Question Bank

Sub: Electrical Network Analysis

Sub Code: PC-EE 301
Department of Electrical Engineering
Haldia Institute of Technology, West Bengal
Part -A
(Multiple Choice Questions)
One Mark MCQs:
(1) z-parameter is called
a) resistance parameter
b) inductance parameter
c) capacitance parameter
d) impedance parameter
(2) ABCD-parameters are called
a) open circuit parameter
b) transmission parameter
c) short-circuit parameter
d) hybrid parameter
(3) h-parameter is called
a) hyper parameter
b) hypo parameter
c) historic parameter
d) hybrid parameter
(4) In a two-port network total no. of ports are
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 2
(5) The Laplace transformation of the following exponential function f(t)=exp(at) is
a) 1/(s+a)
b) 1/(s-a)
c) 1/(s2-a2)
d) (s+a)/(s-a)
(6) The inverse Laplace transform of 1 is
a) Unit step function
b) Unit ramp function
c) A sinusoidal function
d) Unit impulse function.
(7) A function f(x) is said to be odd if
a) f(x)=-f(-x)
b) f(x)=f(-x)
c) f(x)=±f(x)
d) f(x)=a±f(x)
(8) A function f(x) is said to be even if
a) f(x)=-f(-x)
b) f(x)=f(-x)
c) f(x)=±f(x)
d) f(x)=a±f(x)
 (9) The Laplace transformation of the following exponential function f(t)=exp(at) is
a) 1/(s+a)
b) 1/(s-a)
c) 1/(s2-a2)
d) (s+a)/(s-a)

(10) The Laplace transformation of the following unit step function u(t)=1 for t>0 and zero
otherwise, is
a) 1/s
b) 1/s2
c) (s-a)/(s2+a2)
d) 1/s3
(11) The Laplace transformation of the following function f(t)=cos(ωt) is
a) a/(s+ω)
b) a/(ω-s)
c) ω/(s-a)
d) s/(s2+ω2)
(12) In a two port network short circuit admittance parameters are represented in the form of
a) Z
b) C
c) S
d) Y
(13) In a two port network, Y11 is given by
a) Z11/ΔY
b) Z21/ΔY
c) Z22/ΔY
d) Z12/ΔY.
(14) The Laplace transformation of the following exponential function f(t)=exp(-at) is
a) 1/(s+a)
b) 1/(s-a)
c) 1/(s2-a2)
d) (s+a)/(s-a)
(15) The Laplace transform of t is
a) s
b) 1/s2
c) 1/s3
d) 1/s4
(16) Time constant of RL series circuit is
a) 2L/R
b) RL
c) L/R
d) 2RL
(17) Resistor stores the energy in the form of
a) magnetic field
b) electrical field
c) both A and B
d) do not store energy

2|Page
 (18) A filter rejects all frequencies within a specified band and passes all those outside this band
called
a) low pass
b) high pass
c) band pass
d) band reject

(19) An electrical filter is a

a) phase-selective circuit
b) frequency-selective circuit
c) filter-selective circuit
d) resistance selective
(20) Filters are classified as
a) analog or digital
b) passive or active
c) audio or radio frequency
d) all of the mentioned
(21) The problem of passive filters is overcome by using
a) analog filter
b) active filter
c) LC filter
d) a combination of analog and digital filters
(22) A filter significantly attenuates all frequencies below fc and passes all frequencies above fc
a) low-pass
b) high-pass
c) band-pass
d) band-stop
(23) Which filter performs exactly the opposite to the band-pass filter?
a) Band-reject filter
b) Band-stop filter
c) Band-elimination filter
d) All of the mentioned
(24) Which mathematical notation specifies the condition of periodicity for a continuous time
signal?
a) x(t) = x(t +T0)
b) x(n) = x(n+ N)
c) x(t) = e-αt
d) x(n)=x(-n)
(25) Damped sinusoids are
a) sinusoid signals multiplied by growing exponentials
b) sinusoid signals plus growing exponentials
c) sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials
d) sinusoid signals minus decaying exponentials
(26) The Laplace transform of tn is
a) n!/(sn-1)
b) n!/(sn+1)
c) n!/(sn+10)

3|Page
 d) n!/(sn-10)
(27) A function f(t)=t for t≥0 and =0 for t<0: the function is
a) step
b) impulse
c) ramp
d) sinusoidal

(28) The unit of h11 parameter in a two port network is

a) mho
b) ohm
c) no unit
d) farad
(29) Signal is a _________
a) time variant
b) It is a physical phenomenon
c) conveys information
d) all of the above
(30) cos(x) is a
a) even function
b) odd function
c) a non-periodic function
d) Hyperbolic function
(31) In Y parameter Y12 can be found by
a) Open circuit input side
b) open circuit output
c) short circuit input
d) short circuit output
(32) In Y parameter Y11 can be found by
a) Open circuit input side
b) Open circuit output
c) Short circuit input
d) Short circuit output
(33) In Y parameter Y21 can be found by
a) Open circuit input side
b) open circuit output
c) short circuit input
d) short circuit output
(34) In Y parameter Y22 can be found by
a) Open circuit input side
b) Open circuit output
c) Short circuit input
d) Short circuit output
(35) Capacitor does not allow the sudden change of
a) current
b) resistance
c) power
d) voltage

4|Page
 (36) The internal resistance of an ideal voltage source is
a) 0 Ω
b) 1 Ω
c) 2 Ω
d) infinity Ω
(37) The internal resistance of an ideal current source is
a) 0 Ω
b) 1 Ω
c) 2 Ω
d) infinity Ω
(38) Conductance is expressed in terms of
a) ohm
b) mho
c) ampere
d) volt
(39) Which of the following is linear and bilateral parameter?
a) resistors
b) diode
c) MOSFET
d) CMOS
(40) The inverse Laplace transform of 1 is
a) impulse function
b) cosine function
c) unit step function
d) sinusoidal function.
(41) The basic purpose of filter at the output of a rectifier is to
a) minimize variations in ac input signal
b) suppress harmonics in rectified output
c) remove ripples from the rectified output
d) stabilize dc output voltage
(42) Which analog filter has two stop bands?
a) band-pass filter
b) low-pass filter
c) all-pass filter
d) Butterworth filter
(43) In Z parameter Z11 can be found by
a) open circuit input side
b) open circuit output
c) short circuit input
d) short circuit output
(44) In Z parameter Z12 can be found by
a) open circuit input side
b) open circuit output
c) short circuit input
d) short circuit output
(45) In Z parameter Z21 can be found by
a) Open circuit input side
b) open circuit output

5|Page
 c) short circuit input
d) short circuit output
(46) In Z parameter Z22 can be found by
a) Open circuit input side
b) open circuit output
c) short circuit input
d) short circuit output
(47) Two-Port Network is said to be symmetrical when the following equalities hold Good
a) Z11 = Z22 and Z12 = Z21
b) Z11 = Z22
c) Y12 = Y21
d) Y11 = Y22 and Y12 = Y21
(48) Two-Port Network is said to be reciprocal when the following equalities hold Good
a) AD=BC
b) AD-BC=1
c) AD=1
d) BC=1
(49) In h parameter h12 is called
a) transmission gain
b) reverse voltage gain
c) forward voltage gain
d) forward current gain
(50) In h parameter h21 is called
a) transmission gain
b) Reverse voltage gain
c) forward voltage gain
d) forward current gain
(51) Norton resistance RN is exactly equal to the Thevnin resistance RTh
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot say
d) None of the above
(52) When applying the superposition theorem to any circuit
a) The voltage source is shorted; the current source is opened.
b) The voltage source is opened; the current source is shorted.
c) Both are opened
d) Both are shorted
(53)Maximum power transfer occurs at a
a) 100% efficiency
b) 50% efficiency
c) 25% efficiency
d) 75% efficiency
(54)Two networks can be dual when
a) Their nodal equations are same
b) The loop equations of one network are the nodal equations of the other
c) Their loop equations are same
d) None of these

