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Hydrology Lecture 1

The document provides an introduction to hydrology, detailing the hydrologic cycle, its phases, and the differences between hydrology and hydraulics. It emphasizes the importance of hydrology in addressing water-related issues and outlines the process of delineating drainage areas in Philippine watersheds. Additionally, it discusses the methodologies for watershed delineation, including manual techniques and the use of software like ArcGIS.

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12 views19 pages

Hydrology Lecture 1

The document provides an introduction to hydrology, detailing the hydrologic cycle, its phases, and the differences between hydrology and hydraulics. It emphasizes the importance of hydrology in addressing water-related issues and outlines the process of delineating drainage areas in Philippine watersheds. Additionally, it discusses the methodologies for watershed delineation, including manual techniques and the use of software like ArcGIS.

Uploaded by

renbanac5
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CVE 113: HYDROLOGY

CLASS INTRODUCTION
August 15, 2022
Content 01 Hydrology and Hydrologic Cycle

➢ Difference between Hydrology and Hydraulics.


➢ The Hydrologic Cycle and the Human Impact.
➢ Interrelationships of Phases of the Hydrologic
Cycle: Evapotranspiration, Precipitation,
Infiltration/Percolation, Surface/Subsurface
Runoff.
➢ Philippine Watersheds: Delineation of Drainage
Area, Sub-Basing/Physical Properties
Determination (Application in the Term Project).
Hydrology
“hydor" (water) “logos" (study)

Generally, hydrology is the study of water, and


to water in connection to geography and
geology.
is a branch of scientific and engineering discipline
that deals with the occurrence, distribution,
movement, and properties of the waters of the
earth (Han, 2010).
A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist.
Hydrologists apply scientific knowledge and
mathematical principles to solve water-related
https://www.worldatlas.com/the-water-cycle.html
problems in society: problems of quantity and
quality, and availability (USGS).
-environmental protection: preventing or
-finding water supplies for cities or irrigated cleaning up pollution or locating sites for safe
farms disposal of hazardous wastes.
-controlling river flooding or soil erosion.
Hydraulics
“hydor" (water) “aulos" (pipe)
o Hydraulics is a branch of scientific and engineering
discipline that deals with the mechanical properties
of fluids, mainly water. It is widely applied in water
resources, harbour and port, bridge, building,
environment, hydropower, pumps, turbines, etc.(Han,
2008)

o Is the branch of science and technology concerned


with the conveyance of liquids through pipes and
channels, and other hydraulic structures, especially
as a source of mechanical force or control.
Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle)

• describes the continuous process by


which water is transported from ocean
to the atmosphere to the land and back
to the sea (Lewis, 1996).

• The driving force for the global water


transport system is provided by the
sun. The sun radiates solar energy
required for evaporation.
Hydrological Cycle …continuation Evaporation and transpiration: The transformation of water from
liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into
the overlying atmosphere. The source of energy for evaporation is
primarily solar radiation. Evaporation often implicitly includes
transpiration from plants, though together they are specifically referred
to as evapotranspiration.

Precipitation: Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth surface.


Most precipitation occurs as rain, but also includes snow, hail, fog drip,
sleet, etc.

Runoff: The variety of ways by which water moves across the land.
This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff. As it flows, the
water may infiltrate into the ground, evaporate into the air, become
stored in lakes or reservoirs, or be extracted for agricultural or other
human uses.
Infiltration: The flow of water from the ground surface into the
ground. Once infiltrated, the water becomes soil moisture or
groundwater.

Subsurface Flow: The flow of water underground, in the vadose zone and aquifers. Subsurface water may
return to the surface (e.g. as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans. Water returns
to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated, under the force of gravity or gravity induced
pressures. Groundwater tends to move slowly, and is replenished slowly, so it can
remain in aquifers for thousands of years.
Philippine Watershed:
Delineation of Drainage Area,
Sub-basing/Physical
Determination
A river basin has clearly
delineated hydrologic boundary
Watershed (River Basin) and a common drainage outlet

Is topographically delineated area of


that drains water, sediment and
dissolved material to a common
outlet at some point along the
river or stream channel and
discharges into larger bodies of
water such as dams/reservoir and
seas.

(Warda Panondi)
(Panondi & Izumi, 2021)
18 Major River Basin in the Philippines

DENR: River Basin Control Office


DENR: River Basin Control Office
Delineation of Drainage Area

1.Draw a circle at the outlet or downstream


point of the wetland in question (the
wetland is the hatched area shown in
Figure E-4 to the right)

2.Put small "X's" at the high points along


both sides of the watercourse, working
your way upstream towards the
headwaters of the watershed.

https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nh/technical/?cid=nrcs144p2_015680
Delineation of Drainage Area

1.Draw a circle at the outlet or downstream


point of the wetland in question (the
wetland is the hatched area shown in
Figure E-4 to the right)

2.Put small "X's" at the high points along


both sides of the watercourse, working
your way upstream towards the
headwaters of the watershed.
Delineation of Drainage Area

1.Draw a circle at the outlet or downstream


point of the wetland in question (the
wetland is the hatched area shown in
Figure E-4 to the right)

2.Put small "X's" at the high points along


both sides of the watercourse, working
your way upstream towards the
headwaters of the watershed.

https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nh/technical/?cid=nrcs144p2_015680
3.Starting at the circle that was made in step
one, draw a line connecting the "X's" along one
side of the watercourse (Figure E-5, below left).
This line should always cross the contours at
right angles (i.e. it should be perpendicular to
each contour line it crosses).

4.Continue the line until it passes around the


head of the watershed and down the opposite
side of the watercourse. Eventually it will
connect with the circle from which you started.
At this point you have delineated the watershed
of the wetland being evaluated.
Delineation using software
(ArcGIS or ArcSWAT)
Delineation using software (ArcGIS or ArcSWAT)

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM)


is a representation of the bare
ground (bare earth) topographic
surface of the Earth excluding
trees, buildings, and any other
surface objects.

Example of execution: you can watch here,


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aY_j130uaFo

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