Shiv Chhatrapati Shikshan Sanstha’s
SANT TUKARAM NATIONAL MODEL SCHOOL, LATUR
CLASS: IX STATISTICS Sub: Mathematics
PANKAJ SURYAVANSHI
Content:
1) Introduction
2) Main concepts and Sub-concepts
3) Gist of the Lesson
4) Video
5) Graph
6) Mind Map
7) Bibliography
8) Question Bank
A study dealing with the collection, presentation and interpretation and
analysis of data is called as statistics.
Data
Facts /figures numerical or otherwise collected for a definite purpose
is called as data.
data collected first-hand data:- Primary
Secondary data: Data collected from a source that already had data
stored
Main concepts:
1) Collection of Data
2)Presentation of Data
3)Graphical Representation of Data
4)Measures of Central Tendency
Gist of the chapter:
Frequency
– The number of times a particular instance occurs is called frequency in
statistics.
Ungrouped data
Ungrouped data is data in its original or raw form. The observations are
not classified in groups.
Grouped data
In grouped data, observations are organized in groups.
Class Interval
The size of the class into which a particular data is divided.
E.g divisions on a histogram or bar graph.
Class width = upper class limit – lower class limit
Regular and Irregular class interval
1. Regular class interval: When the class intervals are equal or of the
same sizes.
2. E.g 0-10, 10-20, 20-30….. 90-100
3. Irregular class interval: When the class intervals are of varying
sizes.
4. E.g 0-35, 35-45, 45-55, 55- 80, 80-90, 90-95, 95-100
Frequency table
A frequency table or distribution shows the occurrence of a particular
variable in a tabular form.
Sorting
1. Raw data needs to be sorted in order to carry out operations.-
2. Sorting ⇒ ascending order or descending order
Ungrouped frequency table
– When the frequency of each class interval is not arranged or organised
in any manner.
Grouped frequency table
– The frequencies of the corresponding class intervals are organised or
arranged in a particular manner, either ascending or descending.
To know more about Statistics, visit here.
Graphical Representation of Data
Bar graphs
Graphical representation of data using bars of equal width and equal
spacing between them (on one axis). The height
Savings (in percentage) Number of Employees (Frequency)
20 105
30 199
40 29
50 73
Total 400
The data can be represented as:
Variable being a number
• A variable can be a number such as ‘no. of students’ or ‘no. of
months’.
• Can be represented by bar graphs or histograms depending on the
type of data.
Discrete → bar graphs
Continuous → Histograms
Histograms
1. Like bar graphs, but for continuous class intervals.
2. Area of each rectangle is ∝ Frequency of a variable and the width
is equal to the class interval.
Frequency polygon
• If the midpoints of each rectangle in a histogram are joined by line
segments, the figure formed will be a frequency polygon.
• Can be drawn without histogram. Need midpoints of class intervals
Midpoint of class interval
The midpoint of the class interval is called a class mark
Class mark = (Upper limit + Lower limit)/2
Equality of areas
– Addition of two class intervals with zero frequency preceding the
lowest class and succeeding the highest class intervals enables to
equate the area of the frequency polygon to that of the histogram(Using
congruent triangles.)
Measures of Central Tendency
Average
– The average of a number of observations is the sum of the values of
all the observations divided by the total number of observations.
Mean
Mode
1. The most frequently occurring observation is called the mode.
2. The class interval with the highest frequency is the modal class
Median
1. Value of the middlemost observation.
2. If n(number of observations) is odd, Median
=[(n+1)/2]th observation.
3. If n is even, the Median is the mean or average of (n/2)th and
[(n+1)/2]th observation
Video: https://youtu.be/h2-QRQnEcms
Activity: Collect the height of your class mates from your Physical
education teacher and prepare a frequency distribution table.
Mind Map
Bibliography:
1) RD Sharma
2) S.Chand
3) Reliable
Question Bank
EXERCISE:14.1
1. Give five examples of data that you can collect from your day-to-
day life.
