Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

Basic Probability: Module-I

1. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent, prove that 𝐴𝑐 and 𝐵𝑐 are also independent.[2002]

2. If 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 0, show that 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵|𝐶 = 𝑃 𝐴|𝐶 + 𝑃 𝐵|𝐶 [2002]
3. If 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are mutually independent events, show that 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝐵 + 𝐶 .[2003]
1 1
4. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two events such that 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = and 𝑃 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵𝑐 = and 𝑃 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 = 𝑝, then
2 3
7
𝑝 is ……….. [Ans. ] [2004]
12
5. For any two events 𝐴and 𝐵, 𝑃 𝐴𝐵 ≤ 𝑃 𝐴 ≤ 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 ≤ 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 . (i) 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 (ii) 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
[Ans. 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒][2004]
6. Show that the probability that exactly one of the event 𝐴 and 𝐵 occur is 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 −
2𝑃 𝐴𝐵 .[2004]
5 1 2
7. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events such that 𝑃 𝐴𝑐 ∪ 𝐵𝑐 = , 𝑃 𝐴 = and 𝑃 𝐵𝑐 = , show that 𝐴 and 𝐵
6 2 3
1
are independent. [Ans. ][2004]
6
8. The condition for independence of two events 𝐴 and 𝐵 is (a) 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃 𝐵 (b)
𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃(𝐵) (c) 𝑃 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃 𝐵 (d) 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃 𝐵|𝐴 [Ans. a][2006]
9. Show that the probability of occurrence of only one of the events 𝐴, and 𝐵 is 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 −
2𝑃 𝐴𝐵 .[2006]
1 1 1 6 3 7
10. If 𝑃 𝐴 = , 𝑃 𝐵 = , 𝑃 𝐴𝐵 = , then the value of 𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 is (a) (b) (c) 1 (d) [Ans. d]
2 3 4 7 7 12
[2007]
11. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are not mutually exclusive events, then show that 𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 −
𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 . [2007]
12. For any two events 𝐴 and 𝐵, 𝑃 𝐴𝐵 ≤ 𝑃 𝐴 ≤ 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 ≤ 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 (a) True (b) False
[Ans. a][2008]
13. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 two events, then 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ≥ (a) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 (b) 𝑃 𝐴 (c) 𝑃 𝐵 (d) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 −
1 [Ans. d] [2008]
14. If 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 then 𝑃 𝐵 − 𝐴 is equal to (a) 𝑃 𝐴 − 𝑃 𝐵 (b) 𝑃 𝐵 − 𝑃 𝐴 (c) 𝑃 𝐴 − 𝑃 𝐴𝐵 (d)
none of these [Ans. b] [2008]
1 1
15. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are any two events such that 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = , 𝑃 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵𝑐 = and 𝑃 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 = 𝑝,
2 3
7 5 1 1
then the value of 𝑝 is (a) (b) (c) (d) [Ans. a] [2009]
12 6 3 2
16. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are any two events, then (a) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 (b) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 −
𝑃 𝐴𝐵 (c) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 + 1 (d) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1 − 𝑃 𝐵 . [Ans. b] [2009]
17. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are any two events such that 𝐴 is the sub set of 𝐵, then (a) 𝑃 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 (b)
𝑃 𝐴 ≤ 𝑃 𝐵 (c) 𝑃 ≥ 𝑃 𝐵 (d) 𝑃 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 = 1. [Ans. b] [2009]
5 1 2
18. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events such that 𝑃 𝐴𝑐 ∪ 𝐵𝑐 = , 𝑃 = and 𝑃 𝐵𝑐 = , show that 𝐴 and 𝐵 are
6 2 3
independent. [2009]
1 1 1 𝐵 3 4 1 1
19. If 𝑃 𝐴 = , 𝑃 𝐵 = , 𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = then 𝑃 is (a) (b) (c) (d) . [Ans. c] [2010]
3 4 2 𝐴 4 3 4 3
20. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events with 𝑃 𝐴 = 0.4, 𝑃 𝐵 = 0.3 and 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 0.2, then 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝑐 is (a)
0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4. [2017]
21. If 𝐴is the complement of the event 𝐴, then (a) 𝑃 𝐴 = 1 − 𝑃 𝐴 (b) 𝑃 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐴 (c)
𝑃 𝐴 = 1 + 𝑃 𝐴 (d) none of these. [2010]
22. If two events 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent, then prove that the events 𝐴𝑐 and 𝐵𝑐 are also
independent. [2005]
23. If 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 𝑋𝑛 be any 𝑛 events connected to a random experiment 𝐸. Then show that (i)
𝑃 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 𝑋𝑛 ≥ 1 − 𝑛𝑖=1 𝑃 𝑋𝑖 (ii)𝑃 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , ⋯ ⋯ , 𝑋𝑛 ≥ 𝑛𝑖=1 𝑃 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑛 − 1 . [2003]
1 1 1 3 5
24. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two events with 𝑃 𝐴 = , 𝑃 𝐵 = , 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = . Then 𝑃 𝐴/𝐵 is (a) (b) (c)
2 3 4 4 4
7
(d) 2[2014]
4
25. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events with 𝑃 𝐴 = 0.4, 𝑃 𝐵 = 0.3 and 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 0.2, then 𝑃 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵𝑐 is
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4. [2015]
26. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent, then (a) 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃 𝐵 (b) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 (c)
𝑃 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃 𝐵 (d) 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴). [2015]

Page 1 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

27. If 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃 𝐵 , then prove that 𝑃 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵𝑐 = 𝑃 𝐴𝑐 𝑃 𝐵𝑐 . [2012]

1 1 1
28. The probability of an event 𝐴is , that of 𝐴 + 𝐵 is and that of 𝐴𝐵 is . Then the probability of 𝐵
3 2 4
1 5 1
is (a) (b) (c) (d) none of these.[2013]
12 12 6
1 1 1 3 4 1 1
29. If 𝑃 𝐴 = , 𝑃 𝐵 = and 𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = , then 𝑃 𝐵|𝐴 is (a) (b) (c) (d) .[2012,2019]
3 4 2 4 3 4 3
30. Give the axiomatic definition of probability.[2005]
2 52 1
31. The probability that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Sunday is (a) (b) (c)
53 53 7
2
(d) .[2014]
7
32. For two events, 𝑃 𝐴 = 0.4, 𝑃 𝐵 = 𝑥 and 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0.7. The value of 𝑥 for which 𝐴 and 𝐵 will
be mutually exclusive is (a) 2/10 (b) 3/10 (c) 2/5 (d) 1/5 [2019]
33. The number of ways 10 person can occupy 10 chairs arranged at a round table is (a) 10! − 1 (b)
9! − 1 (c) 10! (d) 9!. [2019]
34.
3 2 1
35. The chance that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Wednesday is (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 7 3
3
[Ans. b] [2006]
8
36. What is the chance that a leap year selected at random, will contain 53 Wednesday? [Ans.
2
][2002]
7
2
37. The chance that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Wednesday is (a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d)
7
6
[Ans. a] [2007]
7
38. In a certain class 25% of the students failed in Mathematics, 15% failed in Chemistry, 10% failed
in both Mathematics and Chemistry. A student is selected at random.
(i) If he failed in Chemistry, what is the probability that he failed in Mathematics?
(ii) If he failed in Mathematics, what is the probability that he failed in Chemistry?
2 2
(iii) what is the probability the he failed both in Mathematics and Chemistry? [Ans. (i) (ii)
3 5
1
(iii) ][2002]
10
39. Two persons 𝐴 and 𝐵 throw alternatively with a pair of dice. 𝐴wins if he throws 6 before 𝐵
throws 7 and 𝐵 wins if he throws 7 before 𝐴 throws 6. If 𝐴 begins, find his probability of wining.
30
[Ans. ][2002]
61
40. State and prove Baye’s theorem.[2002,2003,2008, 2012, 2013]
41. In a bolt factory, machines 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 manufacture respectively 25%, 35%, 40% o. Of the total of
their output 5%, 4%, 2% are diffective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is
found to be diffective. What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machines 𝐴, 𝐵 and
25 28 16
𝐶? [Ans. , , ][2003,2019]
69 69 69
80
42. Four dice are thrown. Find the probability that the sum of numbers will be 18. [Ans. ][2003]
60
43. There is 80% chance that a problem will be solved by a statistics student and 60% chance that
the same problem will be solved by a mathematics student. The probability that at least the
problem will be solved is (a) 0.48 (b) 0.92 (c) 0.10 (d) 0.75 [Ans. 0.92][2004]
44. Two news papers 𝑋 and 𝑌 are published in a certain city. It is estimated from a survey that 16%
and read 𝑋, 14% read 𝑌 and 5% read both the news papers. Find the probabilities that a
3
randomly selected person (i) does not read any news paper, (ii) read only 𝑌. [Ans.(i) (ii)
4
9
][2004]
100
45. The probabilities of 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍 becoming the principal of a college are respectively 0.3, 0.5and
0.2. The probabilities that “Student Aid- Fund” will be introduced in the college if 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍
become Principal, are 0.4, 0.6 and 0.1 respectively. Given that “Student Aid-Fund” has been
15
introduced, find the probability that 𝑌 has been appointed as the principal. [Ans. ][2004]
22
46. 𝐴and𝐵 play a game in which their chances of wining are in the ratio 3: 2. Find 𝐴′𝑠 chances of
2133
wining at least three games out of five games played. [Ans. ][2004]
3125