6|Page
 (55)If all the elements in a particular network are linear, then the superposition theorem would
hold, when the excitation is
a) DC only
b) AC only
c) either AC or DC
d) An impulse
(56)In balanced bridge, if the positions of detector and source are interchanged, the bridge will
still remain balanced. This can be explained from which theorem?
a) Reciprocity theorem
b) Thevenin’s theorem
c) Norton’s theorem
d) Compensation theorem
(57)When we use super node technique
a) Current source branch is common for two meshes
b) Ideal voltage source is connected between two non-reference nodes
c) Ideal voltage source is connected between non-reference node and reference node
d) All of these
(58)Which among the following is also regarded as 'Dual of Thevenin's Theorem'?
a) Norton's Theorem
b) Superposition Theorem
c) Millman's Theorem
d) Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
(59)What should be done, if the dependent current and voltage sources are present in a circuit
while applying 'Superposition Theorem'?
a) Replace them by open circuit
b) Replaced them by short circuit
c) Keep in their original form without replacing by either open or short circuits
d) None of the above
(60)Why does the Superposition theorem not applicable to power?
a) Because it is proportional to square of current and current is a non-linear function
b) Because it is proportional to square of voltage and voltage is a non-linear function
c) Both a) and b)
d) None of the above
(61)Mesh current analysis is based on
a) Kirchhoff’s current law
b) Kirchhoff’s voltage law
c) Maxwell’s law
d) None of the above
(62)Nodal analysis is based on
a) Kirchhoff’s current law
b) Kirchhoff’s voltage law
c) Maxwell’s law
d) None of the above
(63)The superposition theorem applies to
a) Current / Voltage calculations
b) Power calculations
c) Current and power calculations
d) Voltage and power calculations

7|Page
 (64)When a network is loaded by a resistance equal in value to its Norton resistance, the Norton
current is IN. The current through the load will be
a) IN/4
b) 2IN
c) IN/2
d) None of the above
(65)For transfer of maximum power, the relation between load resistance R and the internal
resistance r of the voltage source is
a) R=2r
b) R=1.5r
c) R=r
d) R=0.5r
(66)Reciprocity theorem is applicable to a network
1. Containing R, L and C elements
2. Which is initially not a relaxed system
3. Having both dependent and independent sources
Which of the above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1,2 and 3
(67)Superposition theorem is valid for
a) Linear circuits
b) Non-linear circuits
c) Both linear and non-linear circuits
d) Circuits with active elements
(68)Which theorem is applicable to both linear and nonlinear circuits?
a) Norton’s
b) Substitution
c) Tellegen
d) Superposition
(69)The theorem which states that in any linear, non-linear, passive, active, time-variant and
time-invariant network, the summation of instantaneous powers is zero will be called as
a) Tellegen’s theorem
b) Compensation theorem
c) Reciprocity theorem
d) Superposition Theorem
(70)Which of the following theorems states that in a linear bilateral network, the voltage and the
current source sinks can be interchanged?
a) Norton theorem
b) Superposition theorem
c) Reciprocity theorem
d) Maximum power transfer theorem
(71) The coefficient of mutual inductance M between two inductive coils L1 and L2 is given by
a) 𝑀 = 𝐿1 𝐿2
b) 𝑀 < 𝐿1 𝐿2
c) 𝑀 = √𝐿1 𝐿2

8|Page
 d) 𝑀 ≤ √𝐿1 𝐿2
(72) Reluctance of a magnetic circuit is given by
𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝐴
a)
𝑙
𝐴
b)
𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝑙
𝑙2
c) 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝐴
𝑙
d) 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝐴
(73)For magnetically isolated coils, the value of coefficient of coupling is:
a) 0
b) 1
c) 0.5
d) 0.75
(74)A magnetic circuit is applied with a current that changes at a rate of 5 A/sec. The circuit has
an inductance of 2 H, then the self-induced EMF is:
a) -4 V
b) -10 V
c) -2.5 V
d) 0.4 V
(75)According to the graph theory of loop analysis, how many equilibrium equations are
required at a minimum level in terms of number of branches (b) and number of nodes (n) in
the graph?
a) n-1
b) b+(n-1)
c) b-(n-1)
d) b/ n-1
(76)What would be an order of branch impedance matrix for the below stated KVL equilibrium
equation on the basis of loop or mesh analysis? E = B (Vs – ZbIs)
a) b x 1
b) b x b
c) b-n+1) x 1
d) (b-n+1) x b
(77)Consider the assertions given below. Which among them do/does not specify/ies the
property of 'Complete Incidence Matrix'?
a) Determinant of a loop of a complete incidence matrix is always zero
b) Addition of all entries in any column should never be equal to zero
c) Rank of connected or oriented graph is always 'n-1'
d) All of the above
(78)Which parameter should be essentially equal to the number of nodes in the network in
accordance to the principle of duality?
a) Total impedance
b) Total admittance
c) Number of meshes
d) Number of voltage sources
(79)How many fundamental cutsets will be generated for a graph with 'n' number of nodes?
a) n+1
b) n-1
c) n2(n-1)

9|Page
 d) n/(n-1)
(80)What will be the number of trees, if the graph exhibits reduction in the form of reduced
incident matrix given below?

1 0 1 −1 0 0
𝐴 = [ 0 1 −1 0 −1 0]
1 −1 0 0 0 1

a) 16
b) 24
c) 26
d) 28
(81)According to the linear graph theory, the number of possible trees is always equal to the
determinant of product of ______
a) Only complete incidence matrix
b) Reduced incidence matrix & its transpose
c) Cut-Set matrix
d) Tie-set matrix
(82)What will be the value of a rectangular (complete incidence) matrix, if an associated branch
is oriented towards the node?
a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) Not defined
(83)How many number of minimum end nodes or terminal nodes are involved in a tree,
according to its properties?
a) Only one
b) Two
c) Four
d) Infinite
(84)Which among the below specified assertions are precisely related to the conditions
applicable for a path to be an improper subgraph?
A. Incidence of a single branch at a terminating node
B. Incidence of two branches at the remaining nodes
a) A is true & B is false
b) A is false & B is true
c) Both A & B are true
d) Both A & B are false
(85) The graph associated with an electrical network has 7 branches and 5 nodes. The number of
independent KCL equations and the number of independent KVL equations, respectively, are
a) 2 and 5
b) 5 and 2
c) 3 and 4
d) 4 and 3
(86)The total number of branches in a network is equal to b. The graph of the network has n
number of branches. The minimum number of line currents is
a) b+n
b) b
c) b-n

