GROUP 5

Lagrimas, Floralyn
Mares, Alvey Zephyr
Masangkay, Tricia
Mendoza, Aivrian
Mercado, Samantha

Exploring the Significance of

Culturally Appropriate Terminology in the Philippines

Introduction
Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone! Welcome to our webinar on "Culturally
Appropriate Terms in the Philippines." I'm Masangkay, and I'm thrilled to have you all here today.
In this webinar, we will explore the concept of race in the Philippine context, discuss terms,
expressions, and images (sensitivity to gender, race, and class), and then react to the
implications in communication.

Transition to the Main Presentation

To begin with, let's understand that race in the Philippines does not play a prominent role
in society as it does in other countries. Instead, ethnicity, language, and cultural heritage play a
vital role in shaping our identities. However, it's important to acknowledge and respect the
diversity and unique characteristics of each region and its people.

Main Presentation

[LAGRIMAS, Floralyn]
Bridging Cultures: The Key Principle of Effective Intercultural Communication

Culturally appropriate terms or culturally appropriate language is a terminology that is

used in terms of respectfulness, sensitivity and cultural norm values and practices of a particular
group or community. This involves the using of words, phrases and expressions that are in line
with the culture and context in which communication takes place.

Culturally appropriate terms are used to avoid offense, stereotype and misinterpretation
when interacting with people from different cultural backgrounds.

Here are some key aspects of culturally appropriate terms:

Respect: Using language that shows respect for the cultural traditions, beliefs, and customs of
the individuals or groups you are communicating with.

Respecting cultural traditions, beliefs, and customs in your language and actions is
essential to show sensitivity and build positive relationships. For example, when visiting a
temple, it's important to remove your shoes as a sign of respect for the customs of that religious
space. This demonstrates your consideration for their cultural practices. Here in the Philippines
when we visit our relatives we do the “mano po gesture to show respect and also saying po and
opo”

Sensitivity: Being aware of and considerate of potential cultural sensitivities or taboos related
to certain words, topics, or expressions.

This means that cultural sensitivities or taboos refer to specific words , topics or
expressions that may be offensive , disrespectful or inappropriate in other cultures. When we say
certain words we should be aware of what is okay or not when we are traveling or visiting a
different country.
 “For example you are visiting japan and you brought up the topic about the world war ll
without considering the historical event that had happened in japan during that time period.“

We should ask and listen If you are unsure about what might be sensitive, it's perfectly
acceptable to ask someone from that culture for guidance. And also avoid stereotyping” Avoid
making generalizations or assumptions about a culture. Every culture is diverse, and what may
be sensitive to one individual may not be to another.”

“Let's consider the assumption that all people from the Middle East are the same, and
they share identical customs, traditions, and beliefs. This stereotype would suggest that if one
Middle Eastern person has certain sensitivities or preferences, then everyone from the region
must feel the same way.

In reality, the Middle East is incredibly diverse, comprising various countries with unique
cultures, languages, and traditions. What might be sensitive or offensive to one individual in,
say, Saudi Arabia, may not be the same for someone from Lebanon or Jordan. Assuming that all
Middle Eastern people are the same is a stereotype that can lead to misunderstandings and
hinder meaningful cross-cultural interactions.”

Technically speaking by being aware of and considerate of cultural sensitivities and

taboos, you can create more positive and respectful interactions with people from different
cultural backgrounds.

Inclusivity: Choosing words and phrases that are inclusive and don't marginalize or
discriminate against any particular cultural or social group.

Inclusivity in language refers to the practice of selecting words and phrases that are
considerate of various cultural or social groups, this aims to avoid marginalization or
discrimination. This promotes an environment of respect and understanding.
For Example: Instead of saying "mankind," which may exclude women, you can use
"humankind" to be more inclusive.

Avoiding Stereotypes: Refraining from using language that reinforces stereotypes or

generalizations about a specific culture or ethnic group.

Avoiding stereotypes in language is crucial because it promotes fairness, equity, and

respect among different cultures and ethnicities. Stereotypes can perpetuate harmful biases and
misrepresentations.
Example: Instead of assuming that all individuals from a particular culture are skilled in a
certain profession, it's important to acknowledge their individual abilities and achievements
without making generalized statements like "All Asians are good at math."

Cultural Competence: Demonstrating an understanding of the cultural context in which you

are communicating and adapting your language accordingly.