Page 2 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

47. A box contains 5 defective and 10 non-defective lamps. 8lamps are drawn at random in
succession without replacement. What is the probability that the 8𝑡𝑕 lamp is the 5𝑡𝑕 defective?
5
[ Ans . ] [2005, 2008]
429
48. A box contains 10 pairs of shoes. If 8 shoes are randomly selected, what is the probability that
10
𝐶8 ×2 8 10× 9 𝐶6 ×2 6
there is (i) no complete pair (ii) exactly one complete pair? [Ans. (i) 20 𝐶 (ii) 20 𝐶 ]
8 8

[2005]
49. 𝐴can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots; 𝐵, 3 times in 4 shots; 𝐶 twice in 3 shots. They fire a target.
5
What is the probability that at least two shots are hit? [Ans. ][2006]
6
50. There were three candidates 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 for the position of a manager whose chance of getting
the appointment are in the proportion 4: 2: 3 respectively. The probability that 𝐴, if selected,
would launch a new product in the market if 0.3. The probabilities of 𝐵 and 𝐶 doing the same are
0.5 and 0.8 respectively. What is the probability that the new product was launched in the
12
market by 𝐶? [Ans. ][2006]
23
51. 𝐴and𝐵 throw alternatively with a pair of dice. 𝐴winds if he throws 8 before 𝐵 throws 5 and 𝐵
45
wins if he throws 5 before 𝐴 throws 8. Find the probability of 𝐴 wins. [Ans. ][2006]
76
52. A coin is tossed. Event 𝐻 , 𝑇 are (a) mutually exclusive (b) Independent events (s)
dependent events (d) both (a) and (c) [Ans. d] [2007]
53. A bag contains 5 white and 4 black balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random, what are the
probabilities of the following: (i) 2 of them are white (ii) at most one of them is white (iii) at
10 17 25
least two are white. [Ans. (i) (ii) (iii) ] [2007]
21 42 42
54. One ticket is selected at random from 100 ticket numbered00, 01, 02, ⋯ , 98, 99. If 𝑋 and 𝑌
2
denote the sum and product of the digit on the ticket respectively, find 𝑃 𝑋 = 9|𝑌 = 0 . [Ans. ]
9
[Hint. 𝑋 = 9 = 09, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 73, 81, 90 , so that 𝑋 = 9 ∩ 𝑌 = 0 = 09, 90 ,
𝑛 𝑋=9 ∩ 𝑌=0 2
therefore𝑃 𝑋 = 9|𝑌 = 0 = = ] [2007]
𝑛 𝑌=0 9
55. A box contains 5 defective and 10 non-defective lamps. 8lamps are drawn at random in
succession without replacement. What is the probability that the 8𝑡𝑕 lamp is the 5𝑡𝑕 defective?
5
[ Ans . ] [2007]
429
56. Three groups children consists of 3 girls and 1 boy, 2 girls and 2 boys and 1 girl and 3 boys
respectively. One child is selected from each group. Show that the probability that the 3 selected
13
children consisting of 1 girl and 2 boys is . [2007]
32
57. 3identical boxes, I, II and III contains respectively 4 white and 3 red balls, 3 white and 7 red
balls, 2white and 3 red balls. A box is chosen at random and a ball is drawn out of it. If the call is
21
found to be white, what is the probability that box II is selected [Ans. ] [2007]
89
58. Three unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. This is repeated four times. The probability of
1 4 2 4 3 4 7 4
getting at least one head each time is (a) (b) (c) (d) [Ans. d] [2008]
8 8 8 8
59. A bag contains 7 red balls and 5 white balls. 4balls are drawn at random. What is the probability
7 14
that (i) all of them are red (ii) two of them are white and two red? [ Ans (i) (ii) ] [2009]
99 33
60. A pair of dice is thrown. Find the probability of getting a sum of 7, when it is known that the
1
digit in the first die is greater than that of the second. [Ans. ] [2009]
5
61. The manufacturing process of an article consists of two parts 𝑥and 𝑦. The probabilities of defect
in parts 𝑥 and 𝑦 are 10% and 15% respectively. What is the probability that the assembled
product will not have any defect? [2009]
2 3 1
62. The probabilities of solving a problem by three students 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are , and respectively. If all
7 8 2
87
of them try independently, find the probability that problem is solved. [Ans. ] [2009]
112
63. A box contains 6 white and 4 black balls. One ball is drawn. What is the probability that it is
2 3 1
white? (a) (b) (c) (d) none of these. [Ans. b] [2010]
5 5 5

Page 3 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

64. Urn 1 has 2 white and 3 black balls. Urn II has 4 white and 1 black and Urn III has 3 white and 4
black balls. An urn is selected at random and a ball at random is found to be white. Find the
probability that Urn I was selected. [Ans.14/57]. [2010]
65. A box contains 5 red balls and 10 white balls. Two balls are drawn at random from the box
without replacement. What is the probability that (i) the second ball is white, (ii) the first ball
drawn is red , given that the second ball drawn is white? [2012]

66. In a bolt factory, machines 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 manufacture respectively 25%, 35%, 40% o. Of the total of
their output 5%, 4%, 2% are diffective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is
found to be diffective. What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machines 𝐴, 𝐵 and
𝐶? [2012]
67. A problem in Mathematics is given to three students 𝐴, 𝐵and 𝐶. The chance of solving the
1 1 1
problem by 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are , and respectively. The probability that the problem will be
3 4 5
2 3 1 47
solved is (a) (b) (c) (d) .[2014]
5 5 60 60
68. A fair die is thrown. The probability that either an odd number or a number greater than 4 will
2 3 2 2
turn up is (a) (b) (c) (d) . [2015]
5 7 7 3
69. Urn I has 2 white and 3 black balls. Urn II has 4 white and 1 black and Urn III has 3 white and 4
black balls. An urn is selected at random and ball is drawn at random is found to be white. Find
the probability that Urn I was selected. [2015]
70. A box contains 5 defective and 10 non-defective lamps. 8lamps are drawn at random in
succession without replacement. What is the probability that the 8th lamp drawn is the 5th
defective one? [2015]
71. It is seen that a cricketer becomes out within 10 runs in 3 out of 10 innings. If he plays 4 innings,
what is the probability that he will become (i) out twice (ii) out at least once within 10 runs.
[2015]
72. A fair die is thrown 180 times. The expected number of sixes is (a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d)
40[2016]
73. The probability that 𝐴 passes the exam is 0.9 and 𝐵 passes the exam is 0.8. The probability that
at least one of them passes is (a) 0.98 (b) 0.97 (c) 0.9 (d) 0.72. [2016]
74. 𝐴speaks thuth 4 out of 5 times. A die is tossed. He reports that there is a six. What is the
probability that it was actually a six? [2016]
75. Experience shows that 20% of the people reserving tables at a certain restaurant never show
up. If the restaurant has 50 tables and it takes 52 reservations, then find the probability that it
will be able to accommodate everyone. [2016]
76. A fair die is thrown. The probability that either and odd number or a number greater than 4 will
2 3 2 2
turn up is (a) (b) (c) (d) . [2017]
5 7 7 3
77. An urn contains 10 white and 3 black balls, while another urn contains 3 white and 5 black balls.
Two balls are drawn from the first urn and put into the second urn and then a ball is drawn from
the latter. What is the probability that it is a white call? [2017]