Solution:
Five examples from day-to-day life:
1. Number of students in our class.
2. Number of fans in our school.
3. Electricity bills of our house for last two years.
4. Election results obtained from television or newspapers.
5. Literacy rate figures obtained from Educational Survey
2. Classify the data in Q.1 above as primary or secondary data.
Solution:
Primary data: when the information was collected by the investigator
herself or himself with a definite objective in her or his mind, the data
obtained is called primary data.
Primary data; (i), (ii) and (iii)
Secondary data; when the information was gathered from a source
which already had the information stored, the data obtained is called
secondary data
Secondary data; (iv) and (v)
EXERCISE: 14.2
1. The blood groups of 30 students of Class VIII are recorded as
follows:
A, B, O, O, AB, O, A, O, B, A, O, B, A, O, O,
A, AB, O, A, A, O, O, AB, B, A, O, B, A, B, O.
Represent this data in the form of a frequency distribution table.
Which is the most common, and which is the rarest, blood group
among these students?
Solution:
Frequency is the number of students having the same blood group. The
frequency is represented in the table or the frequency distribution table:
Blood Group Number of Students
(Frequency)
A 9
B 6
O 12
AB 3
Total 30
The most common Blood Group is the blood group with highest
frequency: O
The rarest Blood Group is the blood group with lowest frequency: AB
2. The distance (in km) of 40 engineers from their residence to their
place of work were found as follows:
5 3 10 20 25 11 13 7 12 31
19 10 12 17 18 11 32 17 16 2
7 9 7 8 3 5 12 15 18 3
12 14 2 9 6 15 15 7 6 12
Construct a grouped frequency distribution table with class size 5
for the data given above taking the first interval as 0-5 (5 not
included). What main features do you observe from this tabular
representation?
Solution:
Since the given data is very large, we construct a grouped frequency
distribution table of class size 5. , class interval will be 0-5, 5-10, 10-15,
15-20 and so on. The data is represented in the grouped frequency
distribution table as:
In the given table the classes do not overlap. Also we find that, the
houses of 36 out of 40 engineers are below 20 km of distance
3. The relative humidity (in %) of a certain city for a month of 30
days was as follows:
98.1 98.6 99.2 90.3 86.5 95.3 92.9 96.3 94.2
95.1
89.2 92.3 97.1 93.5 92.7 95.1 97.2 93.3 95.2
97.3
96.2 92.1 84.9 90.2 95.7 98.3 97.3 96.1 92.1 89
(i) Construct a grouped frequency distribution table with classes 84
– 86, 86 – 88, etc.
(ii) Which month or season do you think this data is about?
(iii) What is the range of this data?
Solution:
(i) Since the given data is very large, we construct a grouped frequency
distribution table of class size 2.
, class interval will be 84-86, 86-88, 88-90, 90-92 and so on. The data is
represented in the grouped frequency distribution table as:
Relative humidity (in %) Frequency
84-86 1
86-88 1
88-90 2
90-92 2
92-94 7
94-96 6
96-98 7
98-100 4
Total 30
(ii) The humidity is very high in the given data. Since the humidity is
observed to be high during the rainy season, the data here must be
about rainy season.
(iii) The range of a data = The maximum value of the data–minimum
value of the data
= 99.2−84.9
= 14.3
4. The heights of 50 students, measured to the nearest centimeters,
have been found to be as follows:
161 150 154 165 168 161 154 162 150 151
162 164 171 165 158 154 156 172 160 170
153 159 161 170 162 165 166 168 165 164
154 152 153 156 158 162 160 161 173 166
161 159 162 167 168 159 158 153 154 159
(i) Represent the data given above by a grouped frequency
distribution table, taking the class intervals as 160 – 165, 165 – 170,
etc.
(ii) What can you conclude about their heights from the table?
Solution:
(i) The data given in the question can be represented by a grouped
frequency distribution table, taking the class intervals as 160 – 165, 165
– 170, etc., as:
Height (in cm) No. of Students
(Frequency)
150-155 12
155-160 9
160-165 14
165-170 10
170-175 5
Total 50
(ii) It can be concluded from the given data and the table that 35
students, i.e. more than 50% of the total students, are shorter than 165
cm.