10 | P a g e
 d) n
(87)The laws used in cutsets and tiesets of a network are
a) Ohm’s Law
b) Kirchoff’s Law
c) Biot savart’s Law
d) Lorentz Law
(88)Which network topology term got reference directions and marked on the edges of the
graph by arrow heads?
a) Sub-graph
b) Node
c) Vertex
d) Oriented graph
(89) For magnetically coupled circuits, mutual inductance is always ______.
a) Infinite
b) Negative
c) Positive
d) Zero
(90)Two coils are said to be ‘magnetically isolated’, provided the coefficient of coupling K _____.
a) Is less than or equal to one
b) Is less than one
c) Is equal to zero
d) Is equal to one
(91) If an ac voltage wave is corrupted with an arbitrary number of harmonics, the the overall
voltage waveform differs from its fundamental frequency component in terms of
a) Only the peak values
b) Only the rms values
c) Only the average values
d) All the three measures (peak, rms, and average values)
(92) An even waveform when expressed in exponential fourier series will contain
a) Only imaginary coefficients
b) Only real coefficients
c) Both of a) and b)
d) None of these
(93) Fourier Transform of rectangular pulse is
a) Impulse
b) Sinc function
c) Rectangular pulse
d) Triangular pulse
(94) The fourier series of a real periodic function has only
I. Cosine terms if it is even
II. Sine terms if it is even
III. Cosine terms if it is odd
IV. Sine terms if it is odd
Which of the above statements are correct?

a) I and IV
b) I and III
c) II and IV

11 | P a g e
 d) II and III
(95) The fourier series assists in finding the steady state response by transfering the analysis
from the:
a) Frequency domain to time domain
b) Frequency domain to amplitude domain
c) Amplitude domain to phase domain
d) Time domain to frequency domain
(96)A function f(t) is said to have half-wave odd symmetry if:
𝑇
a) 𝑓(𝑡) = −𝑓 (𝑡 ± 2)
𝑇
b) 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑓 (𝑡 − 4)
𝑇
c) 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑓 (𝑡 + )
4
𝑇
d) 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑓 (𝑡 − 2
)
(97) A periodic function of half wave symmetry is necessarily
a) An even function
b) An odd function
c) Neither even nor odd
d) Either odd or even
(98)Which of the following theorems/ laws states that “the average power in a periodic
waveform f(t) is the sum of powers in its harmonics”?
a) Kirchhoff’s Law
b) Parseval Theorem
c) Maxwell Theorem
d) Fourier Theorem
(99)Which of the following will not be presented in the trigonometric Fourier series of an even
function of time?
a) Sine terms
b) Cosine terms
c) DC terms
d) Odd harmonic terms
(100) Which are the only waves that correspond/ support the measurement of phase angle in the
line spectra?
a) Sine waves
b) Cosine waves
c) Triangular waves
d) Square waves
(101) Double-sided phase & amplitude spectra _____
a) Possess an odd & even symmetry respectively
b) Possess an even & odd symmetry respectively
c) Both possess an odd symmetry
d) Both possess an even symmetry
(102) Which property of Fourier transform gives rise to an additional phase shift of -2πftd for the
generated time delay in the communication system without affecting an amplitude spectrum?
a) Time Scaling
b) Linearity
c) Time Shifting
d) Duality

12 | P a g e
 (103) Duality Theorem / Property of Fourier Transform states that _________
a) Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can be interchangeable
b) Shape of signal in frequency domain & shape of spectrum can be interchangeable
c) Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can never be interchangeable
d) Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can never be interchangeable

Answer:

1.d 2.b 3.d 4.d 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.b 9.b 10.a 11.d 12.d 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.c 17.d 18.d 19.b 20.d

21.b 22.b 23.d 24.b 25.c 26.b 27.c 28.b 29.d 30.a 31.c 32.d 33.d 34.c 35.d 36.a 37.d 38.b 39.a 40.a
41.c 42.a 43.b 44.a 45.b 46.a 47.a 48.b 49.b 50.d

51.a 52.a 53.b 54.b 55.c 56.a 57.b 58.a 59.c 60.a 61.b 62.a 63.a 64.c 65.c 66.a 67.a 68.c 69.a 70.c
71.d 72.d 73.a 74.b 75.c 76.b 77.b 78.c 79.b 80.b 81.b 82.b 83.b 84.c 85.d 86.d 87.b 88.d 89.c 90.c
91.d 92.b 93.b 94.a 95.d 96.a 97.d 98.b 99.a 100.b 101.a 102.c 103.a

Two marks MCQs:

(1) In ac RC series circuit total voltage is 10V and voltage across resistor is 6V, then what is voltage
across capacitor?
a) 4V
b) 8V
c) 16V
d) 10V
(2) In RLC series circuit, if the voltage across capacitor is greater than voltage across inductor,
then power factor of the network is
a) lagging
b) leading
c) unity
d) zero
(3) The value of the total impedance in S-domain is (initial conditions are taken as 0)?

a) R-LS-1/CS
b) R+LS-1/CS
c) R+LS+1/CS
d) R-LS+1/CS
(4) A series R-L circuit with R = 30Ω and L = 15H has a constant voltage V = 60V applied at t = 0
as shown in the figure. Determine the current in the circuit at steady state condition.

13 | P a g e
 a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
(5) Transients are presents in the circuit when the circuit is having
a) R
b) L
c) C
d) Either b) or c)

(6) In the circuit shown below, find the Z-parameter Z11.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
(7) Two two port network Na and Nb with Z parameter Z11a and Z11b connected in series, the
overall Z11 parameter of the network is
a) Z11a Z11b
b) Z11a +Z11b
c) Z11a- Z11b
d) Z11a/ Z11b
(8) Identify the frequency response curve for a band-pass filter.

14 | P a g e
 (9) Laplace transformation of e-atsin(ωt) is
a) ω/s
b) ω/((s+a)2+ω2)
c) ω/((s-a)2+ω2)
d) ω/((s-a)2+ω2)
(10) Find the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) where X(s)=(2s-8)/((s-2)(s-3))
a) 3𝑒 2𝑡 − 2𝑒 3𝑡
b) 2𝑒 4𝑡 − 2𝑒 3𝑡
c) 4𝑒 2𝑡 − 2𝑒 3𝑡
d) 4𝑒 2𝑡 − 3𝑒 3𝑡
(11) In a RC series circuit, If the value of R=1000Ω and C=1 µF, what is the value of time constant
a) 0.5 ms
b) 1 ms
c) 10 ms
d) 100 ms
(12) In a series R, L circuit, voltage across resistor and inductor are 3 V and 4 V respectively, then
what is the applied voltage?
a) 7 V
b) 5 V
c) 4 V
d) 3 V
(13) In a RL series circuit, If the value of R=1000Ω and L=1 mH, what is the value of time
constant
a) 1 ms
b) 10 ms
c) 100 ms
d) 1000 ms
(14) Find the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) where X(s)=s/(s2+3s+2)
a) 2𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡
b) 2𝑒 −2𝑡 − 3𝑒 −𝑡
c) 2𝑒 −3𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡

