VDOT

Continuous Span
Reinforced Concrete Tee
Beam Bridge
As‐Built Model Only

December, 2011

1
 Virtis V6.2
DETAILED EXAMPLE
CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT
AS‐BUILT MODEL ONLY
Page No.
Cover Sheet 1
Table of Contents 2
Bridge Information 3‐8
Material Properties Input 9‐11
Define Appurtenances 12
Selecting Impact Dynamic Load Allowances/ Factors 13‐15
Superstructure Definitions: AS‐BUILT 16‐69
Selecting Impact Dynamic Load Allowances 19
Load Cases 20‐21
Framing Plan Detail and Structure Typical Section 22‐30
Superstructure Loads 31
Vertical Shear Reinforcement and Bar Mark Definitions 32‐35
Member: G1 36‐51
Applying Dead Loads 37‐38
Defining Supports 39
Creating A Member Alternative: G1 40‐42
Defining Live Load Distribution Factors 43
Defining The Girder Profile 44‐49
Defining Shear Reinforcement Ranges 50‐51
Member: G2 52‐61
Defining Supports 52
Creating A Member Alternative: G2 53‐54
Defining Live Load Distribution Factors 55
Defining The Girder Profile 56‐59
Defining Shear Reinforcement Ranges 60‐61
Linking Members 62‐63
Defining Live Load Distribution Factors 64‐69
Creating A Bridge Alternative 70‐73
Rating the Bridge and Reviewing the Output 74‐89
Completing VDOT LRFR Rating Form 90‐118
Appendix A: Design Plans 119‐124
Appendix B: Barrier Weight Calculation 125‐127
Appendix C: LFD Effective Flange Width 128‐129
Appendix D: VDOT LRFR Rating Form 130‐132
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CREATE A NEW BRIDGE

To create a new
bridge right click on
the folder where you
want to save the
bridge and choose
New → New Bridge.

A new window will

appear. Fill in the
fields as appropriate
under the
Description tab:

Note: The description

box is a good place to
show the plan number
used to analyze the
structure.

Template: Template
bridges serve as
templates to help
develop other bridges.

Bridge Completely Defined: Check the box if the specified bridge is completely defined within
the Virtis/Opis database. Do not check this box if some of the structures making up the bridge
are not in the database.

BridgeWare Association Button: Opens the BridgeWare Association window allowing you to
specify this current bridge as a Virtis, Opis or Virtis/Opis bridge and also to link this current
bridge to a bridge in the Pontis database if Pontis is installed.

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Description
(cont’d) tab:
Fill in fields as
appropriate.

No input required for the Alternatives and Global Reference Point tabs.

Traffic tab:

To find the traffic data

follow the link below:

http://www.virginiadot.
org/info/ct-
TrafficCounts.asp

Left click the most

current year.

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Left click
Jurisdiction
Publications.

Right click the excel

icon for the appropriate
jurisdiction.

Left click Save Target

As… and save the file
to a desired folder on
user’s computer.

Open the excel file and

the user can locate the
proper traffic data for
the structure.

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Truck PCT: The

percentage of
trucks in the
average daily
traffic.

ADT: Average
Daily Traffic

Directional PCT:
Percentage used to
compute traffic in
one direction

Recent ADTT:
Virtis computes this
value based on
above inputs

Left click OK to accept and close.

For all Windows:

OK button: Saves the bridge description in this window and its tabs to memory and closes the
window.

Apply button: Saves the bridge description in this window and its tabs to memory and keeps
the window open.

Cancel button: Closes the window without saving the bridge description in this window and its
tabs to memory.

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NOTE:

1. It is strongly recommended that the user save the bridge data at this time. In addition,
the user should routinely save the bridge data during the input process.

Left click the Save icon and the Bridge Validation window will appear. Left click
Continue Saving to finish the save process.

2. The user can view the Virtis/Opis - Help window for any of the input windows shown in
the example by pressing F1 on the keyboard when a window is open.

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SELECT MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Expand the Materials folder.

Double click Concrete to open the Bridge Materials

– Concrete Window.

Copy from Library Button:

Opens the Library -
Materials – Concrete
window, allowing you to
copy a set of concrete
material properties from the
library to this window.

Left click the

appropriate
concrete
properties and
left click the
OK to accept.

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Left click OK to accept

and close.

Repeat the process for Reinforcing Steel.

Double click Reinforcing Steel to open the Bridge

Materials – Reinforcing Steel Window.

Copy from Library Button:

Opens the Library - Materials –
Reinforcing Steel window,
allowing you to copy a set of
steel reinforcing steel material
properties from the library to this
window.

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Left click the

appropriate
reinforcing steel
properties and
left click the OK
Button to accept.

Type: User can

select whether
the reinforcing
steel is Plain,
Epoxy,
Galvanized, or
Other. For this
example, select
Plain.

Left click OK to
accept and
close.

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DEFINE APPURTENANCES

The user can define parapets, medians, railing, and generic appurtenances. For parapets and
medians, the user enters dimensions and a unit weight and Virtis computes the distributed load
in kip/ft.

For the railing and generic definitions, the user must manually calculate a distributed load.

Expand the Appurtenances folder.

Since the barrier is not a standard parapet shape, it must

be defined as a generic barrier.

Double click Generic to open the Bridge

Appurtenances – Generic window.

Input the following fields:

Name: Concrete Railing and Posts

Description: Concrete Railing and

Posts

Distance from edge to centroid:

This field can be left blank.

Effective wind height: Enter the

overall height of the barrier from
the top of the deck to the top of the
barrier. For this example, enter
42.00 in.

Width: Enter the overall width of the barrier from the edge of deck to the inside face of the
barrier (4 ft + 8 ft + 0.6667 ft + 1.125 ft – 13 ft = 0.7917 ft = 9.50 in).