Cultural competence is crucial for effective and respectful communication with individuals
from diverse backgrounds. It involves understanding the cultural nuances, norms, and values of
the people you are interacting with and adjusting your language and behavior to accommodate
their cultural context. For Example: When conducting a business presentation to an international
audience, cultural competence might involve researching the preferred communication style,
greetings, and etiquette in the host country, allowing you to connect better with your audience
and make a positive impression.

Imagine you're giving a business presentation in China. Cultural competence would

involve researching and understanding that in Chinese business settings, it's common to
exchange business cards with both hands, as a sign of respect. You would then incorporate this
knowledge into your presentation by exchanging business cards in the same manner,
demonstrating cultural awareness and making a positive impression on your Chinese audience.
Adaptability: Being open to learning and using culturally appropriate language when
interacting with diverse groups of people.

Adaptability is essential in intercultural communication because it demonstrates a

willingness to respect and connect with diverse groups by adjusting your language to their
cultural preferences. It fosters inclusivity and effective interactions.

Example: When traveling to a foreign country, adaptability means learning basic

greetings and using them in the local language rather than expecting everyone to speak yours.
This simple effort shows respect for the local culture and can lead to more positive interactions.

In conclusion, effective intercultural communication relies on several key principles, including the
use of culturally appropriate terms, sensitivity to cultural norms and taboos, inclusivity,
avoidance of stereotypes, cultural competence, and adaptability. These principles collectively
contribute to respectful, understanding, and positive interactions with individuals from diverse
cultural backgrounds. By embracing these principles, we can bridge cultural gaps, promote
inclusivity, and build meaningful relationships that foster cooperation and harmony in our
increasingly globalized world.

[MARES, Alvey Zephyr]

Culturally Appropriate Images and Expressions
in the Philippines and How it Represents Filipinos

In this discussion, I will give you some examples of culturally appropriate expressions and
images in the country of the Philippines.

The Philippines is a country with a rich cultural heritage, and it is evident in the many
expressions and customs that are unique to the Filipino people. One of the most iconic cultural
practices is the Filipinos' reaction to their national anthem. When they hear it, regardless of
where they are or what they are doing, they immediately pause and stand at attention. They
face the Philippine flag if it is displayed, and if not, they face the band or the conductor. With
their right palms placed over their lab chests, they execute a salute that is a symbol of their love
and respect for their country.

Another fascinating cultural practice among Filipinos is the sign of the cross. Every time
they pass by a church, they make this gesture, which is a sign of devotion and reverence to the
Lord. This tradition is especially significant among Catholics, who believe that the sign of the
cross is a form of respect for the Eucharist contained in the Tabernacle located within the
church. This expression of faith and piety is a beautiful testament to the deep religious culture
that has shaped the Filipino people for generations.

The Philippines is a country that boasts a unique blend of cultures and traditions that are
deeply rooted in its history. One of the most fascinating images that represent the country's rich
cultural heritage is "Harana." Harana is a beautiful and romantic courtship ritual that dates back
to the early Spanish colonial period. It is a musical tradition that involves men serenading
women at night under their windows. The music is soothing and enchanting, and it follows a
specific style that has its own set of protocols and code of conduct. The practice of Harana was
widespread throughout the Philippines, and it was a popular form of courtship during its time.
Harana stands as a remarkable testament to the Philippines' rich cultural heritage and traditions,
and it continues to inspire artists and musicians to this day.

The Philippine Eagle, is a magnificent bird of prey that is endemic to the Philippines. It is
one of the largest and most powerful eagles in the world. Its majestic appearance and
impressive size have made it a revered and admired creature in the Philippines, where it is
considered a national symbol of strength, courage, and freedom. The Philippine eagle's striking
features, including its brown and white plumage, sharp talons, and piercing eyes, are embedded
in the hearts and minds of the Filipino people, who see it as a representation of their own unique
characteristics and values.
[MASANGKAY, Tricia]
Gender-sensitive: a path to quality

Gender sensitivity highlights and acknowledges the differences, inequalities, and issues.
It also gives consideration to discrimination about different rights, roles, and responsibilities of
men and women. It is a behavior that understands and accepts the differences between genders.

Speaking of gender sensitivity, is the Philippines a country that is sensitive about gender?
According to the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report in the year 2021, the
Philippines ranked 17 out of 156 countries.

Back on our topic, we are going to tackle Culturally Appropriate terms, expressions, and images
connected to gender sensitivity.

For the appropriate terms: we have pronouns and LGBTQ Identities

Pronouns like she/her, he/him, and they/them are if you commonly used pronouns that
refer to someone's gender. Aside from this, gender pronouns in Filipino, but instead of using the
widely used pronouns, the language that we use refers to a person, for example, siya, niya, and
kaniya.

