2019 International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking (ViTECoN)

V/F Control of Three Phase Induction Motor

Ranju Bharti1, Madhav Kumar2, B.M Prasad3

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
Birla Institute of Technology Mesra
Ranchi, India
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract— Control of induction motor (IM) is more

important because most of the industry used the induction II. THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
motor, and control in the cost of decrease the efficiency and Induction motor is one of the most widely used all over the
performance of the machine. For controlling the induction word, it is one of the best for the industry purpose because of
motor main aim to maintain the efficiency and performance of
the machine. Pi controller is used for describing the V/F control
its simple robust construction, high efficiency and good
of induction motor in this paper. Reduction in the error between power factor. It can be used in different application at
rotor speed and reference speed is done using the PI controller. different speed and load requirement. Electrical motor now a
Using this PI controller, we change in frequency of the voltage days can be found in every production today. Three phase IM
source inverter (VSI) to maintain the V/F ratio is constant. After are one of the most used in daily or industrial purpose. which
we try to do some modification in pi controller and take runs at its essential constant speed from no load to full load.
reference of PI and try to minimize error and improve the Currently, in most practice, AC machines are given
performance and harmonics elimination of the induction motor. preference over DC machines because these machines have
straightforward and rugged construction in absence of
Keywords— Induction motor, V/f control, PI Controller VSI,
hardwired switch. Three phase IM are so simple in
construction, low price, easy to maintains, rugged and have a
I. INTRODUCTION self- starting torque. It has two main parts Stator and Rotor.
The constant V/f control method is variable-speed control of Where stator carries 3-phase winding, while rotor carries
induction motor. Unfortunately, the control scheme is short-circuited winding. Three phase winding is fed to the
implemented at the cost of decrease the efficiency and stator. Fig-2 show the construction diagram of induction
performance of the motor [2]. The slip of IM is also causing motor.
the error in speed. In the V/f control method we always try to
maintain the voltage and the current ratio is constant. To
implement of the V/F control method we used the three-phase
VSI and control the speed of three phase IM. We have varied
the frequency and amplitude of frequency of VSI to maintain
the V/f ratio is constant and archive the motor in reference
speed. Fig-1 Shows block diagram of speed control of IM.

Fig-2. Construction diagram of IM.

III. THREE PHASE VSI

In power electronics inverters, converts DC power to AC
power with desire output voltage and frequency. The block
diagram of three phase VSI is shown in Fig-3.

Fig-1. Block diagram of speed control of IM

In this figure, the control scheme of the motor is given, in this

first step to give the supply of power modulator power
modulator drives the motor and the motor is connected with
some load. One feedback path is coming from in between load
and motor and fed on the control unit. Some external input
command is given to the control unit. Using the control unit,
we try to some change in power modulator for achieving the
desired output.

978-1-5386-9353-7/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

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 Fig-3. Block diagram of three phase VSI B. Closs Loop V/f Method Control
Where driving circuit generates the switch pulse for VSI.
Arduino is used the input pulse for driver circuit. The In the figure-5 shows that the close loop of V/F control
switching pulse is following a specific conduction mode [3]. methods block diagram in this we measure the rotor speed by
using a Speed sensor. I am a taking a reference speed and
IV. V/F CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR compare with measured speed. Difference between measured
Control of synchronous is achieved with the help of speed and reference speed is giving the error signal taken this
variation of the supply frequency. E1 which represents the error is fed to PI controller which is known as Proportional
induced voltage in stator windings varies directly with Integral controller. This proportional Integral controller is
frequency supply and airgap flux. The terminal voltage V helping to varies the inverter frequency. And using this
which varies directly with flux and frequency is obtained frequency we generate the pulse. Which is taken as an input
when the stator voltage drop is neglected. It is thus obvious for the VSI, it does the modification in the terminal voltage
that the airgap flux will increase if the frequency is reduced to maintain the constant V/f ratio. Synchronous speed
without making any changes in supply voltage leading to an obtained by the addition of actual speed and the slip speed
undesired condition. A variation in the terminal voltage in Determines the frequency of the inverter and this
order to maintain the constant V/F ratio is thus observed every
frequency is responsible for the generation of reference signal
time an attempt to control the speed is done by varying the
for the closed loop control. The voltage is also varied along
frequency. In cases of change in speed it is observed that the
torque maximum of the motor become constant when the with frequency to make a constant voltage, frequency ratio,
ration of constant V/F is maintained. The flux produced is in so that the maximum torque and airgap flux remain constant.
proportion to the ratio of the voltage applied and supply
frequency also the motor developed torque is in direct
proportion to the stator produced magnetic field. Throughout
the range of speed, the values of flux and torque can be held
constant with the same ratio of the variation with respect to
voltage and frequency. This function makes the V/f method of
control a most common one among others method of control.
4.44∅
4.44∅
Where k denoted winding constant, T denoted turns number,
f is frequency, ∅ is the flux.
A. Open Loop V/f Method Control
Fig-5. Block diagram of close loop speed control of IM
This method gained high usage in regards to the methods
used for controlling speed. These types of motor are widely V. SIMULATION AND EVALUATION
used in industry because of its simplicity. Some of the
advantages of this type of motor are: Low costs, simplicity in In the fig-6 show that the simulation diagram of close loop
operation and immunity to error of the feedback signal [4]. V/F control of three phase IM. There are three main sub-parts
Most probably induction motor with 50 Hz power supply has of the system. Controller, pulse generator and inverter. In
been used with open loop control for constant speed of controller first we take the reference signal and compare with
applications. In this operation the variables under control are actual signal. Using the PID controller we minimize the error
synchronous speed and stator frequency but somehow the and try to achieve the reference speed. Using the controller,
synchronous speed gets slightly more than the rotor speed as we maintain the V/F ratio is constant. We generate the pule
a result of which control of motor speed is not possible. The using two variable feedback parameters , . For PWM
rated current is thus exceeded largely by the stator current. The pulse we take three sine waves and compare with repeating
variation of the synchronous speed Ns and rotor speed poses sequence [6].
a problem as it hampers in maintaining the speed of slip [5]. U sin U 0°
U sin U 120°
U sin U 0240°