Barrier Load: User must calculate the barrier load. See Appendix B for the calculation.

Click OK to accept and close.

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SELECT IMPACT / DYNAMIC LOAD ALLOWANCES

Double click Impact / Dynamic Load

Allowance to open.

15.0% and 33.0% are AASHTO LRFD

defaults.

Left click the OK button to accept and

close.

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SELECT FACTORS

Expand the Factors folder.

Double click LRFR to open.

Left click the Copy from

Library… button to open
the library data for LRFR
factors.

Select the appropriate

factors and left click the
OK button to accept.

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Left click the OK

button to accept and
close.

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CREATE SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS

Double click SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS to open.

Select Girder
System
Superstructure
and left click the
OK button to
accept and
close.

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Fill out the following fields:

Name: AS-BUILT

Description: No information required, but user can input additional information or assumptions
if desired.

Deck Type: Concrete

Number of Spans: 3

Number of Girders: Enter the number of beams in the bridge cross section. For this example,
enter 4 beams.

Span Length (ft): Enter the CL BRG to CL pier length for exterior spans and CL pier to CL pier
lengths for interior spans. For this example, enter 50.00 ft for spans 1 and 3 and 69.00 for span
2.

Member Alt. Types: Select R/C since a reinforced concrete tee beam is rated.

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Left click the

Analysis tab:

Factor Override: None selected. Factor Override allows you to override the System Defaults
library factors with a set of factors that have been entered for this bridge only. Factor overrides
will remain when files are imported into future versions of Virtis. Unless factors specific to the
bridge are required, overrides are not recommended as they can prevent updates to System
Defaults in future versions (e.g., legal load SHV factors in the MBE).

Consider structural slab thickness for rating: Check this box if the structural slab thickness
should be used to compute section properties for rating. If this box is not checked, the rating will
use section properties computed from the total deck thickness.

Consider structural slab thickness for design: Check this box if the structural slab thickness
should be used to compute section properties for design. If this box is not checked, the design
will use section properties computed from the total deck thickness.

Consider wearing surface for rating: Check this box if the wearing surface should be included
in the dead load for rating. If this box is not checked, the rating will ignore any wearing surface
input.

Consider wearing surface for design: Check this box if the wearing surface should be
included in the dead load for design. If this box is not checked, the design will ignore any
wearing surface input.

No input required for the Engine tab.

Left click OK to accept and close.

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SELECT IMPACT / DYNAMIC LOAD ALLOWANCES

Double click Impact / Dynamic Load

Allowance to open.

15.0% and 33.0% are AASHTO LRFD

defaults.

Left click the OK button to accept and

close.

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DEFINE LOAD CASES

Double click Load Case Description to open the

Load Case Description window.

Left click Add Default Load Case Descriptions to apply default load cases. The default load
cases include dead load (DC1) acting on non-composite section, dead load (DC2) acting on
long term composite section, dead load (DW) acting on long term composite section and stay-
in-place forms acting on non-composite section. These default load cases can be edited and
modified as desired.

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Left click the OK

button to accept and
close.

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DEFINE FRAMING PLAN DETAIL

Double click Framing Plan Detail to open the

framing plan detail window.

Layout Tab:

Fill out the following fields:

Skew (Degrees): Enter the

AASHTO skew angle for
the bridge per the design
plans (See Appendix A).
For this example, enter
0.000° at all supports.

Note: Enter clockwise

rotation as a positive value.

Girder Spacing Orientation: If the girder spacings are constant along the length of the bridge,
the user should select Perpendicular to Girder (as done in this example). If the girder spacings
vary, Along Support may be selected.

Girder Spacing (ft), Start of Girder: Enter the girder spacing from CL of beam to CL of beam.
Enter 8.00 ft for all bays for this example.

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Left click the

Diaphragms
tab and left
click the New
button.

Girder Bay:
Select Bay 1

Support
Number: For
the selected
girder bay,
select the
number of the
support from
which the
range will be
dimensioned.

Start Distance (ft): For the selected girder bay, enter the distance along the centerline of girder
from the selected support to the left end of the range. For each row, a diaphragm is not placed
at the start distance. A diaphragm is placed at each space within the range, including the end
distance.

Left Girder: Enter the start distance for the left girder in the selected girder bay (looking ahead
station) for the diaphragm definition.

Right Girder: Enter the start distance for the right girder in the selected girder bay (looking
ahead station) for the diaphragm definition.

Diaphragm Spacing (ft): For the selected girder bay, enter the spacing between adjacent
diaphragms within the given diaphragm group. Diaphragm spacings must be equal within a
given group.

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For skewed structures, the location along the left girder will not be the same as the right girder
unless the diaphragms are laid out parallel to the skew.

Number of Spaces: For the selected girder bay and diaphragm group, enter the number of
spaces, beginning at the left diaphragm of the group, that are of equal spacing and that define a
diaphragm location.

If the diaphragm spacing for the left girder is different than the diaphragm spacing for the right
girder, enter 1 for the number of spaces and enter each diaphragm location individually in
separate rows.

Load (kip): Enter the load of an individual diaphragm, which will be distributed to each beam
equally by the program. See calculation below.

For this example, enter the four lines of ranges shown on the previous sheet that define the
diaphragm locations at all supports.

Left click Apply on the Structure Framing Plan Details window.

If the diaphragm locations and loads are identical for other bays, the user can use the Copy
Bay to… function.

For this example, left click the Copy Bay to… button and
the Copy Diaphragm Bay window will open. Select bay 2
and left click Apply. Then, left click Apply on the
Structure Framing Plan Details window.

Repeat this process for bay 3.

