CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Course title Application Of Information and

Communication Technology
Course code FSHU3053-S23-BS-FT-F20-CF6
Submitted to Ma’am Mahjabeen
Submitted by Misbah Islam 431
Falaq Bilal 447
Ajia Malik 461
Date of submission 12-02-2024
Major BS Computer Science
Semester 01

Department of Computer Science

Govt. Post Graduate College for
Women, Samanabad

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 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER

Computers can be classified in various ways based on different criteria such as their size,
purpose, architecture, and operation. Here are some common classifications:

1. Based on Size:

 Supercomputers:

Supercomputers are extremely powerful and high-

performance computing machines designed to handle
complex and computationally intensive tasks that go
beyond the capabilities of conventional computers.

 Mainframe Computers:

Mainframe computers are large, powerful, and centralized

computing systems designed for handling extensive data
processing tasks and supporting numerous simultaneous
users. They are known for their reliability, scalability, and
robust performance. Mainframes are often used in large-
scale enterprise environments for tasks such as transaction
processing, database management, and complex calculations.

 Minicomputers:

Mini computers, also known as midrange computers, are

smaller and less powerful than mainframes but more capable
than personal computers. They offer moderate computing
power and are often used for tasks that require more capacity
than personal computers can provide but do not necessitate the
extensive capabilities of mainframes.

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  Microcomputers/Personal Computers:

Personal or microcomputers are small-scale, individual

computing devices designed for personal use. They typically
include desktops, laptops, and smaller portable devices.
Personal computers are used for a wide range of tasks such as
word processing, internet browsing, entertainment, and general
computing activities.

2. Based on Purpose:

 General-Purpose Computers:

General-purpose computers are versatile devices designed to

perform a wide range of tasks for various applications. These
computers can be used for different purposes based on the
software and applications installed. Examples include
personal computers (desktops, laptops), tablets and smartphones.

 Special-Purpose Computers:

Special-purpose computers refer to computers that are designed and

built for a specific task or set of tasks, rather than being general-
purpose machines that can perform a wide range of applications.
These computers are optimized to excel in a particular function or
application domain, providing efficient and dedicated processing
for specific tasks.

Unlike general-purpose computers, which are designed to handle various types of applications
and tasks, special-purpose computers are tailored to meet the unique requirements of a
particular field or industry.

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Special-purpose computers are designed for specific jobs. For example:

1. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs): Handles graphics in gaming and video editing.

2. Digital Signal Processors (DSPs): Manages real-time processing

for audio and video.

3. Network Routers: Directs data between computer networks.

4. Embedded Systems: Computers inside devices like home

appliances or cars for dedicated functions.

5. Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs): Custom-

built for specific tasks, like Bit coin mining or industrial machinery.

3. Based on Architecture:

 Von Neumann Architecture:

The von Neumann architecture is a design concept

for computers that includes a central processing
unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and a
control unit. In this architecture, instructions and
data are stored in the same memory, and the CPU
fetches and processes them sequentially. It forms the basis for most modern computers.

 Harvard Architecture:

Harvard architecture computers have separate memory

for data and instructions. This means they use distinct
pathways for storing and retrieving data and program
instructions. It contrasts with von Neumann
architecture, where the same memory is used for both
data and instructions.

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  RISC (Set Computer) Architecture:

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architecture computers are designed with a simpler
set of instructions for faster and more efficient processing. They focus on executing a few basic
instructions quickly, making them well-suited for tasks that require high-speed data processing.

 CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) Architecture:

CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) architecture is a type of computer architecture

where the processor executes a large number of complex instructions. In simple terms, CISC
chips can perform a variety of intricate operations with a single instruction. These instructions
can include multi-step operations, allowing for more complex tasks to be carried out in one go.
CISC architectures often have a large set of instructions and are known for their flexibility and
efficiency in handling different types of tasks.

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4. Based on Operations:

 Analog Computers:

An analog computer is a type of computer that represents

and processes data using continuous signals, typically
electrical voltages or currents. It operates on physical
quantities, such as voltage levels, to perform calculations.
Analog computers are well-suited for tasks like
simulations and mathematical modeling where
continuous and real-time data processing is essential.

 Digital Computers:

A digital computer is an electronic device that

processes information using digits (numbers) and
performs tasks based on programmed
instructions. It uses binary code (0s and 1s) to
represent and manipulate data. Digital computers
are versatile and can handle various tasks, from
calculations and data storage to running
applications and games. Common examples include personal computers, laptops, and servers.

 Hybrid Computers:

A hybrid computer is a type of computer that

combines features of both analog and digital
computers. It can process and analyze both continuous
data (analog) and discrete data (digital). Hybrid
computers are often used in scientific and industrial
applications where tasks require both numerical
calculations and real-time processing of physical quantities.

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5. Based on Usage Environment:

 Desktop Computers:

A desktop computer is a personal computer designed to sit

on a desk or table. It typically consists of a monitor, a
central processing unit (CPU), a keyboard, and a mouse.
Desktop computers are used for various tasks such as work,
entertainment, and general computing.

 Laptop Computers:

A laptop computer is a portable and compact personal

computer that can be easily carried and used on-the-go. It
typically includes a screen, keyboard, trackpad or mouse, and
internal components for computing tasks. Laptops are
designed for various applications such as work,
entertainment, and communication, providing a convenient
and mobile computing solution.

 Tablet Computers:

A tablet computer is a portable device with a touchscreen

display that typically lacks a physical keyboard. It is designed
for various tasks such as browsing the internet, watching
videos, playing games, and running applications. Tablets are
compact, lightweight, and easy to carry, making them
convenient for on-the-go use.

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  Server Computers:

A server computer is a powerful computer that

provides services or resources to other computers,
known as clients, in a network. It manages and
responds to requests from clients, such as storing and
delivering files, hosting websites, or running
applications. Servers are designed to be reliable and
are often used in businesses or organizations to
centralize and share resources among multiple users or devices.

 Embedded Computers:

An embedded computer is a specialized computer system integrated into devices or machinery

to perform specific tasks. It is dedicated to
a particular function within the device it is
embedded in, such as controlling
appliances, managing automotive
systems, or overseeing industrial
processes.

These classifications provide a framework for understanding the diverse range of computers
and their applications in various domains.