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Quantum Computing (Research Paper)

This paper provides an overview of quantum computing, highlighting its fundamental concepts such as qubits, superposition, and entanglement, which enable it to outperform classical computers. It discusses quantum algorithms, circuits, and hardware, as well as potential applications in fields like medicine, materials science, and artificial intelligence. The document emphasizes the transformative potential of quantum computing while acknowledging existing challenges in stability and error correction.

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Abhay Chauhan
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16 views3 pages

Quantum Computing (Research Paper)

This paper provides an overview of quantum computing, highlighting its fundamental concepts such as qubits, superposition, and entanglement, which enable it to outperform classical computers. It discusses quantum algorithms, circuits, and hardware, as well as potential applications in fields like medicine, materials science, and artificial intelligence. The document emphasizes the transformative potential of quantum computing while acknowledging existing challenges in stability and error correction.

Uploaded by

Abhay Chauhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title

Quantum Computing

Abstract

This paper introduces quantum computing, a revolutionary field at the


intersection of physics and computer science. It explores fundamental
concepts like qubits, superposition, and entanglement, and explains how
they enable quantum computers to solve problems beyond the capabilities of
classical machines. The paper also discusses quantum algorithms, quantum
circuits, and the hardware driving this technology. Finally, it highlights the
potential applications and implications of quantum computing across
industries such as medicine, materials science, and artificial intelligence.

Introduction

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computational power,


built upon the principles of quantum mechanics—a branch of physics that
governs the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. Unlike
classical computers, which rely on bits to process information, quantum
computers use qubits, enabling them to perform complex calculations at
unprecedented speeds. This paper aims to provide an overview of the
fundamental principles of quantum computing, its current state, and its
transformative potential for various fields.

Work Done

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

 The Weird World of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum mechanics


governs the behavior of particles at the atomic scale, introducing
phenomena such as superposition and entanglement.
 Beyond Common Sense: Unlike classical systems, quantum systems
are probabilistic, enabling unique computational advantages.

Qubits and Quantum States

 Bits vs. Qubits: Traditional bits operate in binary (0 or 1), while qubits
exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition.
 Quantum Superposition: A qubit can represent both 0 and 1
simultaneously, enhancing computational capacity.
 Entanglement: This property links qubits so that the state of one
directly influences another, even at vast distances.

Quantum Algorithms and Circuits

 Quantum Algorithms: Specialized algorithms, such as Shor’s and


Grover’s, leverage quantum mechanics to solve problems like factoring
large numbers and searching unstructured data efficiently.
 Quantum Circuits: These are the frameworks for implementing
quantum operations using qubits and quantum gates.

Quantum Hardware

 Superconducting Qubits: These rely on superconductors cooled to


near absolute zero for stable quantum states.
 Trapped-Ion Qubits: Lasers manipulate ions in vacuum chambers,
offering high coherence times for precise calculations.

Quantum Software and Programming

 Quantum Programming Languages: Languages like Qiskit and Cirq


enable developers to create quantum algorithms.
 Software Development Kits (SDKs): Tools for building quantum
applications, including simulation and testing environments.

Results & Discussion

Quantum computing has demonstrated milestones such as quantum


supremacy, where a quantum processor outperformed classical computers
on a specific task. While practical applications are in their infancy, potential
use cases include:

 Medicine: Accelerating drug discovery by simulating molecular


interactions.
 Materials Science: Designing new materials with optimal properties.
 Artificial Intelligence: Enhancing machine learning through faster
data processing.
Challenges remain, such as qubit stability and error correction. Ongoing
advancements in quantum hardware and algorithms are critical to
overcoming these obstacles.

Conclusion

Quantum computing is poised to redefine computation by solving problems


previously considered intractable. Key breakthroughs in quantum algorithms
and hardware continue to propel the field forward, with potential applications
in cryptography, healthcare, and beyond. As the technology matures,
quantum computing will likely become a cornerstone of technological
progress, unlocking solutions to some of humanity’s most pressing
challenges.

References

1. Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. Quantum Computation and Quantum


Information. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
2. Preskill, J. “Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond.”
Quantum, 2018.
3. Website:-
1. Website: https://quantum.country
2. Website: https://www.ibm.com/quantum
3. Website: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/solutions/quantum-computing/

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