Left click OK on the Structure Framing Plan Details window to accept and close.

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The user can compare the entered data to the

design plans by right clicking Framing Plan Detail
and selecting Schematic.

A schematic of the framing plan will appear that can be compared to the framing plan in the
design plans.

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DEFINE STRUCTURE TYPICAL SECTION

Double click Structure Typical Section to open the

Structure Typical Section window.

Deck Tab:

Superstructure
definition
reference line is:
User can select
either within, to
the left of, or to
the right of the
bridge deck. For
this example,
select within since
the reference line
will be placed at
the CL of the deck.

Distance from left edge of deck to superstructure definition reference line: To define the
reference line at the bridge CL divide the deck out-to-out width by two. For this example, enter
13.7917 ft (27.5833 ft / 2).

Distance from left edge of deck to superstructure definition reference line: 13.7917 ft.

Note: Since the bridge deck width does not vary along the length of the bridge, the distance at
the start and end will be equal.

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Left Overhang: Distance from the CL of exterior beam to the edge of deck. For this example,
enter 1.7917 ft.

Computed Right Overhang: This value is computed by Virtis and can be used to verify the
input above.

Deck (Cont’d) Tab:

Deck Concrete: Select the

appropriate concrete
definition.

Total Deck Thickness: 7.5

in.

Deck Crack Control

Parameter: Enter 130.00
kip/in since the top of the
deck slab is directly
exposed to environmental
elements. For surfaces not
directly exposed to the
environment, such as the
bottom of the deck, 170.00
kip/in is to be used.

Sustained Modular Ratio Factor: 2.00 for concrete members.

Deck Exposure Factor: Use 1.000 for a Class 1 exposure condition.

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Generic Tab:

Since there is a barrier on

both sides of the bridge, 2
barriers need to be
entered.

Select New to enter a line.

Duplicate to copy a line
down.

Name: Select Concrete

Railing and Posts from
the drop down menu.

Load Case: DC2

Measure To: Back

Edge of Deck Dist. Measured from: Select the edge of the deck from which the distance is
measured as either left or right, as shown in the sketch for the Deck tab. For this example,
select Left Edge for the 1st input line and Right Edge for the 2nd input line.

Distance at Start: Since the back of the parapet is flush with the edge of deck, enter 0.00 ft. for
both parapets.

Distance at End: Since the back of the parapet is flush with the edge of deck, enter 0.00 ft. for
both parapets.

Front Face Orientation: Select the front

face orientation as either left or right, as
shown in the sketch. For this example, select
Right for the 1st input line and Left for the 2nd
input line.

Parapet, Median, Railing, Sidewalk, and Wearing Surface Tabs: No input for this example.

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Lane Position Tab:

Left click the

Compute… button.

The Compute Lane Positions

window will appear displaying the
values computed by Virtis.

Left click Apply to accept.

Left click OK to accept

and close.

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Note: A schematic of the typical section can be viewed similar to the framing plan by right
clicking the Structure Typical Section and selecting Schematic.

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DEFINE SUPERSTRUCTURE LOADS

Double click Superstructure Loads to open the

Superstructure Loads window.

Uniform Temperature, Gradient Temperature, and Wind Tabs: No input required.

DL Distribution Tab:

Stage 1 Dead Load Distribution: Select By tributary areas to distribute DC1 loads based on
girder spacing.

Stage 2 Dead Load Distribution: Select Uniformly to all girders to distribute the DC2 loads
evenly to all girders. With 4 girders lines in this example, each girder will carry one-fourth of
each barrier and is consistent with VDOT practice.

Left click OK to accept and close.

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SPECIFY VERTICAL SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DEFINITIONS

Left click Shear Reinforcement Definitions to expand

the folder and double click Vertical.

Fill out the fields as

appropriate based on
the information in the
plans (See Appendix A
for the design plans).

Name: S

Material: Select the

appropriate material
from the drop down
menu.

Bar Size: 9

Number of Legs: 0.50, since 0.5” square bar was used. ( 2 legs * 0.25 in2 = 0.50 in2. Compare
with using No. 9 bar. 0.50 legs * 1.00 in2 = 0.50 in2).

Inclination (alpha): 90.0°

Left click OK to accept and close.

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SPECIFY BAR MARK DEFINITIONS

Double click Bar Mark Definitions.

Fill out the fields as

appropriate based on the
information in the plans
(See Appendix A for the
design plans).

Name: B

Material: Select the

appropriate material from
the drop down menu.

Bar Size: 9

Bar Type: Select the Straight bar type even if the bar has hooks at the end or is a bent bar.
The user will be able to define the bar as fully developed later to model hooks at the start and
end of the bar.

“A” Dimension: Use the CL-to-CL of bearing dimension for the bridge if the bar is effective for
the full span length. For a bent bar, enter the middle straight length. Enter 19.00 ft.

Left click OK to accept and close.

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Since the bridge has continuous spans, longitudinal reinforcement is required in the bottom and
top of the beam which results in a number of unique bar mark definitions. See the summary
table for a complete list of bar mark definitions and their input.

Note: For 1” square bars, No. 9 bars were used.

Likewise, No. 10 bars were used for 1 ¹/₈” square
bars.

Enter each definition found in the Bar Mark Definition Summary above. Double click on the
Bar Mark Definitions folder each time a new definition is started and click OK to accept and
close once the input is complete for each.

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When all the bar mark definitions have been entered, the file should have the following bars
defined.

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CREATING A MEMBER: G1

Virtis will automatically generate the

appropriate members based on the
number of girders entered in the
Superstructure Definition window.

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APPLYING MEMBER LOADS

User defined dead loads can be applied to each

member.

Expand member G1 and Double click Member

Loads.

