© 2021 JETIR January 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

IoT Based Smart Grid Systems.

Shraddha.G.Gajbhiye, Gaurav.S.Karlekar
Department of Electrical Engineering, Gondwana University Gadchiroli
Ballarpur Institute of Technology, India
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract:- work has been going on in electric grid modernization, especially

The internet of things is the widely accepted technology substation and distribution automation.
that connects everyday object to the internet for providing ease
and various functionalities and the Smart Grid (SG) is defined as
the power grid integrated with a large network of ICT. The Smart
Grid is the combination of billions of smart appliances, smart 1. How Smart Grid Works.
meter, actuators and sensors etc. First thing these are two types of smart grid.
This paper analyze the various accepted application requirement 1. Traditional Power Grid.
of Internet of Things deployed in Smart Grid and provides 2. Smart Grid.
effective proposal about diverse technology and standards and of Unlike a traditional power grid with one way communication,
Smart Grid (SG) and it also provide an overview about several a smart grid is a complex network that implies multiple two
applications and driving factors of Smart Grid. way interactions between equipment and participants in the
supply chain. The structure enables various scenario of how
Keywords: - Internet of Things (IoT), Requirements, Smart Grid generated power can move and be managed.
(SG), Technologies.
1. Generate.: Switch to the smart grid allows using the power
generated from different and often distributed sources. It
includes traditional power plant, renewable solar and wind as
Introduction well as plug in electric vehicles and energy storage.
Smart Grid is the first thing to appear IoT can play a significant
role in developing Smart Grids which eventually leads to energy 2. Distribute: Using a network of transmission lines, substations
saving. IoT enabled Smart Grids are more about the energy and automated distribution systems, the power is transformed to
efficiency and the management of energy consumption at the the correct voltage range if needed and distributed among the end
lowest cost and it is most important for our industry. users.

1. Definition of “Smart Grid”. 3. Use: End users get broad power managements capabilities and
“A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can cost visibility thanks to smart grid applications such as smart meters,
efficiently Integrated the behavior and actions of all users sensors enabled appliances, smart sockets, plug, etc. Using these
connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do tools consumers become active participants in managing their
both in order to ensure economically efficient, sustainable electricity consumption – use mobile or web apps to monitor and
power system with low losses and high levels of quality and remotely control power usage, configure automated regimes,
security of supply and safety. A Smart employs innovative respond to load changes and control their spending and emission
products and services together with intelligent monitoring, in real time.
control, communication and self- healing technologies in
order to. 4. Control: People, utility companies and other professionals in
1. Better facilitate the connection and operation of generators of the energy industry expand their controls and management
all sizes and technologies. capabilities in a smart grid. Connected homes, communities and
2. Allow consumers to play a part in optimising the operation the whole cities use electricity and create data on the consumption
of the system. and loads. This data can be used by any authorized participants in
3. Provide consumers with greater information and options for the supply chain. Thanks to data analytics and visualization tools,
how they use their supply. energy consumption data is turned into insight that makes the
4. Significantly reduce the environment impact of the whole basis for future decision.
electricity supply system.
5. Maintain or even improve the existing high levels of system 5. Store: Not only do households practice a more prudent energy
reliability, quality and security of supply. use, but also store enough power to provide a house in the off grid
scenario. Using storage, households save extra energy, choose the
A common element to the most definition is the application loads they need to backup and use this energy in the case of an
processing and communication to the power grid, making data outage.
flow and information management central to the smart grid.
Various capabilities results from the deeply integrated use of 2. Why Do We Need Smart Grid
digital technology with power grids. Integration of the new grid First of all, traditional grids are aging and no longer
information is one of the key issues in the design of smart grid. effective with respect to growing electricity demand. The table
Electric utilities now find themselves making three classes of showing the basic differences and benefits of smart grid over a
transformation: Improvement of infrastructure, called the strong traditional.
grid of china, addition of the digital layer, which is the essence
of the smart grid, and business process transformation, necessary
to capitalise on the investments in smart technology. Much of the
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TRADITIONAL SMART GRID

POWER GRID
3. Charging stations and smart storage :- In this concept of smart
grid, energy storage and charging stations play an important role.
METERING EECTROMECHANICAL, DIGITAL/MICR
Not only do these technologies allow households to safety go off
SOLID-STATE. OPROCESSORS. in case of outages or accident. They also reflect the growing
demand for independent residential renewable systems.

COMMUNICATION ONE WAY AND LOCAL GLOBAL/

TWO WAY INTEGRATED TWO
COMMUNICATION. WAY
4. Various Application Requirements of IoT Deployed Smart
COMMUNICATION. Grid.
1. IoT is widely deployed in various types of e- health
application and provide various facilities for coping with
CUSTOMER LIMITED. EXTENSIVE. health issues.
INTERACTION 2. IoT can be used for monitoring, plant area monitoring, coal
material monitoring, pollutants and gas emissions monitoring,
power prediction, energy consumption monitoring, pumped
GENERATION CENTRALISED. CENTRALISED AND
DISTRIBUTED
storage power plant monitoring, energy storage, power
GENERATION. connection etc. In the various area of power generation.
3. IoT is deployed for transmission line monitoring and
controlling equipment managements, tower protection,
POWER FLOW LIMITED PROTECTION WAMPAC, distribution automation and intelligent substations.
CONTROL MONITORING AND ADAPTIVE 4. IoT is basically used for smart meter and smart power
CONTROL SYSTEMS. PROTECTION.
consumption, multi-network convergence, electric vehicles
charging energy efficiency monitoring and management.
MONITORING “BLIND” SELF-MONITORING 5. High reliability AMR based on IoT:- Auto meter reading
systems plays an important role in smart grid. It is system
responsible for collecting. Processing and real-time
RESTORATION MANUAL AUTOMATED SELF- monitoring power consumption information intelligently.
HEALING 6. Smart patrol based on IoT :- The patrol of the power
transmission, substation and distribution equipment is mainly
conducted manually at a regularly time. It is based on IoT
OPERATION AND CHECK EQUIPMENT MONITOR enabled wireless sensor network and can help positioning
MAINTENANCE MANUALLY EQUIPMENT
REMOTELY
equipment by identifying labels, thus improve the
standardization and regulation of patrol works.

