COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND Ms.

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DRAWING (CADD)
 CADD
➢ CADD is an electronic tool that enables us to make quick and accurate drawings with the use of a
computer.

➢ CADD enable you to do 2D drawings, 3D drawings, renderings, shadings, engineering calculations,

space planning, structural design, piping layouts, plant design, project management, etc .

Examples of CAD software

- AutoCAD, PROlEngineer, IDEAS, UNIGRAPHICS, CATIA, Solid Works, etc.
 HISTORY OF CAD
▪In 1883 Charles Barbage developed idea for computer.
▪First CAD demonstration is given by Ivan Sutherland (1963).
▪A year later IBM produced the first commercial CAD system.
▪Many changes have taken place since then, with the advancement of powerful
computers, it is now possible to do all the designs using CAD including two-
dimensional drawings, solid modeling, complex engineering analysis, production and
manufacturing.
▪ New technologies are constantly invented which make this process quicker, more
versatile and more Powerful.
 ADVANTAGES OF CAD
Drawings created with CADD have a number of advantages over drawings created on a
drawing board.
1. Detail drawings may be created more quickly and making changes is more efficient than
correcting drawings drawn manually.
2. It allows different views of the same object and 3D pictorial view, which gives better
visualization of drawings.
3. Designs and symbols can be stored for easy recall and reuse.
4. By using the computer, the drawing can be produced with more accuracy.
5. Drawings can be more conveniently filed, retrieved and transmitted on disks and tape.
6. Quick Design Analysis, also Simulation and Testing Possible.
AUTO CAD
MAIN
WINDOW
 STARTING A NEW DRAWING
Select NEW file from pull-down or Toolbar
File>New
Startup dialog box will be opened, with four
Options
• Open an existing drawing
• Start from scratch
• Use a template
• Use a Wizard
Select Start from Scratch, Click on Metric
(millimetres).
OPENING AN EXISTING DRAWING

➢ Choose OPEN from FILE pull-down or use

opening an existing drawing in the start-up
dialogue.

Note: Drawing files have extensions of .dwg

 SETTING DRAWING LIMITS
It is normal when using AutoCAD to draw objects full size, so it's usually necessary to reset the
drawing limits to (about) the size of the object being drawn.
Move the cursor to the bottom left of the screen, you can notice Command box. We can fix
required paper size like AO, AI, A2, A3, A4 etc. from the Command box.
ERASING OBJECTS
Removes objects from the drawing. Activate from Modify pull-down
➢Prompt will appear to .... select objects
➢Cursor changes to selection box
➢Ways to select objects for erasure
➢Pick with selection box
➢Create a window to select multiple objects
➢Type ALL to select everything visible on screen
SAVING A DRAWING FILE

Save
Saves drawing to current name (Quick save - QS)
Allows user to input name if drawing has never been saved
Save as
Allows input of a drawing name or location every time
Provides the ability to change file saving version
EXITING AN AUTOCAD SESSION
Close
• Closes the drawing but does not leave the software
Exit
• Closes the drawing AND leaves the software

Note: Both will give an extra chance to save the changes in your work
THE COORDINATE SYSTEM
➢The coordinate system is another method of locating points in the drawing area. It
enables us to locate points by specifying distances from a fixed reference point.
➢One can locate a point by giving its distance in the horizontal direction, vertical
direction, measuring along an angle, etc.
➢The coordinate system is available when a function requires data input in the form
of point locations. You may use it while drawing, editing or any time you need to
locate a point. The most common coordinate systems are as follows:
• Cartesian coordinates
• Polar coordinates
 CARTESIAN COORDINATES
Cartesian coordinates is a rectangular system of measurement that enables you to locate
points with the help of horizontal and vertical coordinates.

The horizontal values, called X-coordinates, are measured along the X-axis.

The vertical values, called Y-coordinates, are measured along the Y-axis. The intersection of the
X- and Y-axes is called the origin point, which represents the (0,0) location of the coordinate
system.
CARTESIAN COORDINATES(CONT..)