5. A study was conducted to find out the concentration of sulphur
dioxide in the air in parts per million (ppm) of a certain city. The
data obtained for 30 days is as follows:
0.03 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.17
0.16 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.18 0.20
0.11 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.22 0.07
0.08 0.01 0.10 0.06 0.09 0.18
0.11 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.04
(i) Make a grouped frequency distribution table for this data with
class intervals as 0.00 – 0.04, 0.04 – 0.08, and so on.
(ii) For how many days, was the concentration of Sulphur dioxide
more than 0.11 parts per million?
Solution:
(i) The grouped frequency distribution table for the data given in the
question with class intervals as 0.00 – 0.04, 0.04 – 0.08, and so on is
given below.
Concentration of sulphur dioxide in air Frequency
(in ppm)
0.00 − 0.04 4
0.04 − 0.08 9
0.08 − 0.12 9
0.12 − 0.16 2
0.16 − 0.20 4
0.20 − 0.24 2
Total 30
(ii) The number of days in which the concentration of sulphur dioxide
was more than 0.11 parts per million = 2+4+ 2 = 8
6. Three coins were tossed 30 times simultaneously. Each time the
number of heads occurring was noted down as follows:
0122123130
1311220121
3001123220
Prepare a frequency distribution table for the data given above.
Solution:
The frequency distribution table for the data given in the question is
given below:
Number of Heads Frequency
0 6
1 10
2 9
3 5
Total 30
7. The value of π up to 50 decimal places is given below:
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510
(i) Make a frequency distribution of the digits from 0 to 9 after the
decimal point.
(ii) What are the most and the least frequently occurring digits?
Solution:
(i) The frequency distribution of the digits from 0 to 9 after the decimal
point is given in the table below:
Digits Frequency
0 2
1 5
2 5
3 8
4 4
5 5
6 4
7 4
8 5
9 8
Total 30
(ii) The digit having the least frequency occurs the least. Since 0 occurs
only twice, it has a frequency of 2. ,The least frequently occurring digit is
0.
The digit with highest frequency occurs the most. Since 3 and 9 occurs
eight times, it has a frequency of 8. , The most frequently occurring digits
are 3 and 9.
8. Thirty children were asked about the number of hours they
watched TV programmes in the previous week. The results were
found as follows:
1 6 2 3 5 12 5 8 4 8
10 3 4 12 2 8 15 1 17 6
3 2 8 5 9 6 8 7 14 12
(i) Make a grouped frequency distribution table for this data, taking
class width 5 and one of the class intervals as 5-10.
(ii) How many children watched television for 15 or more hours a
week?
Solution:
(i) The grouped frequency distribution table for the data given in the
question, taking class width 5 and one of the class intervals as 5-10 is
given below:
Number of Hours Frequency
0-5 10
5-10 13
10-15 5
15-20 2
Total 30
(ii) From the given table, we can conclude that 2 children watched
television for 15 or more hours in a week.
9. A company manufactures car batteries of a particular type. The
lives (in years) of 40 such batteries were recorded as follows:
2.6 3.0 3.7 3.2 2.2 4.1 3.5 4.5
3.5 2.3 3.2 3.4 3.8 3.2 4.6 3.7
2.5 4.4 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.0 4.3 2.8
3.5 3.2 3.9 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.4
4.6 3.8 3.2 2.6 3.5 4.2 2.9 3.6
Construct a grouped frequency distribution table for this data,
using class intervals of size 0.5 starting from the interval 2 – 2.5.
Solution:
The grouped frequency distribution table for the data given in the table,
using class intervals of size 0.5 starting from the interval 2 – 2.5, is given
below.