Discrete Distribution

1. The distribution function 𝐹 𝑥 of a random variable 𝑋 is given by (a) 𝑃 −∞ < 𝑋 < ∞ (b)
𝑃 −∞ < 𝑋 ≤ 𝑥 (c) 𝑃 −∞ ≤ 𝑋 < ∞ (d) none of these [Ans. (b)] [2019]
2. For two random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 independent , then (a) 𝐸 𝑋𝑌 = 𝐸 𝑋 𝐸 𝑌 (b) 𝐸 𝑋𝑌 =
𝐸 𝑋 + 𝐸 𝑌 (c) 𝐸 𝑋𝑌 = 𝐸 𝑋 /𝐸 𝑌 (d) none of these [Ans. (a)] [2019]
3. The probability 𝑃 𝑎 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 𝑏 is defined as 𝐹 𝑥 (where 𝐹 𝑥 is the distribution function of the
random variable 𝑋) (a) 𝐹 𝑏 − 𝐹 𝑎 (b) 𝐹 𝑏 + 𝐹 𝑎 (c) 𝐹 𝑎 − 𝐹 𝑏 (d) 𝐹 𝑎 𝐹 𝑏 . [2019]
4. The random variable 𝑋 has the following p.m.f:
𝑥 1 2 3
𝑓 𝑥 ½ 1/3 𝑘
5
Then the value of 𝑘 is (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d) 1/6. [2019]
6

Page 4 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

5. Obtain Poisson distribution as the limiting case of Binomial distribution. Hence obtain mean and
variance of Poisson distribution. [2002]
6. Obtain the Poisson approximation to binomial law.[2003]
7. Find the mean of binomial distribution with parameters 𝑛and 𝑝. [Ans. np][2003]
0, −∞ < 𝑥 < 0
1
, 0≤𝑥<1
8. If 𝐹 𝑥 = 53 , Show that 𝐹 𝑥 is a possible distribution function and find the
, 1≤𝑥<3
5
1, 3 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞
1 2 2
corresponding p.m.f . [Ans. 𝑓0 = , 𝑓1 = , 𝑓3 = ] [2003]
5 5 5
9. If a random variable follows Poisson Distribution such that 𝑃 1 = 𝑃 2 find (i) mean of the
2
distribution (ii) 𝑃 4 [Ans. (i) 2 (ii) 𝑒 −2 = 0.09][2003]
3
10. The mean of the Poisson distribution is 𝜇. Then its standard deviation is -------. [Ans. 𝜇][2004]
11. A discrete random variable 𝑋 has the following probability distribution:
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑝 𝑥 0 𝑘 2𝑘 2𝑘 3𝑘 𝑘2 2𝑘 2 7𝑘 2 + 𝑘
1 4 19
(i)Find the value of 𝑘 (ii) Evaluate 𝑃 0 < 𝑋 < 5 and 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 6 . [ Ans. (i)𝑘 = ; (ii) , ][2004]
10 5 100
𝐴, − ∞ < 𝑥 < −1
𝐵, −1≤𝑥 <0
12. The distribution function 𝐹 𝑥 = , where 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 are constants. Determine
𝐶, 0≤𝑥<2
𝐷, 2≤𝑥<∞
1 2 1 1
the values of 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, it being given that 𝑃 𝑋 = 0 = and 𝑃 𝑋 > 1 = . [Ans. 0, , , 1][2004]
6 3 6 3
13. Certain factory turning razor blades, there is a small chance, 1/500 for any blade to be defective.
The blades are in packets of 10. Use Poisson distribution to calculate the approximate number of
packet containing (i) no defective (ii) one defective (iii) two defective blades respectively in one
consignment of 10,000 packets. [Ans. (i) 9082 (ii) 196 (iii) 2 ≈ 1.7][2004]
14. The variance of a random variable 𝑋 is (a) [𝐸 𝑋 2 (b) 𝐸 𝑋 2 (c) 𝐸 𝑋 2 − [𝐸 𝑋 2 (d)
𝐸 𝑋 2 − [𝐸 𝑋 [Ans. c][2006]
15. The probability 𝑃 𝑎 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 𝑏 [where 𝐹 𝑥 is the distribution function of the random variable 𝑋]
is defined by (a) 𝐹 𝑏 − 𝐹 𝑎 (b) 𝐹 𝑏 + 𝐹 𝑎 (c) 𝐹 𝑎 − 𝐹 𝑏 (d) 𝐹 𝑎 𝐹 𝑏 . [Ans. a][2006]
16. If the random variable 𝑋 takes the values 1,2 3,4 such that 2𝑃 𝑋 = 1 = 3𝑃 𝑋 = 2 =
𝑃 𝑋 = 3 = 5𝑃 𝑋 = 4 , find the probability distribution of 𝑋. [2006] [Ans.
𝑋 1 2 3 4
𝑃 15 10 30 6
61 61 61 61

1. A random variable 𝑋 has the following probability function

𝑋 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
𝑃 𝑋 0.1 𝑘 0.2 2𝑘 0.3 3𝑘
1 2 16
Find 𝑃 −2 < 𝑋 < 2 and the mean of 𝑋. [Ans. 𝑘 = ; ; ][2006]
15 5 15
17. It is observed that a cricket player becomes out within 10 runs in 3 out of 10 innings. If he played
4 innings, what is the probability that he will become (i) out twice (ii) out at least once within 10
runs? [Ans. (i) 0.2646 (ii) 0.7599] [2007]
18. A random variable 𝑋 has the following probability distribution:
𝑋=𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2 2
𝑃 𝑋=𝑥 0 𝑘 2𝑘 2𝑘 3𝑘 𝑘 2𝑘 7𝑘 + 𝑘
1 4
Obtain the value of 𝑘and find 𝑃 𝑋 < 6 and 𝑃 0 < 𝑋 < 5 . [ Ans. 𝑘 = ; ] [2007]
10 5
19. If 𝑋 is a discrete random variable, then (a) 𝐸 𝑋 ≤ 𝐸 𝑋 (b) 𝐸 𝑋 ≥ 𝐸 𝑋 (c) 𝐸 𝑋 =
𝐸 𝑋 (d) none of these [Ans. b] [2008]
20. If 𝐹 𝑥 is the distribution function of a random variable, then (a) 𝐹 𝑥 is continuous at all points
(b) 𝐹 𝑥 is monotonic decreasing function (c) 𝐹 −∞ = 1 (d) 𝐹 +∞ [Ans. d] [2008]

Page 5 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

21. Find the mathematical expectation of the number of the points obtained in a single throw of an
21
unbiased die. [Ans. ] [2009]
6
1 1 3
22. The random variable 𝑋 has distribution function 𝐹. If 𝐹 0 = , 𝐹 1 = , 𝐹 3 = then
6 2 4
3 1 7
𝑃 0 < 𝑋 ≤ 3 is (a) (b) (c) (d) none of these. [Ans. c] [2010,2019]
4 3 12
23.

Binomial Distribution

8
2. The mean and standard deviation of a Binomial distribution are respectively 4and . The value
3
3 2
of 𝑛 and 𝑝 are [where 𝑛 and 𝑝 are the parameters of the probability distribution] (a) 11, (b) 12,
4 7
1 4
(c) 12, (d) 11, [Ans. c][2006]
3 3
3. If a random variable 𝑋 has binomial distribution, find the mean and variance with parameters
𝑛, 𝑝 .[2006]
4. The mean of Binomial distribution Bin 𝑛, 𝑝 (where 𝑛 and 𝑝 are the Number of trials and
𝑛
probability of success) is (a) (b) 0 (c) 𝑛𝑝 (d) 1 [Ans. (c)] [2007]
𝑝
2
5. The mean of the binomial distribution Bin 10, is (a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 0. [Ans. a] [2007]
5
6. If the random variable 𝑋 has Binomial distribution with parameters 𝑛 & 𝑝 then the mean and
𝑛
variance are respectively (a) 𝑛𝑝 & 𝑛𝑝 1 − 𝑝 (b) & 2𝑛 1 − 𝑝 (c) 𝑛𝑝 1 − 𝑝 & 𝑛𝑝 (d) none of
𝑝
these [Ans. a] [2019]
3
7. If the mean of a binomial distribution is 3 and the variance is , find the probability of obtaining at
2
21
most 3 success. [Ans. ] [2007]
32
8. A random variable follows binomial distribution with mean 4 and standard deviation 2. Find the
255
probability of assuming non-zero value of the variable. [Ans. ] [2009]
256
9. Find the mean and variance of binomial distribution.[2019]
10.

