Answer Key for Worksheet 4

Section A: Basic Questions

1. What is the purpose of a Bohr diagram?

○ Answer: A Bohr diagram shows the arrangement of electrons in energy levels
around the nucleus, helping to visualize how atoms bond or react.
2. How many electrons can the first, second, and third energy levels hold in a Bohr
diagram?
○ Answer:
■ First level: 2 electrons
■ Second level: 8 electrons
■ Third level: 18 electrons
3. Fill in the blanks:
○ In a Lewis dot diagram, the dots represent valence electrons.
○ The maximum number of valence electrons that can be shown in a Lewis
diagram is 8.
4. What element has the following electron configuration: 2,8,62, 8, 62,8,6? Write its
Bohr diagram.
○ Answer: The element is sulfur (S).
○ Bohr diagram:
■ 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 6 in the third shell.
5. Why do atoms with a full outer shell of electrons tend to be unreactive?
○ Answer: Atoms with a full outer shell (like noble gases) are stable and do not
need to gain, lose, or share electrons, making them chemically inert.

Section B: Intermediate Questions

1. Draw the Bohr diagram and Lewis dot structure for sodium (Na\text{Na}Na) and
chlorine (Cl\text{Cl}Cl). Explain how they form an ionic bond.
a. Answer:
i. Sodium has 1 valence electron; chlorine has 7. Sodium transfers its
electron to chlorine, forming Na+\text{Na}^+Na+ and Cl−\text{Cl}^-Cl−,
which are held together by electrostatic attraction in an ionic bond.
2. If an atom has 15 protons and 16 neutrons, how many valence electrons does it
have? Draw its Bohr and Lewis diagrams.
a. Answer:
i. The atom is phosphorus (P\text{P}P). It has 15 electrons, with 5 in the
outer shell.
ii. Bohr diagram: 2, 8, 5
iii. Lewis diagram: ⋅⋅P⋅⋅⋅\cdot\cdot \text{P} \cdot \cdot \cdot⋅⋅P⋅⋅⋅
 3. Numerical: An atom has 2 electrons in its first shell and 5 in its second shell. Write
the symbol of the element and draw its Bohr and Lewis diagrams.
a. Answer: The element is nitrogen (N\text{N}N).
i. Bohr diagram: 2, 5
ii. Lewis diagram: ⋅⋅N⋅⋅⋅\cdot \cdot \text{N} \cdot \cdot \cdot⋅⋅N⋅⋅⋅

Section C: Advanced Questions

1. Numerical: An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. Draw its Bohr
diagram and identify whether it’s more likely to lose or gain electrons in a
reaction.
a. Answer:
i. The element is sodium (Na\text{Na}Na).
ii. Bohr diagram: 2, 8, 1
iii. Behavior: It will lose 1 electron to form Na+\text{Na}^+Na+, achieving a
stable configuration.
2. Draw the Bohr diagram for oxygen and carbon. Show how they form a covalent
bond to create carbon dioxide (CO2\text{CO}_2CO2​).
a. Answer:
i. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons; carbon has 4. Carbon shares 2
electrons with each oxygen atom, forming double bonds.
3. Challenge: Sulfur has six valence electrons. Predict its Lewis diagram and explain
how it could bond with two hydrogen atoms to form H2S\text{H}_2\text{S}H2​S.
a. Answer:
i. Lewis diagram:
⋅⋅S⋅⋅⋅⋅\cdot \cdot \text{S} \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot⋅⋅S⋅⋅⋅⋅
Each hydrogen shares an electron with sulfur, forming two single covalent
bonds.
Answer Key for Worksheet 5

Section A: Basic Questions

1. Draw the Lewis and Bohr diagrams for the following elements:
a. Hydrogen:
i. Bohr: 1 electron in the first shell
ii. Lewis: H⋅\text{H} \cdotH⋅
b. Oxygen:
i. Bohr: 2, 6
ii. Lewis: ⋅⋅O⋅⋅⋅\cdot \cdot \text{O} \cdot \cdot \cdot⋅⋅O⋅⋅⋅
c. Nitrogen:
i. Bohr: 2, 5
ii. Lewis: ⋅⋅N⋅⋅⋅\cdot \cdot \text{N} \cdot \cdot \cdot⋅⋅N⋅⋅⋅
2. What do the dots in a Lewis structure indicate about an atom?
a. Answer: They represent the valence electrons of the atom.
3. Numerical: A neutral atom has 10 electrons. Name the element and draw its Bohr
and Lewis diagrams.
a. Answer: The element is neon (Ne\text{Ne}Ne).
i. Bohr diagram: 2, 8
ii. Lewis diagram: ⋅⋅Ne⋅⋅⋅⋅\cdot \cdot \text{Ne} \cdot \cdot \cdot
\cdot⋅⋅Ne⋅⋅⋅⋅

Section B: Intermediate Questions

1. Draw the Bohr diagram and Lewis dot structure for magnesium and oxygen. How
might they form MgO\text{MgO}MgO?
a. Answer:
i. Magnesium transfers 2 electrons to oxygen, forming
Mg2+\text{Mg}^{2+}Mg2+ and O2−\text{O}^{2-}O2−, which bond ionically.
2. An atom has the configuration 2,8,82, 8, 82,8,8. Identify the element and draw both
its Bohr and Lewis diagrams. Explain its reactivity.
a. Answer:
i. The element is argon (Ar\text{Ar}Ar).
ii. Bohr diagram: 2, 8, 8
iii. Lewis diagram: ⋅⋅Ar⋅⋅⋅⋅\cdot \cdot \text{Ar} \cdot \cdot \cdot
\cdot⋅⋅Ar⋅⋅⋅⋅
iv. Reactivity: Argon is inert due to its full outer shell.
3. Numerical: How many covalent bonds can carbon form based on its Lewis dot
structure? Explain with a diagram.
a. Answer: Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, as it has 4 valence electrons.
i. Lewis diagram: ⋅⋅C⋅⋅\cdot \cdot \text{C} \cdot \cdot⋅⋅C⋅⋅
Section C: Advanced Questions

1. Draw the Bohr and Lewis diagrams for the molecule water
(H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}H2​O).
a. Answer: Oxygen shares one electron each with two hydrogens, forming covalent
bonds.
2. Challenge: Nitrogen (N\text{N}N) has five valence electrons. Predict its Lewis dot
structure and then draw it.
a. Answer:
⋅⋅N⋅⋅⋅\cdot \cdot \text{N} \cdot \cdot \cdot⋅⋅N⋅⋅⋅
Nitrogen forms three bonds in most compounds.
3. Compare how ionic and covalent bonds are shown using Bohr and Lewis
diagrams.
a. Answer:
i. Bohr diagrams show electron transfer for ionic bonds and sharing for
covalent bonds.
ii. Lewis diagrams highlight valence electrons, showing dots for sharing
(covalent) or charges (ionic).