Lives of batteries (in years) No. of batteries
(Frequency)
2-2.5 2
2.5-3 6
3-3.5 14
3.5-4 11
4-4.5 4
4.5-5 3
Total 40
EXERCISE: 14.3
1. A survey conducted by an organisation for the cause of illness
and death among the women between the ages 15 – 44 (in years)
worldwide, found the following figures (in %):
S.No. Causes Female fatality rate (%)
1. Reproductive health conditions 31.8
2. Neuropsychiatric conditions 25.4
3. Injuries 12.4
4. Cardiovascular conditions 4.3
5. Respiratory conditions 4.1
6. Other causes 22.0
(i) Represent the information given above graphically.
(ii) Which condition is the major cause of women’s ill health and
death worldwide?
(iii) Try to find out, with the help of your teacher, any two factors
which play a major role in the cause in (ii) above being the major
cause.
Solution:
(i) The information given in the question is represented below
graphically.
(ii) We can observe from the graph that reproductive health conditions is
the major cause of women’s ill health and death worldwide.
(iii) Two factors responsible for cause in (ii) are:
Lack of proper care and understanding.
•
• Lack of medical facilities.
2. The following data on the number of girls (to the nearest ten) per
thousand boys in different sections of Indian society is given
below.
S.No. Section Number of girls per thousand boys
1. Scheduled Caste (SC) 940
2. Scheduled Tribe (ST) 970
3. Non SC/ST 920
4. Backward districts 950
5. Non-backward districts 920
6. Rural 930
7. Urban 910
(i) Represent the information above by a bar graph.
(ii) In the classroom discuss what conclusions can be arrived at
from the graph.
Solution:
(i) The information given in the question is represented below
graphically.
(ii) From the above graph, we can conclude that the maximum number of
girls per thousand boys is present in the section ST. We can also
observe that the backward districts and rural areas have more number of
girls per thousand boys than non-backward districts and urban areas.
3. Given below are the seats won by different political parties in the
polling outcome of a state assembly elections:
Political party A B C D E F
Seats won 75 55 37 29 10 37
(i) Draw a bar graph to represent the polling results.
(ii) Which political party won the maximum number of seats?
Solution:
(i) The bar graph representing the polling results is given below:
(ii) From the bar graph it is clear that Party A won the maximum number
of seats.
4. The length of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to one
millimeter, and the obtained data is represented in the following
table:
S.No. Length (in mm) Number of leaves
1. 118 – 126 3
2. 127 – 135 5
3. 136 – 144 9
4. 145 – 153 12
5. 154 – 162 5
6. 163 – 171 4
7. 172 – 180 2
(i) Draw a histogram to represent the given data. [Hint: First make
the class intervals continuous]
(ii) Is there any other suitable graphical representation for the same
data?
(iii) Is it correct to conclude that the maximum number of leaves are
153 mm long? Why?
Solution:
(i) The data given in the question is represented in discontinuous class
interval. So, we have to make it in continuous class interval. The
difference is 1, so taking half of 1, we subtract ½ = 0.5 from lower limit
and add 0.5 to the upper limit. Then the table becomes:
S.No. Length (in mm) Number of leaves
1. 117.5 – 126.5 3
2. 126.5 – 135.5 5
3. 135.5 – 144.5 9
4. 144.5 – 153.5 12
5. 153.5 – 162.5 5
6. 162.5 – 171.5 4
7. 171.5 – 180.5 2
(ii) Yes, the data given in the question can also be represented by
frequency polygon.
1. No, we cannot conclude that the maximum number of leaves are
153 mm long because the maximum number of leaves are lying in-
between the length of 144.5 – 153.5
5. The following table gives the life times of 400 neon lamps:
Life Time (in hours) Number of lamps
300 – 400 14
400 – 500 56
500 – 600 60
600 – 700 86
700 – 800 74
800 – 900 62
900 – 1000 48
(i) Represent the given information with the help of a histogram.
(ii) How many lamps have a life time of more than 700 hours?
Solution:
(i) The histogram representation of the given data is given below:
(ii) The number of lamps having a life time of more than 700 hours =
74+62+48 = 184
6. The following table gives the distribution of students of two
sections according to the marks obtained by them:
Represent the marks of the students of both the sections on the
same graph by two frequency polygons. From the two polygons
compare the performance of the two sections.