▪The positive X values are measured to the right and

the positive Y values are measured above the origin
point.
▪The negative X and Y values are measured to the
left and below.
▪To enter a coordinate, you need to enter both the X
and Y values separated by a comma (X, Y).
CARTESIAN COORDINATES(CONT..)
POLAR COORDINATES (CONT…)

Polar coordinates allow you to define A point by specifying the distance

and the direction from a Given point.
This mode of measurement is quite helpful in working with angles.
To draw a line at an Angle, you need to specify how long a line you
want to draw and specify the angle.
POLAR COORDINATES
THE FORMATS TO ENTER COORDINATES

Cartesian or polar coordinate values can be entered in two formats:

• Absolute
• Relative
ABSOLUTE FORMAT
Absolute Coordinates

All input points specify in your drawing using standard Cartesian coordinates x and y. Using
absolute coordinate, points entered by typing x,y [Enter]

➢It is a way of measuring distances from a fixed reference location (origin point), which is the
0,0 location of the coordinate system. Consider this point to be stationary at all times.
➢ In some CADD programs this point remains visible at the left bottom corner of the drawing
area, while in others it is invisible.
➢You can use this point as a reference to measure any distance in the drawing.
➢ Absolute coordinates are primarily used to adjust the alignment of diagrams in a drawing,
to align one drawing with another or to make plotting adjustments.
ABSOLUTE FORMAT (CONT….)
 RELATIVE FORMAT
Relative Coordinates

After first points entered, your next points can be entered by specifying the next coordinate
compare/relative from the first points. The relative coordinate started with symbol “@” tell AutoCAD
it was a relative coordinates. Using relative coordinate, points entered by typing @x,y [Enter]

It is a way of measuring distances from the last point entered.

All measurements are taken the same way as the absolute coordinates, with the only difference being
that the relative coordinates are measured from the last point entered instead of the origin point.

When a point is entered, it becomes the reference for entering the next point and so on. This mode of
measurement is frequently used for drawing because it is always convenient to place the drawing
components relative to each other rather than a fixed reference point.
RELATIVE FORMAT (CONT…)
EXAMPLES
Cartesian Coordinates
• Sounds like math, and it is exactly the same as in math
• Input as either Absolute or Relative Coordinates
- Absolute X; Y
- Relative @K, Y
Polar Coordinates ( Vector Coordinates)
• Used to input a distance and the direction angle
• Format: @Distance<Angle
USER-DEFINED COORDINATE SYSTEM
➢CADD allows you to create a user-defined coordinate system that can help simplify drawing.
When you need to work with a complex drawing that has many odd angles this mode of
measurement is very useful.
➢To define a new coordinate system, you need to specify where you want the origin point and
the direction of the X and Y-axis. The computer keeps working according to this customized
coordinate system unless you set it back to normal
USER-DEFINED COORDINATE SYSTEM
The user-defined coordinate system is especially helpful when you are working with 3D.

In a 3D drawing, you need to define each point with three coordinates and work with various

surfaces of a 3D model.

The user-defined coordinate system allows you to align coordinates with a specific surface.
 FUNCTION KEYS
F I - AutoCAD Help Screens
F2 - Toggle Text/Graphics Screen
F3 - OSNAP On/Off
F4 - Toggle Tablet Modes On/Off
F5 - Toggle Isoplanes Modes On/Off
F6 - Toggle Coordinates Modes On/Off
• Coordinates has 2 modes when in a drawing command
• X. Y coordinates
• Polar coordinates (Distance<Angle)
F7 - Toggle Grid Modes On/Off
F8 - Toggle Ortho Modes On/Off
F9 - Toggle Snap Modes On/Off
FIO - Toggle Polar Modes On/Off
FII - Toggle Object Snap Tracking Modes On/Off
 DEFINITIONS :
Click
• Press once and release
• Also commonly used to refer to left-click
Left-click
• Press left-mouse button (LMB) once and release
• Commonly used to pick or choose an item
Right-click
• Press right-mouse button (RMB) once and release
• Commonly used to access pop-up menu
 DEFINITIONS :
Double-click
• Commonly referred to clicking left mouse button twice
Click-and-drag
• Commonly referred to pressing left mouse button (and not releasing it) and
move the mouse as required
• The left mouse button is released to finish the command
 CHOOSING COMMANDS IN AUTOCAD
Methods of choosing commands or to execute the command
• Pick from pull-down menu

• Select from Toolbar

• Type command on Command Prompt Line

PULL-DOWN MENUS [PD-
MENU]
Select pull-down through left mouse button
Move mouse to command and click left button to
select command
-Example:
• To draw straight line,
• [pd menu] >Design > Line
TOOL BAR SELECTION
Use mouse to track over Toolbar image for
button detection
Left mouse button click will select command
 ACTIVATING TOOL BARS
Right mouse click on any toolbar button will bring up the toolbar activation menu.
Pick toolbar menu to activate it
 COMMAND PROMPT LINE
➢Located at bottom of screen
➢Left click in command prompt area and type in command
➢Press Enter key to input command

➢To draw a straight line type in

• Command: line {enter}
• You just have to type in the word line and press the key Enter
• The command is not case sensitive
RIGHT MOUSE CLICKING

It will get you everywhere!

Command and area specific menus
will appear upon right mouse clicking
The default Right mouse click menu is
shown on the right