHashSet, TreeSet etc).
 Conclusion

This Training course was really helpful to me as I got to learn a new technology and upgrade my
skillset further. The course included lots of assignments and gave hands on experience about what
kind of programs have to be written on company level.I gained a lot knowledge about the language
and can use it to develop my own personal projects and websites

Due to all above reasons and to bridge the gap between theory and practical, our
Engineering curriculum provides a practical training of 120 days. During this period
a student work in the industry and get well all type of experience and knowledge
about the working of companies and hardware and software tools.

I have undergone my 120 days training in 7th sem at Parabit Technology Pvt Ltd in Indrapuri
. This report is based on the knowledge, which I acquired during my 120 days of training.