Fig-6. Simulation diagram of close loop V/F control of IM

Fig-4. Block diagram of open loop speed control of IM

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 In this we take the three phases VSI uses six power MOSFET
switch. The input voltage is 230 V DC. VSI is connected with
the three phase IM with some load torque. The output
waveform of rotor speed vs time is given in fig-7 and
electromagnetic torque vs time is given in fig-8. We take the
reference speed of 1260 rpm [8].

Fig-9.a. Hardware design of three phase VSI.

Fig-9.a. shows the hardware design of three phase VSI. In this

we used the six power MOSFET switch. For plus generator
we used the ARDINO base TLP firing circuit. The generated
pulse is shown in fig-9. b. The output waveform of line voltage
and phase voltage is shown in Fig-9.c & Fig-9.d.

Fig-7. Output waveform of rotor speed of IM

Fig-6 show that when load torques are increasing or

decreasing the speed of the IM is trying to maintain the
reference speed.

Fig-9.b. Output switching pulse for VSI

Fig-8. Output waveform of electromagnetic torque of IM

In this fig-7 shows that in 0 to 4sec the torque is 0 N-m, after

4 to 7sec the torque is 5 N-m and after 7sec the output torque Fig-9.c. Output phase voltage of VSI
is 2.5 N-m.

VI. HARDWARE DESIG OF 3-PH VSI

To the controlling and driving of IM, Inverter is the main part
of the system. Because driving or controlling both works is
made with the help of inverter. In this paper, we design the
three phase VSI with 180˚ conduction mode and connected
with the three phase IM for the open loop speed control of IM
[7].
Fig-9.d. Output line voltage of VSI

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 VII. COMPAIRISON minimize the error as less as possible and we see that the rotor
In the speed control of induction motor is more important to speed harmonics is decreasing and performance of motor is
maintain the desired speed with less harmonics in speed. The improving.
Fig-12. Open loop speed control of IM
efficiency of the motor is maintained.
In Fig-12 we show that the open loop speed control of
induction in the Lab. We vary the speed with the help of
change in the supply voltage of induction motor.
VIII. CONCLUSION
The control of IM is done on the cost of decreasing the
efficiency of the motor. In this paper, we do the close loop
V/f control of IM in MATLAB, Simulink using the PI
controller and modified PI controller. In modified PI
controller we used the change in error across P and I
individually and give the 1-2% reference value with if/else
Fig-10. rotor speed of IM with PI controller condition. Using this we do some change in PI value at every
single change in speed. And using this try to minimize the
In the Fig-10 we show that the harmonics in rotor speed harmonics from a speed of motor. Also, we hardware design
waveform without any filtering part. There I used the using the three phase VSI with 180˚ conduction mode. Using this
PID controller for close loop V/F control. The harmonics of we drive the induction motor in open loop and speed is varied
motor id decrees the efficiency and performance of the motor. with the help of change in supply voltage of VSI. Further, we
try to do some more improvement in modified PI controller
and try to more minimize the harmonics from the rotor speed.

REFERENCES

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