15 | P a g e
 d) 2𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡
(15) Which of the following time system operates with a continuous time signal and produces a
continuous time output signal
a) Continuous time system
b) Discrete time system
c) Time invariant system
d) Time variant system
(16) In a short circuit admittance parameter Y11 is called
a) Forward transfer admittance with output open circuited.
b) Input driving point admittance with input short circuited.
c) Input driving point admittance with output short circuited.
d) Forward transfer impedance with output short circuited.
(17) Laplace transformation of e-atsin(ωt) is
a) ω/s
b) ω/((s+a)2+ω2)
c) ω/((s-a)2+ω2)
d) ω/((s-a)2+ω2)
(18) Laplace transformation of e-atcos(ωt) is
a) ω/s
b) ω/{(s+a)2+ω2}
c) ω/{(s-a)2+ω2}
d) (s+a)/{(s+a)2+ω2}
(19) Find the Inverse Laplace transform of X(s) where X(s)=(2s-8)/((s-2)(s-3))
a) 3𝑒 2𝑡 − 2𝑒 3𝑡
b) 2𝑒 2𝑡 − 4𝑒 3𝑡
c) 4𝑒 2𝑡 − 2𝑒 3𝑡
d) 4𝑒 2𝑡 − 3𝑒 3𝑡
(20) Laplace transformation sinhωt is
a) ω/(s2-ω2)
b) (ω+1)/(s2+ω2)
c) (ω-1)/(s2+ω2)
d) s/(s2+ω2)
(21) The value of Z 21(s) in the circuit shown below is

s
a)
 1 
s  RC 
 
s
b)
 1 
C s  
 RC 

16 | P a g e
 s
c) 1
 1 
C s  
 RC 
s
d) +2
 1 
C s  
 RC 
(22) For the 2 port network as shown below, the Z-matrix is __________

𝑧 +𝑧 𝑧 +𝑧
a) [𝑧1 + 𝑧2 1 𝑧 2 ]
1 2 2
𝑧1 𝑧1
b) [𝑧 + 𝑧 𝑧 ]
1 2 2
𝑧1 𝑧1 + 𝑧2
c) [𝑧 + 𝑧 𝑧2 ]
1 2
𝑧1 𝑧1
d) [𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑧 ]
1 1 2
(23) Laplace transformation of e-atsin(ωt) is
a) ω/s
b) ω/{(s+a)2+ω2}
c) ω/{(s-a)2+ω2}
d) ω/{(s-a)2+ω2}
(24) Laplace transformation of e-atcos(ωt) is
a) ω/s
b) (s-a)/{(s-a)2+ω2}
c) (s+a)/{(s+a)2+ω2}
d) ω/{(s-a)2+ω2}
(25) A network consists of linear resistors and ideal voltage source. If the value of the resistors are
doubled then voltage across each resistor is
a) Halved
b) Doubled
c) Increased four lines
d) Not changed
(26) A network has 4 nodes and 3 independent loops. What is the number of branches in the
network ?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
(27) For determining the polarity of a voltage drop across a resistor, it is necessary to know the
a) Value of resistor
b) Value of current
c) Direction of current flowing through the resistor

17 | P a g e
 d) Value of e.m.f. in the circuit
(28) Star circuit has element of resistance R. The equivalent delta elements will be
a) R
b) 2R
c) 3R
d) 4R
(29) A practical current source is represented by
a) A resistance in series with an ideal current source
b) A resistance in parallel with an ideal current source
c) A resistance in parallel with an ideal voltage source
d) A resistance in series with an ideal voltage source
(30) Two ideal voltage sources of unequal output voltages cannot be placed in
a) Series
b) Parallel
c) Both series and parallel
d) Neither parallel nor series
(31) In a series R, L circuit, voltage across resistor and inductor are 3 V and 4 V respectively, then
what is the applied voltage?
a) 7 V
b) 5 V
c) 4 V
d) 3 V
(32) In a RL series circuit, If the value of R=1000Ω and L=1 mH, what is the value of time constant
a) 1 ms
b) 10 ms
c) 100 ms
d) 1000 ms
(33) Find the Inverse Laplace transform of X(s) where X(s)=s/(s2+3s+2)
a) 2𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡
b) 2𝑒 −2𝑡 − 3𝑒 −𝑡
c) 2𝑒 −3𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡
d) 2𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡
(34) Following short circuit currents and voltages are obtained experimentally for a two port
network
1. With output short circuited: I1=5mA; I2=-0.3mA; V1=25V
2. With output short circuited: I1=-5mA; I2=-10mA; V2=30V
Determine the value of Y11.
a) 0.1
b) 0.2
c) 0.3
d) 0.4
(35) Find the Inverse Laplace transform of X(s) where X(s)=(2s-8)/{(s-2)(s-3)}
a) 3𝑒 2𝑡 − 2𝑒 3𝑡
b) 2𝑒 2𝑡 − 4𝑒 3𝑡
c) 4𝑒 2𝑡 − 2𝑒 3𝑡
d) 4𝑒 2𝑡 − 3𝑒 3𝑡
(36) In a RC series circuit, If the value of R=1000Ω and C=1 µF, what is the value of time constant
a) 0.5ms

18 | P a g e
 b) 1ms
c) 10ms
d) 100ms
(37) In a π- type two port resistive network the value of all the resistances are equal to 1 Ω.
What is the value of Z11
a) 0.33
b) 0.66
c) 0.99
d) 1
(38) In a π- type two port resistive network the value of all the resistances are equal to 2 Ω.
What is the value of Y11
a) 0.33 Ω
b) 0.33 Ʊ
c) 0.66 Ʊ
d) 0.66 Ω
(39) Two two port network Na and Nb with Z parameter Z11a and Z11b connected in series, the
overall Z11 parameter of the network is
a) Z11a Z11b
b) Z11a+Z11b
c) Z11a-Z11b
d) Z11a/Z11b
(40) In Y-parameter unit of each parameter
e) Ohm
f) Mho
g) Volt
h) Ampere
(41) Find the mutual inductance between two ideally coupled coils of 2 H and 8 H
a) 16 H
b) 8 H
c) 4 H
d) 2 H
(42) A coil is wound with 50 turns and a current of 8 A produces a flux of 200 μWb. Calculate the
inductance of the coil
a) 0.25 mH
b) 2.5 mH
c) 1.25 mH
d) 0.125 mH
(43) Two identical coils X and Y of 500 turns each lie in parallel planes such that 80% of flux
produced by one coil links with the other. If a current of 5A flowing in X produces a flux of
10 mWb in it, find the mutual inductance between X and Y
a) 0.8 H
b) 8 H
c) 0.16 H
d) 16 H
(44) When two coupled coils of equal self-inductance are connected in series in one way, the net
inductance is 12mH and when they are connected in other way, the net inductance is 4mH.
The maximum value of inductance when they are connected in parallel in a suitable way is:
a) 2 mH

19 | P a g e
 b) 3 mH
c) 4 mH
d) 6 mH
(45) Two coupled coils with L1=L2=0.5H have a coupling coefficient of K=0.75. The turn ratio
N1/N2=?
a) 4
b) 0.5
c) 2
d) 1
(46) The second harmonic component of the periodic waveform given in the figure has an
amplitude of

a) 0
b) 1
2
c) 𝜋
d) √5
(47) Fourier series for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 is
a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
b) 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
c) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
d) 0.5 − 0.5𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
(48) The waveform shown in the figure contains

a) Only odd cos terms

b) Only even sin terms
c) Both sin and cos odd terms
d) Both sin and cos even terms
(49) The exponential Fourier series coefficient C0 of 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 is
a) 0
b) ½
c) -1
d) 2
(50) A function f(t) has cosine terms and only odd harmonics in its frequency spectrum. The
𝑇
waveform of f(t) for t=0 to 4 is given. Construct f(t) for a period T.
f(t)
A

