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ER Model

The Entity Relationship Model (ER Model) is a framework for identifying entities and their relationships within a database. It includes concepts such as entities, attributes, and relationships, with entities classified as strong or weak based on their dependency on other entities. Attributes are defined as properties of entities, with types including key, composite, multivalued, and derived attributes.

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19 views8 pages

ER Model

The Entity Relationship Model (ER Model) is a framework for identifying entities and their relationships within a database. It includes concepts such as entities, attributes, and relationships, with entities classified as strong or weak based on their dependency on other entities. Attributes are defined as properties of entities, with types including key, composite, multivalued, and derived attributes.

Uploaded by

mujeeransari96
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction of ER Model

The Entity Relationship Model is a model for identifying entities (like student,
car or company) to be represented in the database and representation of how
those entities are related.

ER Model is used to model the logical view of the system from a data
perspective which consists of these symbols:

ER Model consists of Entities, Attributes, and Relationships among Entities in

a Database System.
What is Entity?
An Entity may be an object with a physical existence – a particular person,

car, house, or employee – or it may be an object with a conceptual existence –

a company, a job, or a university course.

What is Entity Set?


An Entity is an object of Entity Type and a set of all entities is called an entity

set. For Example, E1 is an entity having Entity Type Student and the set of all

students is called Entity Set. In ER diagram, Entity Type is represented as:


Types of Entity
There are two types of entity:

1. Strong Entity

A Strong Entity is a type of entity that has a key Attribute. Strong Entity does

not depend on other Entity in the Schema. It has a primary key, that helps in

identifying it uniquely, and it is represented by a rectangle. These are called

Strong Entity Types.


2. Weak Entity

An Entity type has a key attribute that uniquely identifies each entity in the

entity set. But some entity type exists for which key attributes can’t be

defined. These are called Weak Entity types .

For Example, A company may store the information of dependents (Parents,

Children, Spouse) of an Employee. But the dependents can’t exist without the

employee. So Dependent will be a Weak Entity Type and Employee will be

Identifying Entity type for Dependent, which means it is Strong Entity Type .

A weak entity type is represented by a Double Rectangle. The participation

of weak entity types is always total. The relationship between the weak

entity type and its identifying strong entity type is called identifying

relationship and it is represented by a double diamond.


What is Attributes?
Attributes are the properties that define the entity type. For example,

Roll_No, Name, DOB, Age, Address, and Mobile_No are the attributes that

define entity type Student. In ER diagram, the attribute is represented by an

oval.

Types of Attributes

1. Key Attribute

The attribute which uniquely identifies each entity in the entity set is called

the key attribute. For example, Roll_No will be unique for each student. In ER

diagram, the key attribute is represented by an oval with underlying lines.

2. Composite Attribute

An attribute composed of many other attributes is called a composite

attribute. For example, the Address attribute of the student Entity type
consists of Street, City, State, and Country. In ER diagram, the composite

attribute is represented by an oval comprising of ovals.

3. Multivalued Attribute

An attribute consisting of more than one value for a given entity. For

example, Phone_No (can be more than one for a given student). In ER

diagram, a multivalued attribute is represented by a double oval.

4. Derived Attribute
An attribute that can be derived from other attributes of the entity type is

known as a derived attribute. e.g.; Age (can be derived from DOB). In ER

diagram, the derived attribute is represented by a dashed oval.

The Complete Entity Type Student with its Attributes can be represented as:

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