Uniform Tab:

Left click the dropdown menu

and left click the desired dead
load case. For this example,
select DC1.

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Left click the New button and

enter the appropriate uniform
load. For this example, enter
0.019 kip/ft to account for the
architectural blister on the
exterior beams. See the hand
calculation below.

Left click OK to accept and

close.

The uniform load for the architectural blister is not entered for G4 at this time because G4 will be
linked to G1 later in this example.

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DEFINING SUPPORTS

Double click Supports.

General Tab:

Select a Roller support

type for supports 1, 2,
and 4 since they are
expansion supports.

Select a Pinned
support type for support
3 since it is a fixed
support.

No input is required for

the Elastic tab.

Left click OK to accept and close.

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CREATING A MEMBER ALTERNATIVE: G1

Double click MEMBER ALTERNATIVES to

further define the member.

Select Reinforced Concrete from the left drop

down menu.

Select Reinforced Concrete Tee from the right

drop down menu.

Left Click OK to accept.

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Member Alternative: G1

Description Tab:

Girder Property Input

Method: User can select either
Schedule Based or Cross-
section Based.

The Schedule Based method

views the beam as an
elevation with Bar Mark
Definitions.

The cross section based

method views the beam as a
series of cross sections with
particular dimensions and
rebar counts. For this example,
select Schedule Based.

Additional Self Load: User can apply an additional load to the specific beam as a defined
distributed load or as a distributed load calculated based on a percentage of the self-load of the
beam. These fields are often used for items such as bolts and splice plates. Leave these fields
blank for this example.

End Bearing Locations: This input is not used for a reinforced concrete tee beam and should
be left blank.

Crack control parameter (Z): 170.00 kip/in since the bottom of the deck slab is not directly
exposed to the environment.

Exposure Factor: 1.000 for a Class 1 exposure condition.

Default Rating Method: LRFR

Analysis Module:

ASD: Not used for rating. Use default.

LFD: Virtis LFD

LRFD: Not used for rating. Use default.

LRFR: Virtis LRFR

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No changes to the following tabs:

Factors

Engine

Import

Control Options Tab:

Select the options shown in the screen shot below.

Left click OK to accept and close.

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DEFINE LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTORS

Expand the MEMBER

ALTERNATIVE for G1.

G1 LRFR live load

distribution factors cannot
be computed from the
typical section until the
entire cross-section is
defined. Continue with the
other input for G1.

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DEFINE THE GIRDER PROFILE

Double click Girder Profile.

Section Tab:

Tributary Width:
The physical width
of the deck
between the
girders which is
the Overhang +
0.5 * Girder
Spacing. For G1,
21.5 in + 96 in / 2
= 69.5 in.

Total Deck
Thickness: 7.50
in.

Web Thickness at Top Flange: 16.00 in.

Web Thickness at Bottom of Beam: 16.00 in.

Chamfer Dimension, A: 7.5 in. (Average of vertical and horizontal chamfer dimensions).

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Top Flange:

Material: Select the appropriate material from the drop down menu.

Modular Ratio: 9.2 (See calculation below)

Eff. Width (Std): The effective flange width for LFD. For this example, enter 69.50 in. See
Appendix C for sample calculation.

Eff. Width (LRFD): The effective flange width for LRFR. For this example, enter 69.50 in.
This value will equal the tributary width per AASHTO 2007 with 2008 Interims, LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications, 4th Edition, section 4.6.2.6.

Struct. Thick.: Typically, 0.50 in. is removed from the actual thickness of the top flange.
Therefore, enter 7.00 in. for this example.

Other Parts: (Other than the top flange)

Material: Select the appropriate material from the drop down menu.

Modular Ratio: 9.2 (See calculation below)

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Web Tab:

Left click New to add rows. Enter rows as shown below.

Begin Depth: The distance from the top of the deck slab to the bottom of the beam at the start
of the range.

Depth Vary: User can select the Girder web depth to be constant, have a linear variation or a
parabolic concave variation.

End Depth: Only available if Linear or Parabolic Concave is selected for Depth Vary.
Otherwise, this value will equal the Begin Depth.

Support Number: Select the number of the support from which the range will be dimensioned.

Start Distance: The start distance for the web range.

Length: The length of the web range.

End Distance: The end distance for the web range. This value is calculated by Virtis.

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Reinforcement Tab:

Left click New to define a reinforcement set.

Bar Mark: Select the appropriate bar mark from the drop down menu.

Invert: This option is used to change the orientation of a bent bar. However, since only straight bars
are used, this box can be left unchecked.

Measured from: The user can select to measure either from the bottom or top of the girder to the
reinforcement set CL.

Distance (in): Distance from either the top or bottom of the girder to the reinforcement set CL.

Std Number: The number of rebar used for LFD calculations. This input should match the number of
bars shown on the design plan for the given cross-section or effective slab width.

LRFD Number: The number of rebar used for LRFR calculations. This input should match the
number of bars shown on the design plan for the given cross-section or effective slab width.

Bar Spacing (in): Distance from CL of rebar to CL of rebar in the reinforcement set.

Side Cover (in): Distance from the CL of rebar to the side edge of the girder.

Support Number: Select the number of the support from which the range will be dimensioned.

Direction: Select whether the start distance is located to the left or right of the selected support
number.

Start Distance (ft): Enter the distance from the left end of the range to the selected support.

Straight Length (ft): The value is entered by Virtis based on the bar mark definitions previously
defined.

End Distance (ft): The value is calculated by Virtis.

Fully Developed: This field should be checked if the bar mark used has hooks or is a bent bar, and
has been modeled as straight. Otherwise, it should be left unchecked.

Enter the fields as shown on the next page and left click OK.