Poisson Distribution

11. A random variable has a Poisson distribution such that 𝑃 1 = 𝑃 2 . Then the 𝑠. 𝑑. of 𝑋 is (a) 0 (b)
2 (c) 2 (d) −2. [2019]
12.
13. If 𝑋 and 𝑌 are independent Poisson variates with means 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 respectively, then find the
𝑒 − 𝜆 1 +𝜆 2 𝜆 1 +𝜆 2 𝑘
probability that (i) 𝑋 + 𝑌 = 𝑘 where 𝑘 is constant, (ii) 𝑋 = 𝑌 [Ans.(i) (ii)
𝑘!
𝑒 − 𝜆 1 +𝜆 2
][2005]
14. The distribution for which mean and variance are equal is (a) Poisson (b) Normal (c) Binomial (d)
Exponential [Ans. a][2006]
15. A car hire firm has two cars which it hires out day by day. The number of demands for a car on
each day is distributed as a Poisson distribution with average number of demand per day 1.5.
Calculate the proportion of days on which neither car is used and proportion of day on which
some demand is refused. [Ans. 0.2231; 0.19126][2003, 2006]
16. A car hire firm has two cars which it hires out day by day. The number of demands for a car on
each day is distributed as a Poisson distribution with average number of demand per day 1.5.
Calculate the proportion of days on which neither car is used and proportion of days on which
some demand can not be met for lack of cars. [Ans. 0.2231; 0.1923] [Given that 𝑒 −1.5 = 0.223.
[2003]
17. A random variable 𝑋 has Poisson distribution such that 𝑃 1 = 𝑃 2 . Then the standard deviation
of 𝑋 is (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) −2 [Ans c] [2007]
18. Let 𝑋 be a Poisson distributed random variable with the parameter 𝜇; then show that 𝐸 𝑋 = 𝜇
and 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 = 𝜇. [2007]

Page 6 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

1 1
19. The mean of the Poisson distribution is 𝜇, then its standard deviation is (a) (b) 𝜇 (c) 𝜇 (d)
𝜇 𝜇
[Ans. 𝑏] [2008]
20. The variance of the binomial distribution 𝐵 𝑛, 𝑝 is (a) 𝑛𝑝 (b) 𝑛𝑝𝑞 (c) 𝑛 − 1 𝑝 (d) 𝑛 𝑝 − 1 .
[Ans. b] [2009]
21. The mean of a Poisson distribution with parameter 𝜇 is (a) 𝜇 (b) 𝜇 2 (c) – 𝜇 (d) −𝜇 2 [Ans. a] [2009]
22. The probability 𝑃 𝑎 < 𝑋 ≤ 𝑏 (where 𝐹 𝑥 is the distribution function of the random variable 𝑋) is
given by (a) 𝐹 𝑏 − 𝐹 𝑎 (b) 𝐹 𝑏 + 𝐹 𝑎 (c) 𝐹 𝑎 − 𝐹 𝑏 (d) 𝐹 𝑎 𝐹 𝑏 . [Ans. a] [2009]
23. A random variable 𝑋 has the following probability function
𝑋 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
𝑃 𝑋 0.1 𝑘 0.2 2𝑘 0.3 3𝑘
1
(i) Calculate 𝑘 (ii) Find 𝑃 𝑋 < 2 , 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 2 , 𝑃 −2 < 𝑋 ≤ 2 . [Ans. (i) 𝐾 = , (ii)
15
0.5, 0.8, 0.4] [2009]
1
24. If the chance of being killed by flood during a year is , use Poisson distribution to calculate
3000
probability that out of 3000 person living in a village, at least once will die in flood in a year.
[Ans. 1 − 𝑒 −1 ] [2009]
25. If a random variable follows Poisson Distribution such that 𝑃 1 = 𝑃 2 , find (i) mean of the
2
distribution (ii) 𝑃 4 [Ans. (i)2 (ii) 𝑒 2 ] [2009]
3
26. If the random variable 𝑋 has Binomial distribution with parameters 𝑛 and 𝑝, then the mean and
𝑛
variance are respectively (a) 𝑛𝑝 and 𝑛𝑝 1 − 𝑝 (b) and 2𝑛 1 − 𝑝 (c) 𝑛𝑝 1 − 𝑝 and 𝑛𝑝 (d) none
𝑝
of these. [2010]
27. For two random variable 𝑋and 𝑌,. 𝐸 𝑋𝑌 = 𝐸 𝑋 . 𝐸 𝑌 hold if 𝑋 and 𝑌 are (a) Independent (b)
uncorrelated (c) continuous (d) none of these.[ Ans. (a)] [2010]
28. Let 𝐹 be a distribution function of a random variable 𝑋 then show that (i) 𝐹 is monotonically
increasing on a real line (ii) 𝐹 is continuous from right at each point. (iii) lim𝑥→∞ 𝐹 𝑥 = 1 that is
𝐹 ∞ = 1 and lim𝑥→ −∞ 𝐹 𝑥 = 0 that is 𝐹 −∞ = 0[2010]
29. The distribution function 𝐹 𝑥 of a random variable 𝑋 is given by (a) 𝑃 −∞ < 𝑋 < ∞ (b)
𝑃 −∞ < 𝑋 ≤ 𝑥 (c) 𝑃 −∞ ≤ 𝑋 ≤ ∞ (d) none of these. [Ans. (b)] [2010]
30. The variance of a random variable 𝑋 is (a) 𝐸 𝑋 2 (b) 𝐸 𝑋 2 (c) 𝐸 𝑋 2 − 𝐸 𝑋 2 (d)
𝐸 𝑋 2 − 𝐸 𝑋 . [2012]
31. Find the mean and variance of Poisson distribution with parameter 𝜆. [2012]
32. A normal population has a mean 0.1 and standard deviation 2.1. Find the probability that the
mean of a sample of size 900 will be negative. Given that 𝑃 𝑧 = 1.43 = 0.847. [2012]
33. The distribution for which the mean and variance are equal is (a) Poisson (b) normal (c) binomial
(d) exponential. [2013]
4
34. In a Binomial 𝑛, 𝑝 distribution If its mean and variance are 2 and respectively, then the values of
3
1 1 1
𝑛 and 𝑝 are (a) 8, (b) 6, (c) 4, (d) none of these. [2013]
4 3 2
35. The mean of Binomial variate is (a) 𝑛𝑝 (b) 𝑛𝑝 1 − 𝑝 (c) 𝑛𝑝 (d) none of these. [2013]
36. Find the mathematical expectation of the number of points obtained in a single throw of an
unbiased die. [2013]
37. Define Poisson distribution and find its mean and variance. [2013]
38. In a Poisson distribution if 2𝑃 𝑥 = 1 = 𝑃 𝑥 = 2 , then variance is (a) 0 (b) −1(c) 4 (d) 2 . [2014]
39. Let 𝑋 be a Poisson Random Variable and 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝜆.Then 𝐸[ 𝑋 + 1 2 will be (a) 𝜆 (b) 𝜆2 + 2𝜆 (c)
𝜆2 + 2𝜆 + 1 (d) 𝜆2 + 3𝜆 + 1. [2015]
40. The variance of a random variable 𝑋 is (a) [𝐸 𝑋 2 (b) 𝐸 𝑋 2 (c) 𝐸 𝑋 2 − [𝐸 𝑋 2 (d)
𝐸 𝑋 2 − [𝐸 𝑋 . [2015]
𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝜆𝑋 1 1
41. Let 𝑋 be a random variable and 𝜆 be a real number. Then is (a) 𝜆 (b) 𝜆2 (c) (d) . [2016]
𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 𝜆 𝜆2
1 1
42. For a random variable 𝑋 with mean 0, the value of 𝑃 −4𝜎 < 𝑋 < 4𝜎 will be at least (a) (b) (c)
16 4
15 13
(d) . [2016]
16 16
43. If a population has Poisson distribution with parameter 𝜆, then show that the sample mean is the
maximum likelihood estimate of 𝜆. [2017]

Page 7 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

2
44. If a Poisson variate𝑋 is such that 𝑃 𝑋 = 1 = 𝑃 𝑋 = 2 , then 𝑃 𝑋 = 4 is -------.[ Ans. 𝑒 −2 ][2004]
3