Solution:
The class-marks = (lower limit + upper limit)/2
For section A,
Marks Class-marks Frequency
0-10 5 3
10-20 15 9
20-30 25 17
30-40 35 12
40-50 45 9
For section B,
Marks Class-marks Frequency
0-10 5 5
10-20 15 19
20-30 25 15
30-40 35 10
40-50 45 1
Representing these data on a graph using two frequency polygon we
get,
From the graph, we can conclude that the students of Section A
performed better than Section B.
7. The runs scored by two teams A and B on the first 60 balls in a
cricket match are given below:
Represent the data of both the teams on the same graph by
frequency polygons.
[Hint: First make the class intervals continuous.]
Solution:
The data given in the question is represented in discontinuous class
interval. So, we have to make it in continuous class interval. The
difference is 1, so taking half of 1, we subtract ½ = 0.5 = 0.5 from lower
limit and add 0.5 to the upper limit. Then the table becomes:
Number of balls Team A Team B
0.5-6.5 2 5
6.5-12.5 1 6
12.5-18.5 8 2
18.5-24.5 9 10
24.5-30.5 4 5
30.5-36.5 5 6
36.5-42.5 6 3
42.5-48.5 10 4
48.5-54.5 6 8
54.5-60.5 2 10
The data of both the teams are represented on the graph below by
frequency polygons.
8. A random survey of the number of children of various age
groups playing in a park was found as follows:
Draw a histogram to represent the data above.
Solution:
The width of the class intervals in the given data is varying.
We know that,
The area of rectangle is proportional to the frequencies in the histogram.
Thus, the proportion of the children per year can be calculated as given
in the table below.
Age Number of children (frequency) Width of class Length of rectangle
(in years)
1-2 5 1 (5/1)×1 = 5
2-3 3 1 (3/1)×1 = 3
3-5 6 2 (6/2)×1 = 3
5-7 12 2 (12/2)×1 = 6
7-10 9 3 (9/3)×1 = 3
10-15 10 5 (10/5)×1 = 2
15-17 4 2 (4/2)×1 = 2
Let x-axis = the age of children
y-axis = proportion of children per 1 year interval
9. 100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone
directory and a frequency distribution of the number of letters in
the English alphabet in the surnames was found as follows:
(i) Draw a histogram to depict the given information.
(ii) Write the class interval in which the maximum number of
surnames lie.
Solution:
(i) The width of the class intervals in the given data is varying.
We know that,
The area of rectangle is proportional to the frequencies in the histogram.
Thus, the proportion of the number of surnames per 2 letters interval can
be calculated as given in the table below.
Number of letters Number of surnames Width of class Length of rectangle
1-4 6 3 (6/3)×2 = 4
4-6 30 2 (30/2)×2 = 30
6-8 44 2 (44/2)×2 = 44
8-12 16 4 (16/4)×2 = 8
12-20 4 8 (4/8)×2 = 1
(ii) 6-8 is the class interval in which the maximum number of surnames
lie.
EXERCISE: 14.4
1. The following number of goals were scored by a team in a series
of 10 matches:
2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 1, 3, 3, 4, 3
Find the mean, median and mode of these scores.
Solution:
Mean = Average = Sum of all the observations/Total number of
observations
= (2+3+4+5+0+1+3+3+4+3)/10
= 28/10
= 2.8
Median,
To find the median, we first arrange the data in ascending order.
0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5
Here,
Number of observations (n) = 10
Since the number of observations are even, the median can be
calculated as:
=3
Mode,
To find the mode, we first arrange the data in ascending order.
0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5.
Here,
We find that 3 occurs most frequently (4 times)
∴ Mode = 3
2. In a mathematics test given to 15 students, the following marks
(out of 100) are recorded:
41, 39, 48, 52, 46, 62, 54, 40, 96, 52, 98, 40, 42, 52, 60
Find the mean, median and mode of this data.