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The user can compare the entered data to the

design plans by right clicking Girder Profile and
selecting Schematic.

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DEFINE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT RANGES

Double click Shear Reinforcement Ranges.

Left click New to define a shear reinforcement set.

Name: Select the appropriate shear reinforcement definition from the drop down menu.

Support Number: Select the number of the support from which the range will be dimensioned.

Start Distance (ft): Enter the distance from the selected support to the left end of the range.
The selected shear reinforcement for this range is not located at the start distance. However, it
is located at all other locations within the range, including the end distance.

For example, if the user defines a reinforcement range starting at 0.00 ft from support 1 with 3
spaces at 4 inches. The first vertical shear bar will be located at 0.33 ft from support 1, not at
0.00 ft.

Number of Spaces: Enter the number of spaces, beginning at the start distance, that are of
equal spacing and that define the location of the selected shear reinforcement.

Spacing (in): Enter the spacing between adjacent shear reinforcement within the given range.
Spacings must be equal within a given range.

Length (ft): This value is calculated by Virtis. It is the total length of the shear reinforcement
range.

End Distance (ft): This value is calculated by Virtis. It is the end distance of the shear
reinforcement range.

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Enter the fields as shown and left click OK to accept and close.

***INPUT FOR MEMBER G1 IS COMPLETE. PROCEED TO G2

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MEMBER G2

Member loads are not required for G2.

DEFINING SUPPORTS

Double click Supports.

General Tab:

Select a Roller support

type for supports 1, 2,
and 4 since they are
expansion supports.

Select a Pinned
support type for support
3 since it is a fixed
support.

No input is required for

the Elastic tab.

Left click OK to accept

and close.

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CREATING A MEMBER ALTERNATIVE: G2

Right click MEMBER ALTERNATIVE G1 and

select Copy.

Right click the MEMBER ALTERNATIVE folder

for G2 and select Paste.

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Double Click Copy of G1 (E) (C).

Change the Member Alterative

name to G2.

No other changes are required.

Left click OK to accept and

close.

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DEFINE LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTORS

Expand the MEMBER ALTERNATIVE

for G2.

G2 LRFR live load distribution factors

cannot be computed from the typical
section until the entire cross-section is
defined. Continue with the other input
for G2.

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DEFINE THE GIRDER PROFILE

Double click Girder Profile to update the

information currently in the following tabs.

Section Tab:

Tributary Width: The

physical width of the
deck between the
girders. For this
example, use the
beam spacing of
96.00 in.

Total Deck
Thickness: 7.50 in.

Web Thickness at
Top Flange: 16.00 in.

Web Thickness at Bottom of Beam: 16.00 in.

Chamfer Dimension, A: 7.5 in. (Average of vertical and horizontal chamfer dimensions).

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Top Flange:

Material: Select the appropriate material from the drop down menu.

Modular Ratio: 9.2 (See calculation below)

Eff. Width (Std): The effective flange width for LFD. For this example, enter 96.00 in. See
Appendix C for sample calculation.

Eff. Width (LRFD): The effective flange width for LRFR. For this example, enter 96.00 in.
This value will equal the tributary width per AASHTO 2007 with 2008 Interims, LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications, 4th Edition, section 4.6.2.6.

Struct. Thick.: Typically, 0.50 in. is removed from the actual thickness of the top flange.
Therefore, enter 7.00 in. for this example.

Other Parts: (Other than the top flange)

Material: Select the appropriate material from the drop down menu.

Modular Ratio: 9.2 (See calculation below)

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Web Tab:

Update the Begin and End Depths as shown.

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Reinforcement Tab:

Update the reinforcement sets as shown below.

Left click OK to accept and close.

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DEFINE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT RANGES

Double click Shear

Reinforcement Ranges.

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The shear
reinforcement
ranges for G2
are identical to
G1. Therefore,
left click OK to
accept and
close.

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Once MEMBER G2 is complete, other MEMBERS can be linked with G1 and G2 since the
beams are identical and the girder spacing and overhangs are equal.

LINK MEMBERS

When a bridge has members that are identical, the user can specify a link to members that have
already been entered to save both input and analysis time. Once a member is linked to a
previously defined member, no other input is required.

For the example, the interior beams are identical to

each other and both exterior beams are identical to
each other.

Double click member G3.

Select G2 from the Link

with: drop down menu.

Left click OK to accept

and close.

Use this process for

member G4. Link G4
with G1.

Click Continue each

time the warning
message appears.

Note: Engineering judgment should always be used to determine if linking girders is appropriate
for a particular bridge.

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The screen shot to the left demonstrates

how Virtis displays linked members.

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DEFINE LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTORS

Expand the MEMBER ALTERNATIVE for

G1.

Double click Live Load Distribution.

Standard Tab:

Distribution
Factor Input
Method: Use
Simplified
Method.

Left click
Compute from
Typical
Section.

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LRFD Tab:

Left click
Compute from
Typical
Section.

The LRFD Distribution Factor

Progress window will appear.

Left click OK to close the

LRFD Distribution Factor
Progress window once the
analysis is complete.

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This will compute

live load
distribution
factors for
deflection,
moment, and
shear.

The screen shots for moment and shear are as follows:

Left click OK to accept and close.

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Expand the MEMBER ALTERNATIVE for

G2.

Double click Live Load Distribution.

Standard Tab:

Distribution
Factor Input
Method: Use
Simplified
Method.

Left click
Compute from
Typical Section.

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LRFD Tab:

Left click
Compute from
Typical
Section.

The LRFD Distribution Factor

Progress window will appear.

Left click OK to close the

LRFD Distribution Factor
Progress window once the
analysis is complete.

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This will compute

live load
distribution
factors for
deflection,
moment, and
shear.