Chebycheff’s Inequality

1. State Techebycheff’s inequality. Use Tchebycheff’s inequality to show that in 2000 throws with a
19
coin, the probability that the number of heads lies between 900 and 1100 is at least .[2002]
20
−𝑥
2. State “central Limit Theorem”. A random variable 𝑋 has the density function 𝑒 , 𝑥 ≥ 0. Show
1
that Tchebycheff’s inequality gives 𝑃[ 𝑋 − 1 > 2 < and show that actual probability is
4
𝑒 −3 .[2004]
3. State Tchebycheff’s inequality.[2005
4. Find the probability, using Chebyshev’s theorem, that the number of driving licences 𝑋 issued by
Road Transport Authority in a specific month is between 64 and 184, if the number of driving
licences issud 𝑋 is a random variable with 𝜇 = 124 and 𝜎 = 7.5 [Ans. 0.984375][2006]
5. Show by Tchebycheff’s inequality that in 2000 throws with a coin, the probability that the
19
number of heads lies between 900 and 1100 is at least .[2007]
20
6. Using Tchebycheff’s inequality to show that for 𝑛 ≥ 36, the probability that in 𝑛 throws of a fair
1 1 31 1
die the number of sixes lies between 𝑛 − 𝑛 and 𝑛 + 𝑛 is at least . [Ans. ] [2008]
6 6 36 3
7. State “central Limit Theorem”. A random variable 𝑋 has the function 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0. Show that
1
Tchebycheff’s inequality gives 𝑃[ 𝑋 − 1 > 2 < and show that actual probability is 𝑒 −3 . [2009]
4
8. If 𝑋 is the number in a throw of fair die, show that the Chebychev’s inequality gives 𝑃[ 𝑋 − 𝜇 >
2.5<0.47 where 𝜇 is the mean 𝑋, while the actual probability is zero. [2010]
9. The number of students who enrolled in a course conducted by an institute in a Poisson random
variable with mean 100. The institute decided that if the number enrolling is 120 or more the
institute will run the course in two separate section, whereas If fewer than 120 students enrol it
will teach all of the students in a single section. Find the probability that the institute would make
two section. (Use central limit theorem to avoid difficult calculations.) [Given that
∞ 𝑧2
1 −
∫ 𝑒
2𝜋 1.95
2 𝑑𝑧 = 0.0256] [2010]
10. The lifetime of a certain brand of an electric bulb may be considered as a random variable with
mean 1200𝑕 and s.d. 250𝑕. Find the probability, using central limit theorem, that the average
lifetime of 60 bulbs exceeds 1250𝑕. [2012]
11. A random sample of size 𝑛 = 100 is taken from an infinite population with the mean 𝜇 = 75 and
the variance 𝜎 2 = 256. Based on CHebychev’s theorem with what probability can we assert that
the value we obtained for 𝑋 will fall between 67and 83? [2016]
12. Show that by Tchebycheff’s inequality that in 2000 throws with a coin, the probability that the
19
number of heads lies between 900 and 1100 is at least . [2017]
20
13. Show by Tchebyshev’s inequality that if a die is thrown 3,600 times, the probability of number of
sixes that lies between 550 and 650 is at least. [2017]

Continuous Probability Distribution: Module-II

𝑥
1
1. Show that for the exponential distribution 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝜎 , 0 < 𝑥 < ∞mean and standard
𝜎
deviation both equal to 𝜎.[2002]
2. Define normal distribution.
3. The marks obtained by 1000 students in a final examination are found to be approximately
normally distributed with mean 70 and standard deviation 5. Estimate the number of students
whose marks will be between60 and 75 both inclusive. Given that the area underΦ 𝑧 =
1 𝑧2
exp − between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 2 is 0.4772 and between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 1 is 0.3413.[2002]
2𝜋 2

Page 8 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

𝑥
, 0≤𝑥<1
2
1
4. A continuous variate𝑋 has the p.d.f 𝑓 𝑥 = , 1<𝑥<2 find the mean of the distribution.
2
3−𝑥
, 2<𝑥≤3
2
3
[Ans. ][2002]
2
−𝑏 𝑥−𝑎
5. For what value of 𝑘, the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑒 , 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑥 > 0 will be a probability
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒
density function ? [Ans 𝑘 = 𝑏] [2003]
0, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
6. Find the value of 𝑘 so that the function 𝑓 𝑥 given by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 − 𝑥 , 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 is a probability
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒
1 3 3
density function . Hence find 𝑃 <𝑥< . [Ans. 𝑘 = 2, ][2003]
2 2 4
2
7. In the equation 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 𝑎, 𝑎 is a variable uniformly distributed over the interval 0, 2 . Find the
𝑦2
distribution function of the larger root. [Ans. 𝑓 𝑦 = 0, −∞ < 𝑦 < 0, + 𝑦, 0 < 𝑦 < 3 − 1,
2
1, 𝑦 ≥ 3 − 1] [2003]
8. The weight of students in a college is normally distributed with 𝑚 = 40kg., 𝜎 = 5kg. Find the
percentage of the students that have weight (i) greater than 40kg (ii) greater than 50kg (iii)
2 𝑡2 2 𝑡2
1 − 1 −
between 38 kg and 52kg. {given that ∫ 𝑒 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0.9772, ∫ 𝑒 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0.6554,
2𝜋 −∞ 2𝜋 −∞
2.4 − 𝑡2
1
∫ 𝑒 2
2𝜋 −∞
𝑑𝑡 = 0.9918. [Ans. (i) 50 (ii) 2, (iii) 65][2003]
9. In a Normal Distribution, 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are above 64%. Find the mean
and standard deviation. [Given that 0 < 𝑧 < 1.405 = 0.42 , 𝑃 −0.496 < 𝑧 < 0 = 0.19. [Ans.
49.46, 9.99][2003]
10. A normal population has a mean 0.1 and standard deviation 2.1. Find the probability that the
mean of a sample of size 900 will be negative. Given that 𝑃 𝑍 < 1.43 = 0.847. [Ans.
0.076][2003]
𝑥
, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1 1 6 5
11. If 𝑝 𝑥 = 12 then 𝑃 𝑋 = 2 𝑜𝑟 3 is ……..[Ans. ][2004]
12
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒,
1
, −2<𝑥 <2
12. A random variable 𝑋 has the density function 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 , then 𝑃 2𝑋 + 3 > 5 is ……
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1
[Ans. ][2004]
4
13. If the exponential distribution given by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞, then the mean of the distribution
is ……….. [Ans. 1] [2004]
3𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
14. If the random variable 𝑋 has the pdf 𝑓 𝑥 = . Then the pdf of 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 3 is
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
9
…………[Ans. 3𝑦 − ] [2004]
16
15. If for a random variable 𝑋, 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 = 1, then 𝑉𝑎𝑟 2𝑋 + 3 is ---------. [Ans. 4.] [2004]
16. The area under the standard normal curve beyond the lines 𝑍 = ±1.96 is ------[Ans. 0.05][2004]
17. The median and mode of the normal distribution 𝑁 𝑚, 𝜎 are equal and equal to ----. [Ans.
𝑚][2004]
3
18. The probability density function of a continuous distribution is given by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 , 0 <
4
1
𝑥 < 2. Compute mean and variance of the distribution. [Ans. 1, ][2004]
5
19. If the weekly wages of 10,000 workers in a factory follow a Normal Distribution with mean and
standard deviation Rs. 70 and Rs. 5 respectively, Find the expected number of worker whose
wages are (i) between Rs. 66 and Rs. 72. (ii) less than Rs. 66. (iii) more than Rs. 72. [Given that
𝑧 𝑡2
1 −
∫ 𝑒 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0.1554 and 0.2881 and 𝑍 = 0.4and 𝑍 = 0.8.]
2𝜋 0
[Ans. (i) 4435 (ii) 2119 (iii) 3446][2004]
20. The random variable 𝑋 is normally distributed with mean 68 cm. and s.d. 2.5cm. What should be
the size of the sample whose mean shall not differ from the population mean by more than 1cm