Solution:
Mean=Average = Sum of all the observations/Total number of
observations
= (41+39+48+52+46+62+54+40+96+52+98+40+42+52+60)/15
= 822/15
= 54.8
Median,
To find the median, we first arrange the data in ascending order.
39, 40, 40, 41, 42, 46, 48, 52, 52, 52, 54, 60, 62, 96, 98
Here,
Number of observations (n) = 15
Since the number of observations are odd, the median can be calculated
as:
Median = [(n+1)/2]th observation
= [(15+1)/2]th observation
= (16/2)th observation
= 8th observation
= 52
Mode,
To find the mode, we first arrange the data in ascending order.
39, 40, 40, 41, 42, 46, 48, 52, 52, 52, 54, 60, 62, 96, 98
Here,
We find that 52 occurs most frequently (3 times)
∴ Mode = 52
3. The following observations have been arranged in ascending
order. If the median of the data is 63, find the value of x.
29, 32, 48, 50, x, x+2, 72, 78, 84, 95
Solution:
Number of observations (n) = 10
Given that Median = 63
Since the number of observations are even, the median can be
calculated as:
63 = [5th observation+(5+1)th observation]/2
63 = [5th observation+6th observation]/2
63 = (x+x+2)/2
63 = (2x+2)/2
x = 63-1
x = 62
4. Find the mode of 14, 25, 14, 28, 18, 17, 18, 14, 23, 22, 14, 18.
Solution:
Mode,
To find the mode, we first arrange the given data in ascending order.
14,14,14,14,17,18,18,18,22,23,25,28
Here,
We find that 14 occurs most frequently (4 times)
∴ Mode = 14
5. Find the mean salary of 60 workers of a factory from the
following table:
Solution:
Salary (xi) Number of workers (fi) fi x i
3000 16 48000
4000 12 48000
5000 10 50000
6000 8 48000
7000 6 42000
8000 4 32000
9000 3 27000
10000 1 10000
Total Σfi = 60 Σfixi = 305000
, the mean salary is ₹5083.33
6. Give one example of a situation in which
(i) the mean is an appropriate measure of central tendency.
(ii) the mean is not an appropriate measure of central tendency but
the median is an appropriate measure of central tendency.
Solution:
(i) Mean marks obtained in the examination
(ii) Runs scored by Mahendra Singh Dhoni in 7 matches are,
39, 51, 56, 102, 83, 48, 91
Here,
Mean = (39+51+56+102+83+48+91)/7
= 470/7
= 67.1.
Median,
Arranging in ascending order we get 39, 48 51, 56, 83, 91, 102
n=7
Median = [(n+1)/2]th observation
= ( (7+1)/2)th observation
= (8/2)th observation
= 4th observation
= 56
Question Bank as per the paper pattern
1 Mark Questions
1. Mean of 20 observations is 17. If in the observations, observation
40 is replaced by 12, find the new mean. [CBSE-14-ERFKZ8H]
Answer. Since mean of 20 observations is 17
Sum of the 20 observations = 17 x 20 = 340
New sum of 20 observations = 340 – 40 + 12 = 312
Newmean=312 / 20 =15.6
2. If the mean of the data x1,x2,x3…………….xn is x¯ ,then find the
mean of αx1, αx2, αx3…………….αxn.
Answer.
3. Mean of 36 observations is 12. One observation 47 was misread
as 74. Find the correct mean. [CBSE-14-17DIG1U]
Answer. Mean of 36 observations = 12
Total of 36 observations = 36 x 12 = 432
Correct sum of 36 observations = 432 – 74 + 47 = 405
Correct mean of 36 observations = 405/ 36 =11.25
4. If the mean of five observations x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6, x + 8 is 11,
then write the value of x.
Answer.
5. Determine the mean of first 10 natural numbers.
Answer. First ten natural numbers are 1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
6. Find the mean of x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6, x + 8.
Answer.
7. Write the class mark of an interval 90 – 120.
Answer. Classmark= (90+120 )/ 2 = 210 / 2 =105
8. The mean of 8 observations is 40. If 5 is added to each
observation, then what will be the new mean ?
Answer.