T/4 t

20 | P a g e
 f(t)

T/2

T/4 3T/4 T

-A

a) f(t)

T/2

T/4 3T/4 T t

-A

b) f(t)

T/2

T/4 3T/4 T t

-A

c)
f(t)

T/2

T/4 3T/4 T t

-A

d)
(51) The fourier series expansion of sgn(cos(t)) has _______, where sgn represents the signum
function.
a) Only sine terms with even harmonics
b) Only sine terms with odd harmonics
c) Only cosine terms with odd harmonics
d) Only cosine terms with even harmonics
(52) Find the fourier series coefficients for the continuous time periodic signal
1.5, 0 < 𝑡 < 1
𝑥(𝑡) = { , with fundamental frequency π
−1.5, 1 < 𝑡 < 2
3
a) 𝑛𝜋 [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋]
3
b) [1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝜋]
(𝑛−1)𝜋
3
c) (𝑛−1)𝜋
[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋]
9
d) [2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋]
2𝑛𝜋
(53) The waveform is given by 𝑣(𝑡) = 10sin(2𝜋100𝑡). What will be the magnitude of the
second harmonic in its Fourier series representation?
a) 0 V
b) 20 V
c) 100 V
d) 200 V
𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝜋
(54) For a periodic function 𝑓(𝑡) = { with a period of 2π, Fourier coefficients
0, 𝜋 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝜋
a1 and b1 are
𝐴
a) 𝑎1 = 𝜋 ; 𝑏1 = 0
𝐴
b) 𝑎1 = 2 ; 𝑏1 = 0
𝐴
c) 𝑎1 = 0; 𝑏1 = 𝜋
𝐴
d) 𝑎1 = 0; 𝑏1 = 2

21 | P a g e
 (55) Fourier series representation of a periodic current is [2 + 6√2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡 + √48𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔𝑡] A. The
effective value of the current is
a) (2+6+√24) A
b) 8 A
c) 6 A
d) 2 A
(56) For a periodic square wave, which one of the following statements is TRUE?
a) The Fourier series coefficients do not exist.
b) The Fourier series coefficients exist but the reconstruction converges at no point.
c) The Fourier series coefficients exist and the reconstruction converges at most points.
d) The Fourier series coefficients exist and the reconstruction converges at every point.
(57) Match list 1(Fourier series and Fourier Transform) with list 2(their properties) and select the
answer using codes given below:
List 1 List 2
A. Fourier series 1. Discrete and periodic
B. Continuous Fourier transform 2. Continuous and periodic
C. Discrete time Fourier series 3. Continuous and aperiodic
a) A-2, B-3, C-1
b) A-3, B-2, C-1
c) A-1, B-3, C-2
d) A-2, B-1, C-3
(58) For a continuous time signal which is a linear combination of unit impulse functions given as
𝑥(𝑡) = [𝛿(𝑡 − 2) + 𝛿(𝑡 + 2) + 𝛿(𝑡 − 1) + 𝛿(𝑡 + 1)]
The fourier transform of 𝑥(𝑡) is
a) 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔
b) 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔
c) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔
d) 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔
1, |𝑡| < 2
(59) A signal is represented 𝑥(𝑡) = {
0, |𝑡| > 2
𝑡
The fourier transform of the convoluted signal 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(3𝑡)⨂𝑥 (3) is
2 2𝜔
a) sin ( ) sin(6𝜔)
𝜔2 3
1 2𝜔
b) sin ( ) sin(6𝜔)
4𝜔2 3
4 2𝜔
c) 𝜔2
sin ( 3 ) sin(6𝜔)
d) None of the above
(60) Which among the below assertions is precise in accordance to the effect of time scaling?
A: Inverse relationship exists between the time and frequency domain representation of signal
B: A signal must be necessarily limited in time as well as frequency domains
a) A is true & B is false
b) A is false & B is true
c) Both A & B are true
d) Both A & B are false

22 | P a g e
 (61) Determine Thevenin’s equivalent resistance
a
(in ohms) and voltage (in volts) respectively
across terminal ‘a’ and ‘b’ for the given 10  5

10 
electrical circuit.

20 V
a) 12, 40 4A
b) 20, 80
c) 10, 30 b

d) 10, 50
(62) As shown in the figure, a 1Ω resistance is connected across a source that has a load line
V+i=100. The current through the resistance is

a) 25 A
b) 50 A
c) 100 A
d) 200 A I R1

(63) Find I in the network shown 17V

a) 1 A
25 V
b) 10 A 14 A R2 0.4I
c) 17 A
d) 25 A
(64) For the network shown in the given figure,
4 1
find Norton’s current, assuming 2Ω as the
load. R1 R3
2

B2
B1

28 V 7V
R2

a) 5 A (Load)
b) 1 A
c) 7 A
d) 14 A
(65) The sources impedance Zs = (6+j8) Ω in the circuit shown. Maximum real power is
transferred to the load impedance when ZL is equal to
a) (6+j8) Ω
b) 6 Ω
c) 10 Ω
d) (6-j8) Ω I
8

(66) What is the value of current I in the 3

circuit? 3A
4
6
6V

a) 2/7 A
b) 1 A
c) 2 A
d) 4 A
(67) A certain network consists of two ideal voltage sources and a large number of ideal
resistors. The power consumed in one of the resistors is 4 W when either of the two sources
is active and the other is replaced by a short circuit. The power consumed by the same
resistor, when both the sources are simultaneously active, would be:
a) Zero or 16 W
b) 4 W or 8 W

23 | P a g e
 c) Zero or 8 W
d) 8 W or 16 W
(68) The value of Thevenin’s voltage (Vth) and x
resistance (Rth) respectively across x-y for the 1 i
2
circuit shown below is:

1
2i 2A
a) Vth=7 V, Rth= 3 Ω
b) Vth=18 V, Rth= 24 Ω y

c) Vth=2 V, Rth= 4 Ω
d) Vth=4 V, Rth= 2 Ω
(69) Inverse Fourier Transform of 𝑢(𝜔) is
𝑗
a) 𝛿(𝑡) + 𝜋𝑡
1 𝑗
b) 2
𝛿(𝑡) + 𝜋𝑡
1 𝑗
c) 𝛿(𝑡) +
2 2𝜋𝑡
1
d) 𝛿(𝑡) + 𝑠𝑔𝑛(𝑡)
2
(70) Fourier Transform of x(t)=1 is
a) 2πδ(ω)
b) πδ(ω)
c) 3πδ(ω)
d) 4πδ(ω)
(71) What is the energy stored in 1 second in an inductor while carrying current i=20+10t where
t is the time in seconds if the electromotive force induced in the coil due to self-induction is
40 mV?
a) 1.8 J
b) 0.45 J
c) 0.9 J
d) 1.2 J
(72) Calculate the mutual inductance for a system defined below.
Two coils P and Q are kept in parallel planes, such that 70% of the flux produced by coil P links with
coil Q. The number of turns in coil P is 10,000 and in coil Q is 12,000. A current of 4 A in coil P
produces a flux of 0.04 mWb while a current of 4 A in coil Q produces a flux of 0.08 mWb.
a) 1.25 H
b) 0.9 H
c) 0.08 H
d) 3.21 H
(73) Consider the following statements regarding trees:
1. A tree contains all the nodes of the graph
2. A tree shall contain any one of the loops
3. Every connected graph has at least one tree
Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 and 1 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
(74) What will be the number of tie set currents in the given circuit?