CONTROL LIMITED CONTROL PERVASIVE 5. Smart Transmission Grid (STG) :-

SYSTEM CONTINGENCY CONTROL SYSTEMS 1. Transmission of electric power is originated to be a direct
current (DC) transmission and in complex network topologies
the transmission is diverse to HVAC, HVDC transmission at
RELIABILITY ESTIMATED: PRONE TO PREDICTIVE:
different voltage levels.
FAILURE AND PRO-ACTIVE
CASCADING OUTAGES REAL TIME 2. The goal of unique vision of smart Transmission grid is
PROTECTION to promote technology innovation to deliver reliable, flexible,
AND continues, inexpensive and sustainable electric power to
ISLANDING
consume.
6. Features and characteristics of STG.
TOPOLOGY RADIAL NETWORK
FLEXIBILITY INNOVATION AND DIVERSE GENERATION
TECHNOLOGIES, ADAPTABILITY, MULTIPLE
CONTROL STRATEGIES, SYSTEM
UPGRADATION.

3. Innovative Smart Grid Technologies :-

The operation of smart grid relies on a broad range of CUSTOMIZATION SMART CONSUMER, MARKET LIBERTY,
technology and infrastructure solutions. Smart grid based on IoT TRANSPERANCY.
and data technologies is prevailing and includes several important SUSTAINABILITY ECO- FRIENDLY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
components. RESOURCES, DECARBONISATION.

1. Smart sensors and meter :- These are the very basic RESILIENCY RAPID RESPONSE, ROBUSTNESS, REAL-TIME
components of smart grid that enable continuously create and ANALYSIS, SELF-HEALING.
report status data to enable monitoring and control. Smart meters
accumulate energy use data and show the full picture of energy INTELLIGENCE SELF AWARENESS, ONLINE MONITORING,
consumption in the house. SELF-HEALING, SYSTEMS SECURITY.

2. Automated Distribution :- Advanced distribution DIGITIZATION FAST AND RELIABLE SENSING

systems use real-time data to dynamically respond to the changes COMMUNICATION, EFFECTIVE PROTECTION,
in loads, detect blackouts and correct power distribution to enable USER FRIENDLY, VISUALIZATION.

both safety and economic savings. This is the part where smart
grid using IoT introduce automation and self-management. Table no.1:- features and characteristics of STG.

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significant. Big data management and storage is a big

7. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) :- challenge.
1. Various limitations of classical power system such as poor 4. Efficient interoperability between different communication
visibility, poor response of mechanical switch and lack of networks is also a main concern of smart grid deployment.
automatic analysis.
2. For the transmission and communication of information and
data between the utility system and smart consumer, wired and CONCLUSION
wireless modes are operated, on the basic of various factor, This paper has been addressed an overview of IoT technology
each wired and wireless mode of the communication has their and it’s various uses in the smart grid technology. By applying
own advantages and disadvantages. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, various intelligent service
can be created. The development of most aspects of the smart grid
8. Application of smart grid :- would be enhanced by applying IoT. There many driving factors
1. Smart grid plays very important role in modern smart world that increase interest to switch from conventional power grid
technologies. Following are the most common application. systems as it provides very effective measures of delivering
electric power to various consumers.
FUTURE APPS SERVICE REAL TIME MARKETS.
BUSINESS AND APPLICATION DATA FLOW TO FROM END
CUSTOMER USERS ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. REFRENCES
i. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261793787_Internat
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DISTRIBUTED MONITORING OF DISTRIBUTED ASSETS. ii. https://www.wired.com/2016/03/inside-cunning-
GENERATION AND
unprecendented-hank-ukrains-power-grid
STORE
GRID OPTIMIZATION SELF- HEALING GRID:- FAULT
iii. W. Wang, Y. Xu, M. Khurana,, “A survey on the
PROTECTION, OUTAGE MANAGEMENT, communication architectures in smart grid”
REMOTE SWITCHING, MINIMAL iv. IEEE conference on smart grid communications (smart grid
CONGESTION, DYNAMIC CONTROL OF comm).
VOLTAGE, WHETHER DATA INTEGRATION,
CENTRALIZED CAPACITORS, BANK
CONTROL, DISTRIBUTION AND
SUBSTATION AUTOMATION ASSETS
PROTECTION, ADVANCED SENSING,
AUTOMATED FEEDER.
DEMAND RESPONSE ADVANCED DEMAND MAINTENANCE AND
DEMAND RESPONSE, LOAD FORECASTING
AND SHIFTING.

AMI PROVIDES REMOTE METER READING,

THEFT DETECTION, CUSTOMER PREPAY,
MOBILE WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT.

Table no. 2:- Common application of smart grid.

Identification
and Tracking
technology

Everyday Wired and

Things The IoT wireless sensor
and actuator

Enhance Now
communication application
protocol and services

Fig no.3 Structure of the Internet of Things

CHALLENGES
1. One of the biggest challenges of implementing millions of
new devices for the smart grid is that each of this device could
become a potential target for hackers, being in this sense
security a vital point to be solved with full safeguard against
intrusion by a third party.
2. Ukraine attack is a wake-up call this attack was relatively
short-lived the next one might not be.
3. To deployed IoT enable local smart grid numerous sensors
have to be installed and the amount of transferred data will be

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