Page 9 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

with probability 0.95? [ Given that area under the standard normal curve to the right of the
ordinate at 1.96 is 0.025] [Ans. 25][2004]
21. The marks obtained by 17 candidates in an examination have mean 57 and variance 64. Find
99% confidence limits for the mean of the population of marks, assuming it to be normal. [Ans.
51.373, 62.627 for 16 degrees of freedom 𝑃 𝑡 > 2.9 = 0.01] [2004]
22. Define probability density function of a random variable. [2005]
𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
23. Show that 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 − 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 is a p.d.f of a random variable 𝑋 for suitable value . Find the
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
value of 𝑘. Then find the distribution function of the random variable 𝑋.
0, −∞ < 𝑥 < 0
𝑥2
, 0≤𝑥<1
2
[Ans. 𝑘 = 2, 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥2
] [2005]
2𝑥 − − 1, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
2
1, 𝑥>2
24. A random variable 𝑋 follows uniform distribution with parameters 0and 1. Find the p.d.f of the
2𝜇, 0 ≤ 𝜇 ≤ 1
random variable 𝑈 = 𝑋. [Ans. 𝑔 𝑥 = ] [2005]
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
25. 100unbiased coins are tossed. Using normal approximation to binomial distributon, calculate the
probability to get (a) exactly 40 heads (ii) 55 heads or more Given that Φ 2.1 = 0.9821,
Φ 1.9 = 0.9713 , Φ 0.9 = 0.8159. [2005]
1 1
26. If a random variable 𝑋 is uniformly distributed over 1 − ,1 + , then compute 𝑃 𝑥−𝜇 ≥
3 3
3
𝜎 and compare it with the upper bound obtained by Tchebycheff’s inequality. [Ans.
2
0.134][2005]
27. The length of the life of a tyre manufactured by a company follows a continuous distribution
𝑘
, 1000 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1500
given by the density function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥3 . Find the probability that a
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒
randomly selected tyre would function for at least 1200 hours.[2005]
𝑎+𝑏
28. The mean of a uniform distribution with parameters 𝑎 and 𝑏 is (a)𝑏 − 𝑎 (b) 𝑏 + 𝑎 (c) (d)
2
𝑏−𝑎
[Ans. c] [2006]
2
1 1
29. If 𝑋 is uniformly distributed over [1, 2 , find 𝑈 so that 𝑃 𝑋 > 𝑈 + 𝑋 = . [Ans. 𝑈 = ][2006]
6 3
𝑥 , −1 < 𝑥, 1
30. Show that a function: 𝑓 𝑥 = is a possible probability density function and hence
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒
0, 𝑥 ≤ −1
1
1 − 𝑥 2 , −1 < 𝑥 ≤ 0
find the corresponding distribution function. [Ans. 𝐹 𝑥 = 21 ][2006]
1 + 𝑥2 , 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
2
1, 1 < 𝑥
31. If the weekly wages of 10,000 workers in a factory follow a Normal Distribution with mean and
standard deviation Rs. 70 and Rs. 5 respectively, Find the expected number of worker whose
wages are (i) between Rs. 66 and Rs. 72. (ii) less than Rs. 66. (iii) more than Rs. 72. [Ans. (i)
4435 (ii) 2119 (iii) 3446][2006]
32. If 𝑋 is normally distributed with zero mean and unit variance, then the expectation of 𝑋 2 is (a) 1
(b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 0 [Ans. a] [2007]
𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0
33. A random variable 𝑋 has the following pdf: 𝑓 𝑥 = . Then the value of 𝐸 𝑋 is (a) 0
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(b) 1 (c) 2 (d) −1 [Ans. b] [2007]
𝑘, −2 < 𝑥 < 2
34. A random variable 𝑋 has the following pdf: 𝑓 𝑥 = . Then the value of the
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1 1 1 1
constant 𝑘 is (a) (b) (c) (d) . [Ans. c] [2007]
8 2 4 12

Page 10 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

35. The p.d.f of a random variable 𝑋is 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 𝑥 − 1 2 − 𝑥 , for 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2. Determine (i) the value
5 3
of 𝑘 (ii) the distribution function 𝐹 𝑥 (iii) 𝑃 ≤𝑋≤ [Ans. (i) 𝑘 = 6 (ii) 𝐹 𝑥 =
4 2
0, 𝑥 < 1
3𝑥 2 𝑥3 5 11
6 − − 2𝑥 + , 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 (iii) 32 ] [2007]
2 3 6
1, 𝑥 > 2
36. If 𝑋 is normally distributed with mean 3 and s.d. 2, find 𝑐 such that 𝑃 𝑋 > 𝑐 = 2𝑃 𝑋 ≤ 𝑐 . Given
0.43
that ∫−∞ Φ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 0.6666. [Ans. 2.14] [2007]
2 /2
37. If the probability density function of a random variable 𝑋 is given by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐. 𝑒 − 𝑥−2 , −∞ <
𝑥 < ∞, find the value of 𝑐, the expectation and variance of the distribution. [Hint:
∞ 𝑥 −2 2 𝑋−2 ∞ 2 ∞ 2
∫−∞ − 𝑑𝑥 = 1, Putting 𝑍 = , we get 𝑐 ∫−∞ 𝑒 −𝑍 2𝑑𝑍 = 1 ⇒ 2𝑐 × 2 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑍 𝑑𝑍 = 1,
2 2
∞1 1 ∞1 1 1
Putting 𝑍 2 = 𝑢 we get 2 2𝑐 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = 1 ⇒ 2𝑐 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = 1 ⇒ 2𝑐Γ =1⇒
2 2 2
1 1
2𝑐 𝜋 = 1, therefore 𝑐 = [Ans. 𝑐 = , Expectation=2, variance=1.] [2007]
2𝜋 2𝜋
38. The p.d.f of a continuous distribution of a random variable is given by
3
𝑥 2−𝑥 , 0<𝑥 <2 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 4 , compute mean and variance of 𝑥 [Ans. 1, ] [2007]
5
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝑘𝑥 1 − 𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < 1
39. The value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓 𝑥 = will be p.d.f of a random variable 𝑋 is (a)
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
6 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3 [Ans. a] [2008]
40. The area under the standard normal curve beyond the lines 𝑧 = ±1.96 is (a) 95% (b) 90% (c)
5% (d) 10% [Ans. a] [2008]
1
41. If 𝑋 is uniformly distributed over [1, 2 , find 𝐾 so that 𝑃 𝑋 > 𝐾 + 𝑚 = where 𝑚 = 𝐸 𝑋 .
6
3𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
42. If the random variable 𝑋 has the . 𝑑. 𝑓. 𝑓 𝑥 = , then find the 𝑝. 𝑑. 𝑓 of 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 3.
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒
3𝑦−9
[Ans. ] [2008]
10
43. A normal population has mean 0.1 and standard deviation 2.1. Find the probability that mean of a
sample of size 900 will be negative. Given that 𝑃 𝑍 < 1.43 = 0.847. [Ans. 0.0765] [2008]
44. 100unbiased coins are tossed. Using normal approximation to binomial distributon, calculate the
probability to get (a) exactly 40 heads (ii) 55 heads or more Giventhat Φ 2.1 = 0.9821,
Φ 1.9 = 0.9713 , Φ 0.9 = 0.8159. [2008]
3
45. The probability density function of a random variable 𝑋 is given by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < 2 ,
4
1
compute the mean and variance of 𝑋. [Ans. 1, ] [2008]
5
46. The mean weight of 500 male students are at a certain college is 150 lbs and the standard
deviation is 15lbs. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed find how many students’
weight (i) between 120 and 155 lbs (ii) more than 155 lbs. given that Φ 2 = 0.9772; Φ 0.33 =
0.6293] [Ans.(i) 303 (ii) 185] [2008]
1
47. Let 𝑋 be a standard normal variate. Find the probability density function of 𝑦 = 𝑋 3 .
2
1
𝑒 −𝑦 , 𝑦 > 0
[Ans. 𝑓𝑦 𝑦 = 𝜋𝑦 ] [2008]
0, 𝑦 ≤ 0
48. If the exponential distribution is given by the probability density function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 <
1
∞, then the mean of distribution is (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) 4 [Ans. a] [2009]
3

49. If 𝑋 follows a Normal Distribution with mean 12 and variance 16, find 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 20 . [Given that
2 1 2
1
∫−∞ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 0.977725] [Ans. 0.0228] [2009]
2𝜋
3
50. The probability density function of a continuous distribution is given by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 .
4
Compute mean and variance of the distribution. [2009]
51. The mean weight of 500 male students are at a certain college is 150 lbs and the standard
deviation is 15lbs. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed find how many students’