24 | P a g e
 5 2
2

V
10
6 3

4

a) 4
b) 3
c) 6
d) 1
(75) Considering principle of duality of Network topology, which of the following pair is invalid
dual pair?
a) Resistance and Conductance
b) Impedance and Reactance
c) Voltage and Current
d) Inductance and Capacitance
Answer:
1.b 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.c 11.b 12.b 13.d 14.a 15.a 16.c 17.b 18.d 19.c 20.a 21.b 22.d
23.b 24.c 25.d 26.d 27.c 28.c 29.b 30.b 31.b 32.d 33.a 34.b 35.c 36.b 37.b 38.b 39.b 40.b

41.c 42.c 43.a 44.b 45.d 46.a 47.d 48.c 49.b 50.c 51.c 52.a 53.a 54.d 55.b 56.c 57.a 58.b 59.c 60.a
61.c 62.b 63.b 64.d 65.d 66.c 67.a 68.d 69.c 70.a 71.a 72.c 73.b 74.b 75.b

Part -B
(Short/long Answer Type Questions)
Introduction
(1) Convert the current sources into equivalent voltage sources and find the voltage V0.

(2) For the circuit shown below, find the node voltages.

V1 10Ω V2

2A 7A
2V
2Ω 4Ω

(3) For the circuit shown below, find the value of the current i. [GATE 2008]

25 | P a g e
 1 3
a b
Vab

5V i
1 1
4Vab

(4) Find the value of Vx in the following circuit:

(5) Find the current in 3ohm resistor for the circuit shown below.

5 3
10A 2 5A 1 5 10V

(6) Find Vx using source transformation technique in the below figure

+ Vx -
a
10 12 b 20

50V 40 8A 40V

(7) Solve for V0 using mesh analysis:

(8) Determine the value of v2 such that the current through the impedance (3+j4)Ω is zero.

26 | P a g e
2-Port Network
(1) a) What is ABCD parameter? Prove that AD-BC=1
for a reciprocal network. [5]
b) Define the open circuit impedance parameter of
a two port network. Find out the Z-parameters
for the network. [5]

(2) What are transmission parameters? Where are their used?

(3) Find T Matrix of a T network.Z13=j20  , Z23=j20  , Z30=30 
(4) Find H matrix of a π network. Z12=2  , Z10=1  , Z20=3 
(5) a) Find the condition for the reciprocity and symmetry for the Y parameter.
b) Obtain ABCD parameter for the cascaded network with Z13=10  , Z30=50  , Z34=20  ,
Z40=20  , Z42=50  , Z20=10 
(6) (a)The hybrid parameters of a
two-port network shown in 1 500Ω I2
figure are h 11=1k  , 3 2
100 10 V
h 12=0.003, h 21=100, V1 V2 2kΩ
h22=50µƱ. Find V 2 & Z
1' 2'
parameters of the network.

(7) For the network given below determine the X parameters

3V1
I1 I2
4Ω 1Ω
V1 2Ω V2
1Ω

(8) For the lattice network shown in figure below find Z parameters.

Za

Zb
Zb

Za
(9) Obtain the Y parameter of the network shown below.
3

5 5

5

(10)A 2 port network is described as Z13=10  ,Z23=5  ,Z12=20  ,Z30=40  .Find Y matrix .

27 | P a g e
 (11)Find h parameters for the following 2 port network. [GATE 2003]
4 2 2

2 4

(12)Find Y parameters for the following network. [GATE 2002]

2 2

2

(13)a) Find the transmission parameters for the two-port network shown below:

I1 I2

10Ω A
3I1
20Ω

b) Find the Y parameters of the two-part network shown below.

j4s 3s
2s

4s

-j2s -j6s

(14) Find the Thevenin equivalent between A-B for the following circuit. [ GATE 1997]

(15) a) Find the Z- parameter and ABCD parameter of circuit given below in the figure.
I1 5Ω 1Ω I2
j2 Ω
-j5 Ω

+
- 3I2

b) Express h-parameter in terms of Y- parameter of a two port network

c) What is the cascade connection between two 2-port networks? Explain with diagram. 7+4+4

(16) a) what are ABCD parameter? Prove that ΔT= (AD-BC) =1. 7
b) Find the z-parameter for the network shown in figure below. Hence, find the h-parameter
for the same network.

28 | P a g e
 I1 I2
2Ω
4Ω 3Ω
V2
V1
0.1 I2 10Ω

(17) Find the equivalent π- network for the T- network as shown in the figure.
2
1 2Ω 2.5 Ω

0.5 Ω

1'
2'

(18) Derive the condition for reciprocity and symmetry for h-parameter. [7]
(19) Draw the equivalent circuit of a Y parameter network. Following short circuit currents
and voltages are obtained experimentally for a two port network
a) With output short circuited
I1=5mA; I2=-0.3mA; V1=25V
b) With output short circuited
I1=-5mA; I2=-10mA; V2=30V
Determine Y parameters.
(20) The two port network [Na] and [Nb] are connected in series combination. Determine the
overall Z parameter.
(21) The two port network [Na] and [Nb] are connected in parallel combination. Determine
the overall Z parameter.
(22) Derive the relationship between Z parameter and Y parameter.

Fourier Series and Fourier Transform

(1) a) Find out the Fourier Transform of [5]
 a|t |
f (t )  e
(2) Explain with example, odd symmetry & even symmetry of periodic waveforms [4]
(3) a) Obtain the Fourier series expansion of the sawtooth voltage shown. [6]
v(t)

-T 0 T 2T 3T

b) Determine the output voltage across the capacitor if the excitation is a current source of
i(t )  e t u(t ) . [6]

R= V(t)
C = 1F
0.5

29 | P a g e
 c) Determine the output voltage response v(t) across the capacitor using Fourier transform
for a current source i(t)= 10e-t u(t), where u(t) is a unit step function. 6

(4) a) Find Fourier series for a square wave having even symmetry.
b) Find Fourier series of the voltage
v(t) =10e*(-t) t>=0,
=0 t<0. [5+5]
(5) a) Explain odd and even symmetry of a periodic waveform.
b) Determine Fourier expansion of an odd symmetrical triangular waveform of maximum
amplitude 1v.
c) Find Fourier transform of f(t)=e*(-a|t|).
d) Find Fourier Transform of the following waveform.