9. Find the range of the given data : 25, 18, 20, 22, 16, 6, 17, 15, 12,
30, 32, 10, 19, 8, 11, 20
Answer. Here, the minimum and maximum values of given data are 6
and 32 respectively.
Range = 32 – 6 = 26
10. There are 50 numbers. Each number is subtracted from 53 and
the mean of the numbers so obtained is found to be – 3.5. Find the
mean of the given numbers.
Answer.
11. Find the median of the values 37, 31, 42, 43, 46, 25, 39, 45, 32.
Answer. Arranging the data in ascending order, we have 25, 31, 32, 37,
39, 42, 43, 45, 46 Here, number of observations = 9 (odd)
12. If the median of data (arranged in ascending order) 31, 33, 35, x,
x+10, 48, 48, 50 is 40, then find value of x.
Answer.
13. Find the mode of the following scores : 14, 25, 14, 28, 18, 17, 18,
14, 23, 22, 14, 18
Answer. 14 repeat maximum number of times (4 times) in the given
data.
Mode = 14
14.To draw a histogram to represent the following frequency
distribution :
Find the adjusted frequency for the class 25-45.
Answer.
15. The median of the data 26,56,32,33,60,17,34,29,45 is 33. If 26 is
replaced by 62, then find the new median.
Answer. Here, the given data in ascending order is 17, 29, 32, 33, 34,
45, 56, 60, 62
Hence, new median is 34.
2 Mark Questions
16. For a particular year, following is the distribution of ages (in
years) of primary school teachers in a district:
1. Write the lower limit of first class interval.
2. Determine the class limits of the fourth class interval.
3. Find the class mark of the class 45 – 50.
4. Determine the class size. [CBSE March 2012]
Answer.
1. First class interval is 15 – 20 and its lower limit is 15.
2. Fourth class interval is 30 – 35 Lower limit is 30 and upper
limit is 35.
3. Class mark of the class 45 – 50 =( 45+50 )/ 2 =95 / 2 =47.5
4. Class size = Upper limit of each class interval – Lower limit of
each class interval
.•. Here, class size = 20 – 15 = 5
17. The class marks of a frequency distribution are 104, 114, 124,
134, 144, 154, 164. Find the class size and class intervals. [CBSE
March 2012]
Answer. Since the class marks are equally spaced.
.•. Class size = 114 – 104 = 10
18. Find the mean of the following distribution : [CBSE-14-
GDQNI3W]
Answer.
19. The mean weight per student in a group of 7 students is 55 kg.
The individual weights of 6 of them in kg are 52, 54, 55, 53, 56, 54.
Find the weight of the seventh student. [CBSE March 2012]
Answer.
20. Ten observations 6, 14, 15, 17, x + 1, 2x – 13, 30, 32, 34, 43 are
written in ascending order. The median of the data is 24. Find the
value of x. [NCERT Exemplar Problem]
Answer. Here, the arranged data is 6, 14, 15, 17, x + 1, 2x – 13, 30, 32,
34, 43
Total number of observations = 10
21. In figure, there is a histogram depicting daily wages of workers
in d factory. Construct the frequency distribution table. (CBSE
March 2013)
Answer.
22. Thirty children were asked about the number of hours they
watched TV programmes in the previous week. The results were
found as follows :
1 6 2 3 5 12 5 8 4 8 10 3 4 12 2
8 15 1 17 6 3 2 5 9 6 8 7 14 12
(i) Make a frequency distribution table for this data, taking class
width 5 and one of the class as 5-10.
(ii) How many children watched television for 15 or more than 15
hours a week? [CBSE March 2012]
Answer. (i) Frequency distribution table :
(ii) From the above frequency distribution table, we observe that number
of children in the class- interval 15 – 20 is 2.
So, 2 children view television for 15 hours or more than 15 hours a
week.
3 Mark Questions
23. Given are the scores (out of 25) of 9 students in a Monday test :
14, 25, 17, 22, 20, 19, 10, 8 and 23
Find the mean score and median score of the data. [CBSE-14-
GDQNI3W]
Answer.
