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Hands On Session 6

The document contains exercises for a Principles of Thermodynamics course at Gebze Technical University, focusing on the conservation of energy for control volumes. Each exercise presents a thermodynamic scenario involving various substances and processes, requiring calculations of parameters such as velocity, temperature, power input, and heat transfer. The exercises cover topics like adiabatic nozzles, compressors, turbines, heat exchangers, and energy losses.

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Hüseyin Emir Kıvanç
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11 views5 pages

Hands On Session 6

The document contains exercises for a Principles of Thermodynamics course at Gebze Technical University, focusing on the conservation of energy for control volumes. Each exercise presents a thermodynamic scenario involving various substances and processes, requiring calculations of parameters such as velocity, temperature, power input, and heat transfer. The exercises cover topics like adiabatic nozzles, compressors, turbines, heat exchangers, and energy losses.

Uploaded by

Hüseyin Emir Kıvanç
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

GEBZE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

EXERCISES FOR PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS COURSE

Hands-on Session 6 – Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume

Exercise 1)
Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 1 MPa and 500℃ with a mass flow rate
of 6000 kg/h and leaves at 100 kPa and 450 m/s. The inlet area of the nozzle is 40 𝑐𝑚2 .
Determine (a) the inlet velocity and (b) the exit temperature.

Exercise 2)
The diffuser in a jet engine is designed to decrease the kinetic energy of the air entering the
engine compressor without any work or heat interactions. Calculate the velocity at the exit of a
diffuser when air at 100 kPa and 30℃ enters it with a velocity of 350 m/s and the exit state is
200 kPa and 90℃.

Exercise 3)
Refrigerant-134a enters an adiabatic compressor as saturated vapor at −24 ℃ and leaves at 0.8
MPa and 60℃. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 1.2 kg/s. Determine (a) the power input
to the compressor and (b) the volume flow rate of the refrigerant at the compressor inlet.
Exercise 4)
Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 4 MPa,
500℃, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 30 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50 m/s. The mass
flow rate of the steam is 12 kg/s. Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the power
output, and (c) the turbine inlet area.

Exercise 5)
Helium is to be compressed from 105 kPa and 295 K to 700 kPa and 460 K. A heat loss of 15
kJ/kg occurs during the compression process. Neglecting kinetic energy changes, determine the
power input required for a mass flow rate of 60 kg/min.
Exercise 6)
Refrigerant-134a is throttled from the saturated liquid state at 700 kPa to a pressure of 160 kPa.
Determine the temperature drop during this process and the final specific volume of the
refrigerant.

Exercise 7)
A thin-walled double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger is used to cool oil (𝐶𝑝 = 2.20 kJ/kg·℃)
from 150 to 40℃ at a rate of 2 kg/s by water (𝐶𝑝 = 4.18 kJ/kg·℃) that enters at 22℃ at a rate
of 1.5 kg/s. Determine the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger and the exit temperature
of water.
Exercise 8)
Hot exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine are to be used to produce saturated water
vapor at 2 MPa pressure. The exhaust gases enter the heat exchanger at 400℃ at a rate of 32
kg/min while water enters at 15℃. The heat exchanger is not well insulated, and it is estimated
that 10 percent of heat given up by the exhaust gases is lost to the surroundings. If the mass
flow rate of the exhaust gases is 15 times that of the water, determine (a) the temperature of the
exhaust gases at the heat exchanger exit and (b) the rate of heat transfer to the water. Use the
constant specific heat properties of air for the exhaust gases.

Exercise 9)
Steam enters a steady-flow turbine with a mass flow rate of 13 kg/s at 600℃, 8 MPa, and a
negligible velocity. The steam expands in the turbine to a saturated vapor at 300 kPa where 10
percent of the steam is removed for some other use. The remainder of the steam continues to
expand to the turbine exit where the pressure is 10 kPa and quality is 85 percent. If the turbine
is adiabatic, determine the rate of work done by the steam during this process.
Exercise 10)
An adiabatic air compressor is to be powered by a direct-coupled adiabatic steam turbine that
is also driving a generator. Steam enters the turbine at 12.5 MPa and 500℃ at a rate of 25 kg/s
and exits at 10 kPa and a quality of 0.92. Air enters the compressor at 98 kPa and 295 K at a
rate of 10 kg/s and exits at 1 MPa and 620 K. Determine the net power delivered to the generator
by the turbine.

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