-π/2 π/2

-1
(6) Find the Fourier Transform for the following gate function:

(7) Find the Fourier transform of an exponential voltage waveform given by

v (t) = V0e-t for t  0
= 0 for t < 0 [5]
(8) a) Determine the Fourier series for the half wave rectified cosine function shown.

f(t)
1

t
-3 -1 1 3 5

(9) a) Determine the Fourier Series expansion for the following waveform:

1
t
T T
4
-1

30 | P a g e
 (10)Consider the voltage waveform V, find [GATE 2001]
V

+1V

0 3 5 8 10 13
t(ms)

-1V

a) The dc component of V
b) The amplitude of the fundamental component of V
c) The rms value of the ac part of V
(11) a) Find the Fourier expansion of the following waveform shown in figure.
V

-π 0 π 2π 3π ωt

-V
b) Determine the Fourier transform and sketch the amplitude and phase spectrums of the
function
f (t) = Ve-t/a for t ≥ 0
=0 for t ≤0 [8+7]
(12) Define Fourier transform. How does Fourier Transform differ from Laplace transform? [5]

Filter
(1) a) Draw the circuit diagram of a 1st order LP filter and express the cut-off frequency.
b) Draw and explain the characteristics of ideal BS and BP filter.
(2) a) Differentiate between active and passive filter.
b) Find out the gain and cut-off frequency of the following filter.

c) Draw the circuit diagram of a 1st order HP filter and find out the cut-off frequency.

(3) Design a first-order high-pass filter so that it has a cutoff frequency of 400Hz and passband
gain of 1.
(4) Design a second-order low-pass filter at a cut-off frequency of 1.2kHz.
(5) Design a second-order high-pass filter at a cut-off frequency of 1kHz.
(6) Design a wide band-pass filter with fL=400Hz, fH= 2kHz, and pass-band gain 4.

(7) Design a wide band-reject filter with fL=2kHz, fH= 400Hz, and pass-band gain 2.
(8) Design a 400Hz active notch filter.

31 | P a g e
 (9) a) The circuit given below shows a low pass second order active filter. Analyze the circuit and
find the cut-off frequency.

b) For the second order high pass filter shown below, find the cut off frequency and the high
frequency gain.

58.7k 58.7k

Vi Vo
1nf 1nf 39k

39k

(10)a) Differentiate between

i) Active filter and passive filter
ii) High pass filter and low pass filter

(11)a) What is filter? Discuss the advantages of an active filter over a passive filter.
Vo
b) What is band-pass filter? Derive the gain of a first order Butterworth active band-
Vin
pass filter.
(12)a) Draw the circuit diagram of a first order high pass fitter & find out the expression of the
cut-off frequency.
b) What do you mean by wide band pass and narrow band pass filters? Draw the circuit
diagram for the two types of filters.

(13) (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a first order high pass filter and find out the
expression of the cut-off frequency.
b) Draw and explain the characteristics of ideal band-pass & band-stop filter.
c)The circuit shown in figure is a second order low-pass filter. Analyze the circuit and
find out the cut-off frequency.

(14)Determine the cut off frequency for the high pass filter shown below.

36mH

32 | P a g e
 (15)Design a first-order low-pass filter so that it has a cutoff frequency of 2 kHz and pass-band
gain of 2.
(16) Explain under what condition, a RC series circuit behaves as
i) how-pass filter
ii) Integrator.
(17) a) What are the advantages of active filter over passive filter?
b) Design a high-pass active filter of cut-off frequency 1kHz with a pass-band gain of 2.
c) Draw the circuit diagram of a first order low pass-filter and find out the expression of the
cut-off frequency.
(18) a) A 2nd order active filter is shown in figure below. Find out the transfer function of the
filter and show that it is low pass filter.

b) Design a high pass filter with a high frequency gain of 5 and a corner frequency of 2kHz.
Use a 0.1µF capacitor in your design.
(19) Draw the circuit diagram of second order active low pass filter. Derive the equations.
Explain how it works. Draw necessary graph.
(20) Draw the circuit diagram of second order active high pass filter. Derive the equations.
Explain how it works. Draw necessary graph.

Coupled circuits:
(1) What is the equivalent inductance seen at terminals A-B?

(2) Write the mesh equations of the circuit shown in figure

(3) In the network shown in figure find the source voltage V1 for which the current in the 200
source is zero.

(4) Determine the voltage across the capacitor in the circuit in figure.

33 | P a g e
Laplace transform:
(1) a) Define Gate function? Using Gate function find out the Laplace Transform of a single Sine
wave as shown below [5]
A

0 T/2
b) The following circuit is initially under steady state condition. The switch is then moved from
position 1 to position 2 at t=0. find the current i(t) after switching. [4]

(2) a) Find the Laplace transform of the periodic waveform shown in figure.

f(t) 1

t
pi 2pi
b) Define convolution theorem.
(3) a) The LT of a current waveform is given as
I(s)=10(s+4)/{s(s+3)(s+1)2}.Find current in time domain.
b) Determine the LT of the periodic square train of amplitude A and duty cycle 50%.
c) A inductor of 1H is connected with a battery of 20 through a 10  resistor. At t=0 sec the
inductor is disconnected from the circuit and connected across a capacitor of 100 μF. Find the
transient response.
(4) a) Determine the inverse Laplace Transform of [5]
1
F ( s) 
s( s  a 2 )
2

b) State and prove final value theorem. [5]

c) Find L -1{F1(s)F2(s)} by using the convolution of the following functions:
1 1
F1 s   & F2 s   [8+2+5]
s 1 s2

34 | P a g e
(5) In the circuit given below, the switch is initially in position 1 until the steady state is reached. At
t=0, the switch is moved to position 2. Find i(t), the loop current.

(6) Determine the current response of a RL circuit using L.T. for a voltage source v(t)= 10e-t u(t),
where u(t) is a unit step function. R=2 Ω, L=1H.
(7) In a RL series circuit current flowing=5+100(1000t+45°)+100(3000t+60°). R=9Ω, L=8H. Find V(s).
Solve the circuit and find V0.
2 Ohm 12 Ohm

AC 5V -j1 Ohm

4 Ohm
V0
+
i0
- 2i0

(8) Determine L.T. of the following function: f(t)=kt 0<=t<=T;

=0 elsewhere.
(9) a) State the final value theorem. [2]
b) Find the expression for the current i(t) for a series R-C circuit, if the circuit is initially relaxed.
[3]
c) In the circuit shown below, determine the current i(t) when the switch is changed from
position 1 to position 2 at t=0. Find the steady state current using final value theorem. [10]
k
10Ω
1 2
0.5H

10V 50V

(10) The response of a network to an impulse is

Find the response of the network to a step function using convolution theorem. [6]

(11) a) In the circuit shown below, the switch moves from position a to position b at t=0. Find i(t) for
t > 0.
a t=0
b R i(t)

V0
L
I0

b) Find Vo(t) in the circuit shown below. Assume zero initial condition. [8+7]

35 | P a g e
 1ΩΩ 5Ω
u(t) 1/3F Vo(t) 1H

(12) Determine the time constant of the network shown in figure below.