24. The scores of an English test out of 100 of 20 students are
given below :
75, 69, 88, 55, 95, 88, 73, 64, 75, 98, 88, 95, 90, 95, 88, 44, 59, 67, 88,
99.
Find the median and mode of the data [CBSE-14-17DIG1U]
Answer. Ascending order of given data is as given below :
44, 55, 59, 64, 67, 69, 73, 75, 75, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 90, 95, 95, 95, 98,
99
25. Obtain the mean of the following distribution and also find the
mode. [CBSE-14-ERFKZ8H]
Answer.
5 Mark Questions
26. A random survey of the number of children of various age
groups playing in a park was found as follows :
Draw a histogram to represent the data above.
Answer. In this question, the class sizes are different. So, calculate the
adjusted frequency for each class by using the following formula :
Let us represent the class intervals along X-axis and corresponding
adjusted frequencies on Y-axis on a suitable scale.
Now, draw rectangles with the class intervals as bases and the
corresponding adjusted frequencies as the heights.
Therefore, the required histogram is as given below :
27. In a mathematics test given to 15 students, the following marks
(out of 100) are recorded :
41, 39, 48, 52, 46, 62, 54, 40, 96, 52, 98, 40, 42, 52, 60.
Find the mean, median and mode of this data. [CBSE March 2013]
Answer
.
28. The following two tables gives the distribution of students of two sections
according to the marks obtained by them : [CBSE March 2011, 2013]
Represent the marks of the students of both the sections on the same graph
by two frequency polygons. From the two polygons compare the performance
of the two sections.
Answer. The class marks are as under :
Let us take class marks on X-axis and frequencies on Y-axis.
To plot frequency polygon of Section-A, we plot the points (5, 3), (15,9), (25,17),
(35,12), (45,9) and join these points by line segments.
To plot frequency polygon of Section-B, we plot the points (5,5), (15,19), (25,15),
(35,10), (45,1) on the same scale and join these points by dotted line segments.
From the above two polygons, clearly the performance of Section-A is better.
29. The following data given the weight (in grams) of 30 oranges picked from a
basket:
106 107 76 109 187 95 125 92 70
139 128 100 88 84 99 113 204 141
136 123 90 115 110 97 90 107 75
80 118 82
Construct a grouped frequency distribution table taking class width equal to
20 in such a way that the mid-value of first class in 70.
From the frequency table, find the number of oranges
(i) weighing more than 180 g.
(ii) less than 100 g. [CBSE-14-GDQNI3W]
Answer. Here , class width = 20
class mark = 70
Half of the class width =20 /2 =10
Upper limit of first class interval = 70 + 10 = 80
Lower limit of first class interval = 70 – 10 = 60
Thus, class interval becomes 60 – 80
So, frequency distribution table becomes :
(a) Number of oranges weights more than 180 g = 1 + 1 = 2
(b) Number of oranges weights less than 100 g = 3 + 10 = 13
30. The following table gives the pocket money (in Rs) given to children per
day by their parents : Represent the data in the form of a histogram. [CBSE-14-
ERFKZ8H]
Answer. The required histogram is as below :
31. In a school marks obtained by 80 students are given in the table. Draw a
histogram. Also, make frequency polygon. [CBSE-14-17DIG1U]
Answer.
32. Draw a histogram and frequency polygon for the following distribution :
Answer. We represent class limits along x-axis and number of students along y-axis
on a suitable Scale.
33. Following is the frequency distribution of total marks obtained by the
students of different section of class-IX.
Draw a histogram for the distribution.
Answer. Since class intervals of the given frequency distribution are not of equal
width.
We would make modifications in the lengths of the rectangles in the histogram, so
that the areas of rectangles are proportional to the frequencies.
Now, we draw rectangles with lengths as given in the last column. The histogram of
the data is given below :
34. Following table gives the distribution of students of sections A and B of a
class according to the marks obtained by them.
Represent the marks of the students of both the sections on the same graph
by two frequency polygons. What do you observe ?
Answer.
The End