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The document outlines the instrumentation scheme for an 800 MW generator, detailing various systems used to monitor and control parameters such as temperature, pressure, voltage, and current. Key components include the excitation system, mechanical monitoring, protective relays, cooling system monitoring, voltage and frequency control, and power and energy measurement. Understanding these systems is crucial for safe and efficient operation of the generator in power plants.

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4 views2 pages

My Col Projrvt

The document outlines the instrumentation scheme for an 800 MW generator, detailing various systems used to monitor and control parameters such as temperature, pressure, voltage, and current. Key components include the excitation system, mechanical monitoring, protective relays, cooling system monitoring, voltage and frequency control, and power and energy measurement. Understanding these systems is crucial for safe and efficient operation of the generator in power plants.

Uploaded by

nagraaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Instrumentation Scheme for an 800 MW Generator (For Polytechnic Students)

An 800 MW generator is a large power generation unit typically used in power plants like
coal, gas, or nuclear plants. These generators produce a lot of electricity, and to ensure
they work safely, efficiently, and reliably, various instrumentation systems are used.
Instrumentation refers to the devices that measure and control different parameters of
the generator, like temperature, pressure, voltage, current, and speed.

Understanding the instrumentation scheme for such a generator is important because it


helps in operating the generator properly, protecting it from damage, and ensuring the
safety of both the equipment and the people working with it.

Here’s an overview of the key instrumentation used in an 800 MW generator and how
they work:

1. Excitation System

The excitation system controls the amount of current supplied to the rotor windings of
the generator. This ensures that the generator produces the correct output voltage and
maintains power quality.

Field Current Transducer: Measures the current supplied to the rotor.

Voltage Regulator: Controls the field current to keep the voltage steady.

Exciter Control Panel: Used by operators to monitor and control the exciter system.

2. Turbine and Generator Mechanical Monitoring

Mechanical parts of the generator, such as the rotor, bearings, and shaft, need to be
monitored to prevent mechanical failure.

Vibration Sensors: Detect any abnormal vibrations in the generator that could indicate
mechanical problems like misalignment or worn-out parts.

Speed Sensors: Measure the rotational speed of the generator’s shaft to ensure it’s
running at the correct speed (typically 3000 RPM for 50 Hz or 3600 RPM for 60 Hz
generators).

Temperature Sensors (RTDs or Thermocouples): Measure the temperature of key parts


like bearings and windings. Overheating can damage components.

Displacement Transducers: Measure the movement or shift of the generator rotor to


detect any unwanted shifts.

4. Protective Relays

Generators must be protected from faults such as short circuits, overcurrents, or


overheating. Protective relays automatically disconnect the generator or trigger alarms if
something goes wrong.

Overcurrent Protection: Protects the generator if the current exceeds safe levels.

Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection: Monitors voltage to prevent damage to the


generator from voltage spikes or drops.

Reverse Power Protection: Ensures that the generator does not operate in reverse, which
could cause damage.

Differential Protection: Detects internal faults in the generator (like short circuits) and
isolates the faulty part.

5. Cooling System Monitoring


Generators produce a lot of heat, so they need to be cooled efficiently. The cooling
system includes water and air systems to maintain safe operating temperatures.

Cooling Water Flow Meters: Monitor the flow of cooling water to ensure the generator
stays at a safe temperature.

Temperature Sensors: Measure the coolant temperature and the temperature of critical
components like the stator windings and rotor.

Pressure Transducers: Measure the pressure of the coolant to ensure it’s circulating
properly.

3. Voltage and Frequency Control

Generators need to produce stable voltage and frequency to match the grid, and this is
carefully monitored.

Voltage Transducers: Measure the voltage at the output terminals of the generator.

Frequency Meters: Check that the generator's frequency matches the grid (usually 50 or
60 Hz).

Synchronizing Equipment: Devices like synchroscopes help operators safely connect the
generator to the electrical grid without causing damage or power fluctuations.

6. Power and Energy Measurement

The power output of the generator is measured and controlled to ensure it meets the
demand.

Power Meters: Measure the amount of active (real) and reactive power the generator is
producing.

Energy Meters: Measure how much total energy is being generated over time (important
for billing and efficiency tracking).

Power Factor Meters: Measure the power factor, which shows how efficiently the
generator is producing power. A low power factor can indicate wasted energy.

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