The screen shots for moment and shear are as follows:

Left click OK to accept and close.

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CREATE A BRIDGE ALTERNATIVE

A bridge can have several unique bridge alternatives. Each bridge alternative must include the
entire bridge but can consist of a different layout of superstructures. The number of spans, the
span lengths, and the pier locations are defined within the bridge alternative (and its
accompanying windows). Entering different bridge alternatives can be useful when comparing
various alternatives for a preliminary study.

BRIDGE ALTERNATIVES permit the user to determine which spans to include in an analysis.
For a three span structure with identical exterior spans, the user can decide to only include AS-
BUILT Spans 1 and 3 in the analysis and exclude AS-BUILT Span 2. The rating summary will
then only have results from Spans 1 and 3 rather than comparing Spans 1 and 3 to Span 2.
Typically however, every span entered will be included in a BRIDGE ALTERNATIVE.

Double click BRIDGE ALTERNATIVES.

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Alternative Name:
AS-BUILT

Left click OK to
accept and close.

Expand BRIDGE ALTERNATIVES and

AS-BUILT folders.

Double click SUPERSTRUCTURES.

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Superstructure
Name: AS-BUILT

Left click OK to
accept and close.

Expand SUPERSTRUCTURES
and AS-BUILT folders.

Double click
SUPERSTRUCTURE
ALTERNATIVES.

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Alternative
Name: AS-BUILT

Superstructure
Definition:
Select AS-BUILT
from the drop
down menu.

Left click OK to
accept and close.

***THE INPUT FOR THE BRIDGE IS NOW COMPLETE. MAKE SURE THE FILE IS SAVED
PRIOR TO ANALYSIS.

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ANALYSIS

The file is now ready to be analyzed. The user can

either analyze individual members with the file open
or analyze the entire bridge with the file closed.

To analyze a single member, highlight an individual

member and left click the View Analysis Settings
icon.

Either select Open Template from the

database OR create a new template by
following these instructions:

The Analysis Settings window will

appear. On the Rating Method
dropdown menu, change the method to
LRFR.

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Add the vehicles shown in the screen shot to the Vehicle Summary list.

This is done by first left clicking the destination such as Design Load Rating, Legal Load Rating,
and Permit Load Rating in the right column. Then, left click the desired vehicle from the left
column and left click the Add to Rating >> Button.

Once all vehicles for the LRFR Continuous Span (Run 1 of 2) template have been entered, this
can be saved as a Template for future ratings.

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Left click the Save Template button.

Template Name: Continuous Span (Run 1 of 2)

Left Click the Save button.

Left click OK on the Analysis Settings window to accept and close.

NOTE: TO REDUCE THE ANALYSIS TIME AND TO PREVENT ERROR GENERATION

DURING THE ANALYSIS, THE LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS FOR CONTINUOUS SPANS IS
DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE RUNS.

FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS BELOW TO CREATE THE SECOND RUN.

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Add the vehicles shown in the screen shot to the Vehicle Summary list.

This is done by first left clicking the destination such as Design Load Rating, Legal Load Rating,
and Permit Load Rating in the right column. Then, left click the desired vehicle from the left
column and left click the Add to Rating >> Button.

Once all vehicles for the LRFR Continuous Span (Run 2 of 2) template have been entered, left
click the Advanced button above the right column.

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For the Lane-Type

Legal Load, left click
the Legal Pair box.

For the two Blanket

Permit vehicles,
change the
Frequency to
Unlimited
Crossings.

Left click OK to
accept and close.

Once complete, this can be saved as a Template for future ratings. Left click the Save
Template button.

Template Name: Continuous Span (Run 2 of 2)

Left Click the Save button.

Left click OK on the Analysis Settings window to accept and close.

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ANALYZE MEMBER

Once the Analysis Settings have

been set, to analyze a specific
member, right click the desired
MEMBER ALTERNATIVE and
select Analyze.

Note: Left click the View Analysis

Settings icon and open the
“Continuous Span (Run 1 of 2)”
template prior to running the
analysis.

Allow the program to

analyze the beam.

After the analysis is

completed, the user can
read any warnings or
errors by scrolling up the
Analysis Progress
window.

Click OK to proceed to
view results.

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To view the results keep the analyzed

MEMBER ALTERNATIVE selected.

Left click the View Analysis Report icon.

The Analysis Results window will appear. To view a more compact version of the results,
select Single rating level per row under the Display Format Window drop down menu.

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ANALYZE FILE FROM BRIDGE EXPLORER

To analyze the entire file at once, first Save and then

Close the bridge.

In the Bridge Explorer window, select the bridge, right click, and select Rate.

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The Analysis
Settings window
will appear.

Left click the Open

Template button or
create the vehicle
summary by
following the steps
previously
explained.

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Left click Continuous Span (Run 1 of 2) and left click the Open button.

Left click OK to accept the template and rate.

Allow the bridge to run. Once the analysis is completed, the user can read any warnings or
errors by scrolling up on the Analysis Progress window.

Left click OK to view results.

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The Bridge Rating Results window will appear. To view a more compact set of results, select
Single Rating Level per Row.

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FINAL STRUCTURE RATINGS

Continuous Span (Run 1 of 2)

Continuous Span (Run 2 of 2)

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REVIEWING SPECIFICATION CHECKS AND RATING FACTORS

To review the specification checks and to find the rating factors follow these steps:

Once the member of interest has been

analyzed, highlight the Member
Alternative. Left click the View Spec
Check icon.

Expand the Superstructure Component folder. Expand the Stage 3 folder. Expand the G1
folder to display the points of analysis for each span.

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For this example, the controlling member is G1. One of the controlling locations is in Span 3 at
distance 24.00 ft. Scroll down to this location and left click on the associated folder.

