Here’s an explanation and examples of each topic you asked for in

simple words:

JavaScript
1. Form Validation
• Validation checks if a form has been correctly filled
before submission.

<form id="myForm">
<input type="text" id="name" placeholder="Name"
required>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

<script>

document.getElementById("myForm").addEventListener("subm
it", function(event) {
let name = document.getElementById("name").value;
if (name === "") {
alert("Name cannot be empty!");
event.preventDefault(); // Prevent form submission
}
});
</script>
 2. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
• It allows updating parts of a web page without
reloading the whole page.

const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();

xhr.open("GET", "data.php", true);
xhr.onload = function() {
if (this.status === 200) {
console.log(this.responseText); // Displays response from
server
}
};
xhr.send();

3. Get/Set Element Text/Value

• Get Value:

let inputValue = document.getElementById("name").value;

console.log(inputValue);

• Set Value:

document.getElementById("name").value = "John Doe";

 4. Basic Function and Variable

let name = "John"; // Variable

function greet() { // Function
console.log("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
greet();

PHP
1. Database Connection

$conn = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "my_database");

if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected!";

2. isset()
• Checks if a variable is set and not null.

if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
echo "Form submitted!";
}

3. $_POST and $_GET

• $_POST: Retrieves form data sent via POST method.
• $_GET: Retrieves data sent via URL parameters.

// POST Example
if (isset($_POST['name'])) {
echo "Name: " . $_POST['name'];
}

// GET Example
if (isset($_GET['id'])) {
echo "ID: " . $_GET['id'];
}

4. Upload Documents to Server

if (isset($_FILES['file'])) {
$targetDir = "uploads/";
$targetFile = $targetDir . basename($_FILES["file"]
["name"]);
 if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"],
$targetFile)) {
echo "File uploaded successfully!";
} else {
echo "File upload failed.";
}
}

5. Basic Syntax: If/Else, Function, Loop

// If/Else
$age = 20;
if ($age >= 18) {
echo "You are an adult.";
} else {
echo "You are underage.";
}

// Function
function greet($name) {
return "Hello, $name!";
}
echo greet("John");
// Loop
for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
echo $i . " ";
}

6. Sessions and Cookies

// Session
session_start();
$_SESSION['username'] = "John";
echo "Session set: " . $_SESSION['username'];

// Cookie
setcookie("user", "John", time() + 3600, "/");
echo "Cookie set: " . $_COOKIE['user'];

Database
1. Basic Queries

-- Insert
INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('John',
'[email protected]');

-- Select
SELECT * FROM users;

-- Delete
DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1;

Laravel
1. MVC (Model-View-Controller)
• Model: Interacts with the database.
• View: Displays data to users (HTML).
• Controller: Handles user requests and communicates
with models and views.
2. View
• Stores HTML templates in the resources/views
directory.

// Return a view
return view('welcome');

3. Routes
• Define URL paths and associate them with logic in the
routes/web.php file.

Route::get('/', function () {
return view('welcome');
});
 4. Controller
• Handles requests and returns responses. Controllers
are stored in the app/Http/Controllers directory.

// Generate a controller
php artisan make:controller UserController

// Example function
public function show($id) {
return "User ID: " . $id;
}

5. Sending Data via Controller

public function show() {

$data = ['name' => 'John', 'email' => '[email protected]'];
return view('profile', compact('data'));
}

Let me know if you need further details!

Here’s the explanation and code for each topic:
1. PHP Email Validation

You can validate an email using PHP’s built-in filter_var()

function.

<?php
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
$email = $_POST['email'];
if (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
echo "Valid email: $email";
} else {
echo "Invalid email address.";
}
}
?>
<form method="post">
<input type="text" name="email" placeholder="Enter your
email">
<button type="submit" name="submit">Validate</button>
</form>

2. PHP Form Validation

Form validation ensures all required fields are filled out

correctly.
<?php
$nameErr = $emailErr = "";
$name = $email = "";

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
if (empty($_POST["name"])) {
$nameErr = "Name is required";
} else {
$name = $_POST["name"];
}

if (empty($_POST["email"])) {
$emailErr = "Email is required";
} elseif (!filter_var($_POST["email"],
FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
$emailErr = "Invalid email format";
} else {
$email = $_POST["email"];
}
}
?>
<form method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name">
<span><?php echo $nameErr; ?></span><br>
Email: <input type="text" name="email">
 <span><?php echo $emailErr; ?></span><br>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

3. PHP Database Connection in a Form

Below is an example of connecting a form to a MySQL database

and storing user input.

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database = "test";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password,
$database);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
$name = $_POST['name'];
$email = $_POST['email'];
 $sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('$name',
'$email')";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record inserted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $conn->error;
}
}
?>
<form method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
Email: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

4. PHP: Take Two Numbers and Show Their Sum

PHP Code:

<?php
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
$num1 = $_POST['num1'];
$num2 = $_POST['num2'];
$sum = $num1 + $num2;
 echo "Sum: $sum";
}
?>
<form method="post">
Number 1: <input type="number" name="num1"><br>
Number 2: <input type="number" name="num2"><br>
<button type="submit" name="submit">Calculate</button>
</form>

5. JavaScript: Take Two Numbers and Show Their Sum

HTML and JS Code:

<form id="sumForm">
Number 1: <input type="number" id="num1"><br>
Number 2: <input type="number" id="num2"><br>
<button type="button"
onclick="calculateSum()">Calculate</button>
</form>
<p id="result"></p>

<script>
function calculateSum() {
let num1 =
parseFloat(document.getElementById('num1').value);
 let num2 =
parseFloat(document.getElementById('num2').value);
let sum = num1 + num2;
document.getElementById('result').innerText = "Sum: " +
sum;
}
</script>

Let me know if you need further clarification or assistance!