(13) In the figure given below the battery voltage is applied for a steady state period.
Obtain the q complete expression for the current after closing the switch K. Assume
R1=1Ω, R 2 =2Ω, L=1H, E=10V.
k

R1 R2

L
E

(14) Find the Laplace transform of the triangular waveform shown in the figure:

F(t) 1

t
T T
2

(15) a) Find the inverse Laplace of F (s)

s 1
F ( s) 
s( s  4s  4)
2

b) The circuit in the figure was in steady state with switch in position 1. Find current i ( t ) for t > 0 if the
switch is moved from position 1 to 2 at t = 0.
1
S
2
10Ω

20V
60V 0.4H

c) Determine the Laplace transform of the periodic square pulse train of amplitude as shown in the figure.

f(t)
1

0 T/2 T 3T/2 2T time

36 | P a g e
 1
(16) Prove that the Laplace transform of a periodic function with period T0 is equal to
1  e T0 s
times the Laplace transform of the first cycle.
(17) For the R-L circuit shown in figure find the expression for the current i(t) using laplace
transformation method.

i 4 1H
t=0
i(0)=3A
48V

(18) Determine laplace transform of : f (t )  t 2  sin 2t   ut 

(19) What are the advantages of Laplace transformation? Write down the formula for Laplace and
inverse Laplace transformation. Find the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) where
X(s)=s/(s2+3s+2)

Network equations:
(1) a) State Superposition theorem explaining the conditions in which it is valid. [5]
b) In the network, two sources acting separately produce equal currents in the branch ab, Find
the ratio V1 / V2. (use superposition theorem). [5]

j5Ω j10Ω
5Ω
V1 V2
1kΩ

(2) a) State Thevenin’s theorem. Find out the expression of Thevenin’s voltage and Thevenin’s
impedance of a linear network. [4]
b) Find out the voltage across the terminal AB. [6]

c) For the circuit shown in figure below, determine the value of V2 Such that the current through
(3+j4)Ω impedance is zero. [5]

37 | P a g e
(3) a) A load (30+j4)  is connected across two sources 10 sin(wt) and 10 cos(wt) with their
respective internal resistances j5  and 5  . Find current through load applying superposition
theorem.
b) A current source of 1A∠0° is connected across two load ZL1=(10+j1)  , ZL2=(10+1/j)  . Find
the voltage through the resistor of load 2. Interchange that resistor and current source and verify
Reciprocity Theorem.
(4) a) For the circuit shown, determine the load current I2 using Norton’s theorem.

A
j3Ω
-j2Ω
5Ω
590V
100V

b) Convert the active network shown in figure to a single voltage source in series with
impedance. [7+8]
A
3Ω

50A j4Ω

200V

1090A
B

(5) a) State Norton’s theorem

b) Find the current in the 5 ohm resistor for the circuit shown using Norton’s theorem which is
Shown in figure below. 3 ohm 10 ohm [5]

+
10V 6 ohm 1A 5 ohm
-

(6) a) State the maximum power transfer theorem. Derive the condition for maximum power
transfer for an ac Network. [5]
b) The circuit shown, determine the current i(t) when the switch is changed from position 1
to 2. The switch is moved m position 1 to 2 at time t=0.

38 | P a g e
 1 2 10Ω

0.5H
50V
10V

(7) a) Find the Thevenin’s equivalent of circuit shown below:

2Vx

2Ω

5A 2Ω
Vx 4Ω 6Ω

b) Find the load impedance ZL to transfer maximum power in the circuit shown. Find also the
value of power consumed by the load. [7+8]

5Ω j5Ω -j4Ω 3Ω
ZL

500V 2590V

(8) For the circuit shown is the fig, find the current in the 2 Ω resistance by using Thevenin’s
theorem.
3Ω

5V i
4Ω 3V3
V3
2Ω 4A

(9) A node is connected with 1)a voltage source 120v  -15° with series impedance (40+j30)  , 2)a
current source 6A/_30° away from source, 3) an admittance (1  50 -1/(j30)).Find node voltage.
(10) Two sources 5cos (wt+30) and 2cos (wt) are connected across ZL. Their internal impedance is
(3+j2)  , (4-j3)  . Find ZL for maximum power transfer condition.
(11) For the circuit shown in Figure determine equivalent source current and source resistance
across A-B.

(12)

39 | P a g e
 [GATE 2013]
(13) State and prove maximum power transfer theorem for a.c. network.
(14) What is time constant of an R-L series circuit and what does it signify? Explain it graphically

(15) a) State and explain Millman’s theorem. Calculate the load current in figure by Millman’s
theorem. 8

2Ω 2Ω 2Ω I

15Ω

3V 5V
2V

b) What is the power loss in the 10Ω resistor? Use Thevenin’s theorem in figure below:

10Ω 2Ω
I1

2Ω I2
1Ω 1Ω
2A 5A

(16) For the circuit shown in figure, switch K is moved from position 1 to position 2 at t=0. Find the
expression of current i(t) assuming the initial condition of inductor current =2A and the initial
condition for capacitor voltage =2V
t=0 K
1 1H
2 4

10V 5V

(17) For the circuit shown in figure, find the value of Z that will receive maximum power. Also
determine this power:
A
5 j10

7 -j20
B

(18) Apply superposition principle to find V0 shown in the figure

40 | P a g e
 6

2A

4 2
+
40V 2A V0 3
-

(19) Find Norton equivalent circuit across a and b terminals.

(20) Find Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of the network in figure below

Graph theory and Networks equations:

(1) a) Differentiate between the following terms related to network graph theory. [1x
5]
i) Tree and co-tree
ii) Planar graph and non-planar graph
iii) f-cut set and f-tie set
iv) graph and oriented graph
v) Link and twig
b) State properties of incidence matrix. [3]
c) Find out the reduced incidence matrix of the directed graph shown in figure below [2]

d) Draw the graph of the network shown in figure below. Select a suitable tree to write a tie set
matrix. Then find the three loop currents. [5]

41 | P a g e
(2) a) Obtain an expression for i(t) for the R-L-C circuit shown and obtain its value 2 ms after the
switch is closed. Assume all initial condition to be zero. [5]

(3) Draw the oriented graph of the figure shown and find the incidence matrix.
R4

R1 R2

R3
V1 C1

(4) Draw the directed graph of the network shown below, choose a tree, write the cut-set matrix,
branch admittance matrix and node pair equations.

1
5 6
2
DC
v 4 8
3

(5) The reduced incidence matrix is given below .Draw the graph.
 0 1 1 1 0 
A   0 0  1  1  1
 1 0 0 0 1 

(6) Draw the graph corresponding to the given incidence matrix:

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

(7) Consider the network illustrated below, draw its graph, and determine:
i) No. of links
ii) Rank of the graph
iii) Total number of trees

42 | P a g e
 2A

5Ω
j5Ω
5Ω
2Ω
-j4Ω
2Ω
10V

(8) a) Define incidence matrix.

b) For the graph shown below find the complete incidence matrix.

(9) a) What is oriented graph of a network? Explain with a suitable example.

b) Develop at least three trees for your considered network. Mark the twigs and links.
c) For the network in figure, draw the oriented graph, develop the incidence matrix, choose a
tree and considering the tree develop the tie-set matrix.

-j2Ω

5Ω 2Ω

10 V
5V
2Ω
2Ω 20 Ω

(10) Draw the oriented graph of a network with fundamental cut set matrix given below:
Twigs Links

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Q  0 1 0 0 1 0 1
 
0 0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 0
(11) a) What is tree? Discuss with a suitable example.
b) A graph is shown in figure below. Find the tie-set and cut-set matrices and obtain the KCL &KVL
equations. [bold lines indicate twigs and dotted lines the links.]
1 2
1 2 3

5
3 6
4

5 7 4

c) Explain odd symmetry and even symmetry of periodic waveforms.

43 | P a g e
(12) Find out the fundamental cut-set matrix and fundamental tie-set matrix of the graph shown
below

44 | P a g e