Page 11 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

weight (i) between 120 and 155 lbs (ii) more than 155 lbs. given that Φ 2 = 0.9772; Φ 0.33 =
0.6293] [Ans.(i) 303 (ii) 185] [2009]
𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
52. Show that 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 − 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 is a density function for suitable value of 𝑘. Calculate
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1 1 1 1 5
𝑃 <𝑥< .
[Ans.𝑘 = 2, 𝑃 < 𝑥 < = . [2010]
3 2 3 2 72
𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
53. Show that 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 − 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 is a p.d.f of a random variable 𝑋 for suitable value . Find the
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
value of 𝑘. Then find the distribution function of the random variable 𝑋. Calculate the probability
1 3 1 3 3
that the random variable lie between and . [Ans. 𝑘 = 2, 𝑃 <𝑋< = ] [2010]
2 2 2 2 4

54. In a normal distribution, 41% of the items are under 55 and 7% are above 64. Find the mean and
standard deviation. Given that 𝑃 −0.22 < 𝑧 < 0 = 0.09and 𝑃 0 < 𝑧 < 1.34 = 0.43. [Ans.
Mean=56.27; S.D.=5.769] [2010]
𝑘, −2 < 𝑥 < 2 1
55. A random variable 𝑋 has the following p.d.f: 𝑓 𝑥 = , then the value of is (a)
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 12
1 1 1
(b) (c) (d) . [2012]
2 4 8
56. If the exponential distribution is given by the probability density function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < ∞,
1
then the mena and variance of the distribution is (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) none of these. [2013]
3

57. Examine whether the function 𝑥 in −1, 1 and zero elsewhere is a density function. [2013]
58. Determine the mean and variance of exponential distribution. [2013]
59. If the exponential distribution is given by the probability density function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < ∞,
1
then the mena and variance of the distribution is (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) none of these. [2013]
3

60. Examine whether the function 𝑥 in −1, 1 and zero elsewhere is a density function. [2013]
61. Determine the mean and variance of exponential distribution. [2013]
𝑘𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
62. A random variable 𝑋 has the following density function: 𝑓 𝑥 = . The value of 𝑘 is
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) none of these. [2014]
63. The mean and variance of a distribution is given to be 10 and 6 respectively. Then the
distribution is (a) Standard normal distribution (b) Binomial distribution (c) Poison distribution
(d) None of these. [2014]
64. The statistic 𝑡 is said to be unbiased estimator of population parameter 𝜃 when (a) 𝐸 𝑡 = 𝜃 (b)
𝐸 𝑡 2 = 𝜃 (c) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = [𝐸 𝜃 2 (d) [𝐸 𝑡 2 = [𝐸 𝜃 2 [2014]
65. Let 𝑠 be a finite set containing 𝑛 elements. Then the probability that a mapping 𝑓: 𝑠 → 𝑠 will be a
𝑛𝑛 𝑛! 𝑛−1 𝑛+1
bijective mapping is (a) (b)
. [2014] (c) (d)
𝑛! 𝑛𝑛 𝑛! 𝑛!
𝑘, −2 < 𝑥 < 2
66. A random variable 𝑋 has the following pdf 𝑓 𝑥 = . Then the value of the constant
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1 1 1 1
𝑘is (a) (b) (c) (d) . [2015]
8 2 4 12
𝑎+𝑏
67. The mean of a uniform distribution with parameters 𝑎 and 𝑏 is (a) 𝑏 − 𝑎 (b) 𝑏 + 𝑎 (c) (d)
2
𝑏−𝑎
[2015]
2
68. Define Normal distribution and find its mean, variance and standard deviation. [2015]
69. A normal population has mean 0.1 and standard deviation 2.1. Find the probability that the mean
of sample of size 900 will be negative. (Given that 𝑃 𝑧 < 1.43 = 0.847 ) [2015]
70. A random variable 𝑋 follows uniform distribution with parameters 0and 1. Find the pdf of the
random variable 𝑈 = 𝑋. [2015]
71. The mean yield for one acre plot is 662 kilos with a standard deviation 32 Kilos. Assuming
normal distribution how many one acre plots in a batch of 1000 plots whould expect to have
yield over 700 kilos? (Given that Φ 1.19 = 0.3830) [2016]

Page 12 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

72. Let 𝑋 be uniformly distributed over the interval [1, 2 and 𝑋 = 𝐸 𝑋 . Find out the value of 𝑎 so
1
that 𝑃 𝑋 > 𝑎 + 𝑋 = . [2016]
6
𝑏−𝑎 𝑏−𝑎 2
73. The variance of a rectangular uniform distribution with parameters 𝑎 and 𝑏 is (a) (b)
2 12
𝑎+𝑏 2 𝑏−𝑎 2
(c) (d) . [2017]
12 2
74. The mean and standard deviation of the standard normal variable are (a) 0, −1 (b) 1, 1 (c) 0,1
(d) 1,0. [2017]
75. A random variable 𝑋 has the following probability density function: 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑘𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 2
. The value of 𝑘 is (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) none of these. [2017]
0, 𝑜𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 3
76. Determine the mean and standard deviation of exponential distribution. [2017]
77. The mean of a normal distribution is 50 and 5% of the values are greater than 60. Find the
standard deviation of the distribution (Area under standard normal curve between 𝑧 = 0 and
𝑧 = 1.64is 0.45). [2017]
𝑥
1 −
78. Show that for the exponential distribution 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝜎 , 0 < 𝑥 < ∞, mean and standard
𝜎
deviation both are equal to 𝜎. [2017]
79. A fair coin is tosses 400 times. Using normal approximation to binomial distribution find the
probability of obtaining (i) exactly 200 heads, (ii) Between 190 and 210 heads, both inclusive,
given that the area under standard normal curve between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 5.05 is = 0.0199 and
between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 1.05 is = 0.3531. [Ans (i) 0.0398 (ii) 0.7062] [2010]
80. A fair coin is tossed 400 times. Using normal approximation to binomial distribution find the
probability of obtaining (i) exactly 200heads (b) between 190 and 210 heads, both inclusive.
Given that the area under standard normal curve between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 0.05 is 0.0199 and
between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 1.05is 0.353. [Ans. 0.7062] [2007]

Statistics
𝜕𝐿 𝜃 𝜕𝐿 𝜃
78. The maximum likelihood estimate is a solution of the equation (a) = 0 (b) = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝜕]𝜃 𝜕]𝜃
𝜕𝐿 𝜃
(c) = 𝜃 (d) none of these. [2019]
𝜕]𝜃
79. A statistic 𝑡 is said to be an unbiased estimator of a population parameter 𝜃 when (a) 𝐸 𝑡 = 𝜃
(b) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = 𝜃 (c) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = [𝐸 𝜃 2 (d) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = [𝐸 𝑡 2 .[2019]
1
80. The probability of sample space is (a) 1 (b) (c) 0 (d) none of these.[2019]
2
81. State law of large numbers.[2003]
82. Define power of a test.[2003]
83. State Wesk Law of Large Number and Central Limit Theorem.[2005]
84. Let 𝑋𝑘 be mutually independent and identically distributed random variables with mean 𝜇 and
finite variance. If 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 + ⋯ + 𝑋𝑛 , prove that WLLN does not hold for the sequence 𝑆𝑛 .
[2005]
85. The length of life 𝑋 of certain computers is approximately normally distributed with mean 800𝑕
and s.d. 40𝑕. If a random sample of 30 computers has an average life of 788𝑕, test the null
hypothesis that 𝜇 = 800𝑕, against the alternative hypothesis 𝜇 ≠ 800𝑕 at 5% level of
significance. [Given that 𝑍0.025 = 1.96] [Ans. 𝑧 = −1.6431; accepted][2006]
86. A random sample of two individuals is to be drawn from a population of size 43. The possible
number of distinct samples under SRSWR is (a) 43 × 43 (b) 43 𝐶2 (c) 43 𝑃2 (d) none of these.
[Ans. a][2008]

Page 13 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

87. The expected value of the sample variance of size 𝑛 drawn from a population with mean 𝑚 and
𝑛 −1 𝜎2
standard deviation 𝜎 is (a) 𝜎 2 (b) 𝑛𝜎 2 (c) 𝜎 2 (d) [Ans. c] [2008]
𝑛 𝑛
88.
89. A statistic 𝑡 is said to be an unbiased estimator of a population parameter 𝜃, when (a) 𝐸 𝑡 = 𝜃
(b) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = 𝜃 (c) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = 𝐸 𝜃 2 (d) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = 𝐸 𝜃 2 .[2012]
𝜕∠ 𝜃 𝜕∠ 𝜃
90. The maximum likelihood estimate is a solution of the equation (a) = 0 (b) =
𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜃
𝜕∠ 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡(c) = 𝜃 (d) none of these. [2012]
𝜕𝜃
91. If 𝐻1 𝜇 > 60 is an alternative hypiothesis, then the null hypothesis is (a) 𝐻0 𝜇 < 60 (b)
𝐻0 𝜇 ≥ 60 (c) 𝐻0 𝜇 ≤ 60 (d) none of these. [2012]