Double click 6.4.2.1 Concrete Flexure General Rating Equation – Concrete Flexure from the
“Specification Reference” column. A new window will appear for this specification check.

The information provided for this specification check looks to the adjacent section to the left and
right at this specific location. The ratings for each load and vehicle combination are displayed.

The controlling rating for the section at this specific location is summarized at the bottom for
each type of load (Design inventory, Design Operating, Legal Load, Permit Load).

The rating factor and capacity is displayed in the right columns.

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Screenshots of this window can be seen below:

Continuous
Span (Run
1 of 2)

Continuous
Span (Run
2 of 2)

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COMPLETING VDOT LRFR RATING FORM

Complete the information fields at the top portion of rating form. Information can be obtained
from the current inspection report for the bridge.

The VDOT Reviewer line should be left blank.

The box in the upper right hand corner of the rating form is for the seal and signature of a
professional engineer licensed in the state of Virginia.

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DESIGN LOAD: HL-93 Gross Vehicle Weight

To fill out the rating information for the HL-93 vehicle, first highlight the HL-93 (US) Inventory
and Operating Rating Level rows in the Bridge Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight both the Inventory and Operating
Rating Level rows for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The HL-93 vehicle is the only vehicle without a tonnage since it is a truck load combined
with a lane load. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

Note: For all results, do not round up. Only record 2 significant digits for the rating factor.

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DESIGN LOAD: HS-20

To fill out the rating information for the HS-20 vehicle, first highlight the HS-20 Truck Only
Inventory and Operating Rating Level rows in the Bridge Rating Results window. The HS-20
Lane Load Only and HS-20 Tandem ratings are for informational purposes only and are not
included on the rating form.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight both the Inventory and Operating
Rating Level rows for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

The Member Rating Results window will appear.

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Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

Note: For all tonnages, do not round up. Instead, round down to the nearest ton.

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LEGAL LOAD: VA TYPE 3

To fill out the rating information for the VA-Type 3 vehicle, first highlight the VA Type 3 row in
the Bridge Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

The Member Rating Results window will appear.

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Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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LEGAL LOAD: VA TYPE 3S2

To fill out the rating information for the VA-Type 3S2 vehicle, first highlight the VA Type 3S2 row
in the Bridge Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

The Member Rating Results window will appear.

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Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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LEGAL LOAD: LANE

To fill out the rating information for the Lane-Type Legal Load vehicle, first highlight the Lane-
Type Legal Load row in the Bridge Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G2 has lower ratings than G1, the rating information for G2 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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PERMIT LOAD: BP-90

To fill out the rating information for the BP-90 vehicle, first highlight the Blanket Permit 90 (BP-
90) row in the Bridge Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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PERMIT LOAD: BP-115

To fill out the rating information for the BP-115 vehicle, first highlight the Blanket Permit 115
(BP-115) row in the Bridge Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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SH VEHICLE: NRL

To fill out the rating information for the NRL vehicle, first highlight the Notional Rating Load-
NRL row in the Bridge Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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SH VEHICLE: SU4

To fill out the rating information for the SU4 vehicle, first highlight the SU4 row in the Bridge
Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

SH VEHICLE: SU5

To fill out the rating information for the SU5 vehicle, first highlight the SU5 row in the Bridge
Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

SH VEHICLE: SU6

To fill out the rating information for the SU6 vehicle, first highlight the SU6 row in the Bridge
Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

SH VEHICLE: SU7

To fill out the rating information for the SU7 vehicle, first highlight the SU7 row in the Bridge
Rating Results window.

Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results button.

The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Highlight the row for AS-BUILT.

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

The Member Rating Results window will appear.

Since G1 has lower ratings than G2, the rating information for G1 will be recorded on the rating
form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be filled in later.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

COMPLETING THE VDOT RATING FORM: CONTROLLING FORCE

Once the controlling

member(s) is known,
the user can obtain
the controlling force
for each vehicle by
double clicking the
bridge in the Bridge
Explorer window to
open the file.

For this example, G1 is the controlling member for

the majority of the vehicles. Expand the folders to
get to the controlling MEMBER ALTERNATIVE.

Select the Continuous Span (Run 1 of 2)

template and right click G1 (E) (C) and select
Analyze.

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CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

Left click OK on
the Analysis
Progress window
when the analysis
is complete.

Highlight G1 (E) (C) and left click the View

analysis report icon.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

The Analysis Results – G1 window will appear. Select Single rating level per row from the
Display Format drop down menu.

The controlling force can be obtained from the Limit State column. Fill in the rating form as
appropriate for each vehicle.

Follow the same process with the Continuous Span (Run 2 of 2) vehicle template.

See Appendix D for the completed rating form.

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 CONTINUOUS SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE TEE BEAM BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2

COMPLETING THE RATING FORM: ASSUMPTIONS/COMMENTS

The second page of the rating form provides space for assumption and comments. Some
common assumptions and comments are for material strengths, which plan was used, wearing
surface thicknesses, and any deterioration or other changes and assumptions applied to the
structure.

If the current inspection report indicates that there is deterioration, the user will have to create
an IR (inspection report) structure in addition to the AS-BUILT. For continuous span reinforced
concrete tee beam bridges, the typical deterioration that warrants an IR structure is section loss
to the longitudinal or vertical reinforcement.

***RATING FOR THE BRIDGE IS NOW COMPLETE.

VERSION 6.2 118

APPENDIX A: DESIGN PLANS

119
120
121
122
123
124
APPENDIX B: BARRIER WEIGHT
CALCULATION

125
Concrete Rail and Post Load

Note: Shaded areas denote railing.

