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Note 20 Sep 2023

The document explains key concepts in energy management systems, including the Energy Control Centre (ECC), Energy Management System (EMS), and SCADA. It details EMS subsystems such as data acquisition, security monitoring, and energy economy, as well as functions like load shedding and generator control. Additionally, it covers state estimation, security, unit commitment, economic dispatch, and the benefits of integrating renewable energy sources into the power system.

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〆Miracle
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6 views3 pages

Note 20 Sep 2023

The document explains key concepts in energy management systems, including the Energy Control Centre (ECC), Energy Management System (EMS), and SCADA. It details EMS subsystems such as data acquisition, security monitoring, and energy economy, as well as functions like load shedding and generator control. Additionally, it covers state estimation, security, unit commitment, economic dispatch, and the benefits of integrating renewable energy sources into the power system.

Uploaded by

〆Miracle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is an ECC? What is an EMS? What is SCADA?

The energy control centre (ECC) has traditionally been the decisions -centre for the electric
transmission and generation interconnected system

An energy management system is a system of computer-aided tools used by operators


of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of the
generation or transmission system.

SCADA is an acronym for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA systems
are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as
telecommunications, water and waste control, energy.
List the subsystems of an EMS? Explain each of them?
• Data acquisition and Processing
Data acquisition systems are a process for capturing, storing, analyzing, and
manipulating data. The data is acquired through di erent techniques including voltage
signals, current signals, power signals….

• Security monitoring
The process of detecting, whether the system remains in secure (normal) or insecure
(emergency) state, is called power system security assessment. Secure state implies
that the load is satis ed and no limit violations will occur under present operating
conditions

• Energy economy
Energy economics is a broad scienti c subject area which includes topics related to
supply and use of energy in societies. Considering the cost of energy services and
associated value gives economic meaning to the e ciency at which energy can be
produced.

List ve functions of an EMS? Explain each of them?

Load shedding
Load shedding is used as a last resort measure to balance the demand and supply of
electricity across the National Electricity Market. The grid may become unstable if there
is not enough power supply to meet the demand for electricity from all customers.

Active & reactive power control


The active power is that amount of the total electric power in an AC electric circuit
which actually consumed or utilized
Reactive power production and consumption by generators allows the network
operator to control voltages throughout their system

A circuit breaker
is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by
overcurrent/overload or short circuit

A control transformer
is required to supply voltage to a load which requires signi cantly more current when
initially energized than under normal steady state operating conditions. A control
transformer is designed to provide secondary voltage stability under a short period of
speci c overload referred to as inrush.

Generator Control
is an integrated solution developed to cover all the control requirements of small to
large generators for hydro, industrial and utility power plants

What are: state estimation, security, unit commitment, economic


dispatch
State estimation
The power system states are those parameters that can be used to determine all other
parameters of the power system
Security
The ability of a power system network to withstand (maintain power balance)
contingencies (faults) and remain operating within its acceptable limits.
Unit commitment
schedules generating units on and o • schedules some units to come on
during high load periods and go o
during low load periods
economic dispatch
schedules generation to minimize generation cost while taking into account the power
balance and other operating constraints

What is automatic generation control

The frequency of a power system depends on real power balance. As frequency is the
same throughout the system, a change in real power demand at one point is re ected
throughout .

How voltage and frequency are controlled in a power system?


In a typical electrical grid, the basics of the voltage control are provided by the
synchronous generators. These generators are equipped with automatic voltage
regulators that adjust the excitation eld keeping the voltage at the generator's
terminals within the target range.

Frequency variations in a power system occur because of an imbalance between


generation and load. When the frequency value of a power system reaches the
emergency condition, the control strategy is initiated. The frequency control is divided
in three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary controls.

What are the bene ts of integrating renewable energy sources in the


power system

e cient, low-cost, clean energy, enhance local resiliency, and improve the operation
and stability of the regional electric grid.

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