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Machine Learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn from experience and improve without explicit programming, with applications across various industries such as finance, healthcare, and marketing. The document outlines three main types of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each with distinct methodologies and use cases. It also discusses the importance of testing and validation in ensuring model performance and addresses challenges like overfitting and interpretability.

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Youssef Mrakchi
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7 views16 pages

ML 1

Machine Learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn from experience and improve without explicit programming, with applications across various industries such as finance, healthcare, and marketing. The document outlines three main types of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each with distinct methodologies and use cases. It also discusses the importance of testing and validation in ensuring model performance and addresses challenges like overfitting and interpretability.

Uploaded by

Youssef Mrakchi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Y.Chtouki@aui.

ma
2

Introduction
to Machine
Learning

Chapter 1 NEXT
3

What is Machine
Learning?
Concept Importance Applications
Machine Learning is a branch of Machine Learning plays a crucial Machine Learning is used in diverse
artificial intelligence that allows role in various industries by fields such as finance, healthcare,
systems to learn and improve from enabling computers to marketing, robotics, and more. Its
experience without being explicitly automatically learn and improve applications range from fraud
programmed. It focuses on the from experience. It powers detection and customer
development of algorithms that applications like recommendation segmentation to autonomous
can analyze data, learn from it, and systems, image and speech vehicles and predictive
make predictions or decisions recognition, medical diagnosis, and maintenance.
based on the learned patterns. more.

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4

Popular Uses of
Machine
Learning
Common Applications
Machine Learning is widely used in
recommendation systems (like Netflix),
natural language processing (such as
chatbots), predictive analytics,
autonomous vehicles, healthcare
diagnostics, and more.

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5

Badi Az-Zaman Ismail Al-Jazari, a Muslim


scientist, polymath, mathematician,
mechanical engineer, inventor and
artisan. Al-Jazari was born in 1136 and,
like his father before him, served as chief
engineer at the Artuklu Palace of a
Turkish dynasty of Artukids who ruled in
Eastern Anatolia and Jazira in the 12th
and 13th centuries.

Which of his inventions you find most fascinating? Which you see exist now? Which you believe is not
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available yet?
6

History

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Types of Machine Learning


Systems
Typ e D escrip tion
Trained on labeled data with correct answers
Supervised Learning
provided

Unsupervised Learning Finds patterns in data without labeled responses

Learns by rewarding good decisions and punishing


Reinforcement Learning
bad ones

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Supervised Learning

Concept Examples Applications

Supervised learning is a type of Examples of supervised learning Common applications of


machine learning where the include image classification, supervised learning are in
algorithm learns from labeled spam email classification, healthcare for diagnosing
training data. It involves mapping sentiment analysis, and diseases, in finance for fraud
input data to the correct output. predicting stock prices based on detection, and in marketing for
For example, predicting housing historical data. customer segmentation.
prices based on features like
location, size, and age.
Unsupervised Learning

Explanation Examples Applications

Unsupervised learning involves Examples of unsupervised Unsupervised learning is used in


finding hidden patterns or learning are clustering similar recommendation systems for
intrinsic structures in input data customer groups, anomaly recommending products, in
without labeled responses. It detection in network traffic, and social network analysis for
aims to explore the data and find dimensionality reduction for community detection, and in
meaningful insights. visualization. genetics for clustering gene
expressions.
Reinforcement Learning

Introduction Importance Examples


Reinforcement learning is Reinforcement learning is Examples include training
about decision making over significant in training robots to perform tasks,
time to maximize a reward. It autonomous vehicles, teaching virtual agents to
learns through trial and error optimizing resource navigate environments, and
by interacting with an management in energy optimizing ad performance in
environment and receiving systems, and playing games like online advertising.
feedback in the form of chess or Go at a high level.
rewards.
Differences Between Learning
Types
Learning Type Data Requirement Goal Feedback

Supervised Learning Labeled Data Predict Output Correct Output Given

Unsupervised Learning Unlabeled Data Discover Patterns No Correct Output Given

Reinforcement Learning Rewards & Punishments Maximize Reward Delayed and Sparse Feedback
Real-World Applications

40% 30% 30%

Healthcare - Supervised E-commerce - Industrial Automation -


Learning Unsupervised Learning Reinforcement Learning
Supervised learning is extensively Unsupervised learning techniques Reinforcement learning is
used in healthcare for diagnosing help e-commerce platforms revolutionizing industrial
diseases, predicting patient understand user behavior, automation by optimizing
outcomes, and personalizing recommend products, and detect production processes, predicting
treatment plans. fraudulent activities. maintenance needs, and
improving energy efficiency.
13

Challenges of Machine
Learning
Overfitting Interpretability
Overfitting occurs when a Interpretability is crucial
model is overly complex for understanding how
and learns noise from the machine learning
training data rather than models make decisions,
the underlying patterns, especially in sensitive
leading to poor domains like healthcare
generalization. or finance.

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14

Testing and Validating in


Machine Learning
Testing Models Validating Techniques Hyperparameter Tuning
Testing is essential for Validation methods like cross- Adjusting hyperparameters
evaluating the performance validation, holdout validation, through techniques like grid
of machine learning models and bootstrap methods help search or random search
on unseen data to ensure assess the model's optimizes model
they generalize well and performance and prevent performance and
make accurate predictions. overfitting. generalization capabilities.

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Conclusion
• Machine Learning is a powerful tool
revolutionizing industries with
applications in diverse fields.
Understanding its types, challenges,
and the importance of testing is
essential for successful
implementation.
• We explored the core concepts of
supervised, unsupervised, and
reinforcement learning. Each
learning type has unique algorithms,
applications, and significance in
different domains.
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