Non-shaded areas denote post.

conc = 150 pcf

Length of Bridge = 169.00 ft
No.of Posts at Pier = 2 posts
No.of Int. Posts = 14 posts

Rail
Shape Base Height Weight
---------- in in lb/ft
1 8.00 10.00 83.33
2 5.00 6.00 31.25
3 22.00 5.25 120.31
4 8.75 2.00 18.23

Post at Pier
Shape Base Height Width Weight Weight
---------- in in in lb/ft lb
5 9.00 2.00 18 18.75 28.13
6 3.00 10.00 18 31.25 46.88
7 12.00 14.00 18 175.00 262.50
8 8.00 10.25 18 85.42 128.13
9 23.00 5.13 26 122.79 266.04
10 8.75 3.13 26 28.48 61.71
11 23.00 15.88 26 380.34 824.07
12 13.50 8.50 26 119.53 258.98
13 23.00 14.88 15 356.38 445.48
14 13.50 14.88 15 209.18 261.47
15 4.38 45.50 24 207.36 414.71

126
VERSION 6.2
 Intermediate Post
Shape Base Height Width Weight Weight
---------- in in in lb/ft lb
5 9.00 2.00 12 18.75 18.75
6 3.00 10.00 12 31.25 31.25
7 12.00 14.00 12 175.00 175.00
8 8.00 10.25 12 85.42 85.42
9 23.00 5.13 15 122.79 153.48
10 8.75 3.13 15 28.48 35.60
11 24.50 11.38 15 290.30 362.87
12 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00
13 27.50 14.88 10 426.11 355.09
14 10.00 14.88 10 154.95 129.12
15 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

Summary

Weight of Rail as Distributed Load = 253.13 lb/ft

Weight of Posts at Pier as Distributed Load = 35.48 lb/ft
Weight of Intermediate Posts as Distributed Load = + 111.55 lb/ft

Weight of Rail and Post as Distributed Load = 0.400 kip/ft

127
VERSION 6.2
APPENDIX C: LFD EFFECTIVE FLANGE
WIDTH

128
LFD Effective Flange Width (AASHTO 8.10)

Span 1 & 3 Span 2

GIRDERS G1 G2 G1 G2
EFFECTIVE SPAN LENGTH, SEFF 50.00 50.00 69.00 69.00 FT
EFFECTIVE SLAB THICKNESS, TEFF 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 IN
WEB THICKNESS, TWEB 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 IN
AVG BEAM SPACING 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 FT
WOVERHANG 1.79 1.79 FT

INTERIOR BEAM EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH; THE LEAST OF:

1/4 ( SEFF) = 150.00 207.00 IN

12 (TEFF) + MAX TWEB = 100.00 100.00 IN
AVG BEAM SPACING = 96.00 96.00 IN

BINTEFF = 96.00 96.00 IN

EXTERIOR BEAM EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH; THE LEAST OF:

1/4 ( SEFF) = 150.00 207.00 IN

12 (TEFF) + MAX TWEB = 100.00 100.00 IN
WOVERHANG + AVG BM SPACING/2 = 69.50 69.50 IN

BEXTEFF = 69.50 69.50 IN

129
VERSION 6.2
APPENDIX D: LRFR RATING FORM

130
 LOAD RATING SUMMARY FORM FOR STRUCTURES

Rte.: 00055, John Marshall Highway

Over: Cedar Creek

Va. Str. No.: 1996

Fed. ID: 08108

County: Frederick
District: Staunton

Rated By: ABC Date: 10/15/11

Checked By: DEF Date: 10/19/11 Signature: ____________________
Name: ______________ Date:______
VDOT Reviewer: ____________

Calculation Tools/Method Used: Virtis 6.2 – Virtis LRFR Engine

Basis for Rating: Conversion to LRFR
GVW RATING CONTROLLING CONTROLLING CONTROLLING
(TONS) MEMBERS LOCATION (FT) FORCE
DESIGN LOAD FACTOR
***HL-93 (INV) N/A 0.49**** G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
***HL-93 (OPR) N/A 0.64**** G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
TONS
HS-20 (INV) 36 23**** G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
HS-20 (OPR) 36 30**** G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
LEGAL LOADS TONS **
VA Type 3 27 30 G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
VA Type 3S2 40 43 G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
*, ***LANE 40 67 G2 119.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
PERMIT LOAD TONS
BP-90 45 37**** G1 143.00 STR-II Concrete Flexure
BP-115 57.5 57**** G1 20.00 STR-II Concrete Flexure
SH VEHICLES TONS **
NRL 40 28**** G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
SU4 27 26**** G1 84.50 STR-I Concrete Flexure
SU5 31 28**** G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
SU6 34.75 28**** G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
SU7 38.75 28**** G1 143.00 STR-I Concrete Flexure
* Not applicable for single spans less than and equal to 200 feet.
** FOR LFR or ASD: Denote if it is a mid range or operating level for posting and provide the safe posting load.
*** Not applicable for LF/AS rating methods.
**** Denotes does not meet the rating requirements.

131

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 LOAD RATING SUMMARY FORM FOR STRUCTURES

INSPECTION REPORT USED FOR THIS RATING: 0341996-000000000008108 06/01/2010

ASSUMPTIONS/COMMENTS BY LOAD RATING ENGINEER:

Bridge No. 08108 – Three Span Continuous Reinforced Concrete Tee-Beam Bridge

1. Plan 079-18 was used for the rating.

2. Sacrificial wearing surface = 0.50 in.

3. Based on year built 1942 and using the information contained in the VDOT BARS Custom
Data:
a. Reinforcing steel yield point = 33 ksi.
b. Concrete compressive strength of 3.0 ksi.

Latest version of this form is SB502 and is available on the VDOT Structure and Bridge web site under “Useful Information.”

132

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