92. A random sample with observation 65, 71, 64, 71, 70, 69, 64, 63, 67, 68 is drawn from a normal
population with variance 7.056. Test the hypothesis’s that the population mean is 69 at 1% level
of significance. [Given that 𝑃 0 < 𝑧, 2.58 = 0.495]. [2012]
93. If 𝑇 is an unbiased estimator of 𝜃, show that 𝑇 is biased estimate of 𝜃. [2012]
94. If a population has normal distribution with parameter 𝜇 and 𝜎, then prove that the statistic
1 𝑛 2 2
𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − 𝜇 is maximum likelihood estimate of 𝜎 where 𝜇 is known. [2012]
95. Prove that the sample mean 𝑥 is an unbiased estimator of the population mean. [2012]
96. The standard deviation of a sample mean for SRSWR is (a) 𝜎 2 /𝑛 (b) 𝜎/ 𝑛 (c) 𝜎/𝑛 (d) 𝑛. [2013]
97. If 𝑡 is a statistic such as 𝐸 𝑡 2 = 5and 𝐸 𝑡 = 2, then the standard error of 𝑡 is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2
(d) none of these. [2013]
98. Let 𝑋 be the sample mean of samples of size 𝑛 drawn at radom from a population which is
normally distributed with mean 𝜇 and variance 𝜎 2 . Find the standard error of the statistic 𝑋.
[2013]
99. The probability density function of a random variable 𝑋 is assumed to be of the form
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑥 𝛼 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 for some number and constant 𝑐. If 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , ⋯ , 𝑋𝑛 is a random sample of
size 𝑛, find the maximum likelihood estimate of 𝛼. [2013]
100. In ‘Goodness of fit’ which of the following is used as test statistic (a) normal variate (b) 𝑡
variate (c) Poisson variate (d) 𝜒 2 variate. [2014]
101. If 𝑇 is an unbiased estimator of 𝜃, then show that 𝑇 2 is a biased estimator of 𝜃 2 . [2014]
102. In a certain city, the daily consumption of electric power (in millions of kilowatt hours)
1
𝑥𝑒 −𝑥/2 , 𝑥 > 0
is a random variable having the probability density 𝑓 𝑥 = 9 . If the city power
0, 𝑥≤0
plant has a daily capacity 12 million kilowatt-hours, what is the probability that this power
supply will be inadequate on any given day? [2014]
103. Suppose that an airplane engine will fail, when in flight, with probability 1 − 𝑝
independently from engine to engine; Suppose that the airplane will make a successful flight if at
least 50% of its engines remain operative. For what value of 𝑝 is a four-engine plane preferable
to a two engine plane? [2014]
104. Find the mean of an uniform distribution. [2014]
105. If the weekly wages of 10,000 workers in a factory follows normal distribution with mean and
standard deviation Rs. 70 and Rs. 5respectively, then find the expected number of workers
whose weekly wages are (i) between Rs. 66 and Rs. 72 (ii) less than Rs. 66. [Given that the area
under the standard normal curve between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 0.4 is 0.1554 and 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 0.8is
0.2881. [2014]
2
𝑘𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 0
106. The probability density of a random variable 𝑧 is given by 𝑓 𝑧 =
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑧 ≤ 0
Find the value of 𝑘 and find out the corresponding distribution function of 𝑧.[2014]
107. A random sample of size 𝑛 = 100 is taken from an infinite population with the mean 𝜇 = 75
and variance 𝜎 2 = 256. Based on Chebyshev’s theorem with what probability can we assert that
the value we obtained for 𝑋 will fall between 67and 83 . [2014]

Page 14 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

108. Suppose that 100 tires made by certain manufacturer lasted on the average 21819 miles with
a standard deviation 1295 miles. Test the null hypothesis 𝜇 = 22000miles against the alternate
hypothesis𝜇 < 22000 miles at the 0.05 level of significance. [2014]
109. Let 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛 be the values of a random sample from an exponential population that is
𝑥𝑖
1
𝑥𝑖 = 𝑒 − 𝜃 𝑥𝑖 > 0. Then find the maximum likelihood estimator of its parameter 𝜃. [2014]
𝜃
110.
i) A null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis which is set uo and whose validity is tested for
possible (a) acceptance (b) rejection (c) testing (d) none of these. [2015]
1. A random sample of size 20 from a normal population gives the sample mean 42 and the sample
standard deviation of 6. Test the hypothesis that the population mean is 44. Value of 𝑡
distribution with 19 degrees of freedom at 5% level is 2.09. [2015]
2. If a population has normal distribution with parameters 𝜇and 𝜎, then show that the statistic
1 𝑛
𝜎2 = 𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − 𝜇
2
is a maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜎 2 when 𝜇 is known. [2015]
𝑛
3. Survey of 320 families with 5 children each revealed the following distribution
No. of boys 5 4 3 2 1 0
No. of Girls 0 1 2 3 4 5
No. of Family 14 56 110 88 40 12
Is the result with the hypothesis that male and female births are equally probable? The 5% value
of 𝑋 2 with 5 DOF is 11.07. [2015]
4. A machine part was designed to withstand an average pressure of 120 units. A random sample of
size 100 from a large batch was tested and it was found that the average pressure which these
parts can withstand is 105 units with a standard deviation of 20 units. Test at 5% level of
significance whether the batch meet the specification. Suppose the population has normal
distribution and given that Φ 1.645 = 0.45. [2015]
1 6 6 1
i) If 𝐸 𝑇 = 5𝜃 + 6 then the unbiased estimator of 𝜃 is (a) 𝑇 − (b) 𝑇 − (c) 𝑇 (d) 𝑇 −
5 5 5 5
2[2016]

1. If 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 , ⋯ , 𝑋𝑛 constitute a random sample of size 𝑛 from an infinite population with mean 𝜇

𝜎2
and variance 𝜎 2 , then prove that 𝐸 𝑋 = 𝜇 and 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 = . [2016]
𝑛
2. If 𝑋 has the standard normal variate, then find the probability density function of 𝑍 = 𝑋 2 . [2016]
3. A random sample with observations 65, 71, 64, 71, 70, 69, 64, 63, 67, 68 is drawn from a normal
population with a standard deviation 7.056. Test the hypothesis that the population mean is 69
at 1% level of significance. [Given that 𝑃 0 < 𝑧 < 2.58 = 0.495]. [2016]
4. Let 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛 be the values of a random sample from an exponential population that is
𝑥
1
𝑓 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑒 −𝜃 for 𝑥𝑖 > 0. Then find the maximum likelihood estimator of its parameter 𝜃. [2016]
𝜃
i) The statistic 𝑡 is said to be an unbiased estimator of a population parameter 𝜃 when (a)
𝐸 𝑡 = 𝜃 (b) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = 𝜃 (c) 𝐸 𝑡 2 = [𝐸 𝜃 2 (d) [𝐸 𝑡 2 = [𝐸 𝜃 2 . [2017]

1. A random sample with observations 65, 71, 64, 71, 70, 69, 64, 63, 67, 68 is drawn from a normal
population with standard deviation. Test the hypothesis that population mean 69 at 1% level of
significance. [Given that 𝑃 0 < 𝑧 < 2.58 = 0.495]. [2017]
2. The following figures show the distribution of digits in numbers chosen at random from a
telephone directory:

Digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Frequency 1026 1107 997 966 1075 933 1107 972 964 853 10,000
Test whether the distribution of digits may be taken to occur equally frequently in directory. [The
2
tabulated 𝜒0.05 for 9 d.f.=16.919] [2017]

111.

Page 15 of 16
Practice Problem Sheet BS M201/ADE/AEIE

1. If a population has Poisson distribution with parameter 𝜆, then show that the sample mean is the
maximum likelihood estimate of 𝜆. [2017]

2. A normal population has a mean 0.1 and standard deviation 2.1. Find the probability
that the mean of a sample of size 900 will be negative. Given that 𝑃 𝑧 = 1.43 = 0.847.
[2012]

Page 16 of 16