This announces her appropriately used by Filipinos, especially when they are
communicating with another person that they do not know very well. We avoid the pronouns
duck you first to someone's gender to respect their identities. However, we can also ask the
person for permission or consent to ask them their preferred pronoun or identity, if ever.

LGBTQ identities/ gender identities are used by a member and a supporter of the LGBTQ
community. By acknowledging their identities, we are showing our support, respect, and care for
them to feel that they are lovable. Identities give them freedom to express themselves more,
and we as a person and as a country should accept them wholely. By respectfully identifying
them as lesbian, gay, or transgender, we serve as their advocates and help them thrive.

Here, we have six examples of sexual and gender identity terms to know.
(1) lesbian - a woman who is attracted emotionally and/or physically to other women.
(2) gay - a person who is attracted emotionally and/or physically to someone of the same
gender.
(3) bisexual - is attracted to both men and women.
(4) transgender - a person whose gender identity and/or gender expression do not match
their assigned sex at birth.
(5) pansexual - a person who is attracted to or has the potential to be attracted to people of
any gender or gender identity.
(6) homophobia - the fear or dislike of someone based on prejudice or negative attitudes,
beliefs, or views about the LGBTQ community.
Now, we will proceed to the appropriate expressions

We will encounter here the expressions that we have as a gender-sensitive country. The
first one is a chat; we are now open-minded, we accept all gender identities, and as we opened
our minds, we also started to open the doors of our closed hearts when it comes to the LGBTQ
community. Companies are now accepting LGBTQ employees, and they are openly celebrating
some special occasions with them.

As we open our minds, we start to learn how to be respectful. We respected their

opinions, beliefs, ideas, existence, and their personal space.

We also started to study about gender issues. Gender issues include all aspects and
concerns related to women's and men's leaves and situation in society lives and situations in
society. As we understand gender issues, we now accept the fact that even if you are a man, a
woman, or even a part of the LGBTQ community, you are now treated equally.

An example of this is our all-gender comfort room located at the Gusaling Villegas of our
own Pamantasan. Before comfort rooms for the LGBTQ community were a big issue, even the big
TV programs reported about this nationwide. But now, we can see that a lot of establishments
open a comfort room for all genders for them to feel that they are accepted in this country.

We, Filipinos know how to appreciate a person, whoever or whatever they are. As time
flowed by, we started to grow as a person and as a country that openly supports our beloved
LGBTQ members.

[MENDOZA, Aivrian]
Class and Hierarchy Leveling: Advancing Equitable Communication and Inclusion

We probably know that class matters. Not only because you're a student of sociology but
because you're a person who lives in a society. But do you know how much it matters?

Social class is a complex social construct that significantly influences various dimensions
of an individual's life. It can shape one's access to education, shape one's beliefs and values,
determine one's occupation and income, and even impact how one lives and dies. The power of
social class can be seen across multiple aspects of life, ranging from opportunities available to
an individual to their social status and the communities they belong to.

So, let's talk about how class plays out in the lives of Filipinos today and Its implications
on our way of communication.

In the Philippines, there are three primary social classes: the low-income class, the
middle- income class, and the high-income class.

The existence of these social classes gives rise to subtle differences and complexities in
communication, contributing to communication barriers between individuals belonging to
different classes.

It appears that individuals belonging to the high-income strata in the Philippines are more
likely to have received a quality education than their low-income counterparts. This discrepancy
can be attributed to financial constraints, which impose limitations on the educational
opportunities available to the latter group. As a result, this disparity in educational attainment
has a significant impact on the individual's worldview, which is primarily shaped by the social
and cultural scene they are exposed to.

Imagine that you are a highly skilled doctor with a deep knowledge of the health issues
affecting your community. One day, you are given an important task - to deliver a public speech
in your barangay aimed at raising awareness about these health issues. This is an opportunity to
share your expertise with the wider community and to help people understand the importance of
taking care of their health.
However, before you can deliver your speech, you need to do some careful planning. The first
step is to identify your audience - in this case, the ordinary people in the area. This is important
because it will help you to tailor your message to their needs and interests.

When you deliver your speech, it's important to keep in mind that your audience may not
have the same level of medical knowledge as you do. Therefore, it's crucial to avoid using
jargon, which can be confusing and difficult to understand. Instead, aim to communicate your
message clearly and effectively, using simple language that everyone can understand. This way,
you can ensure that your speech has the maximum impact and that your audience comes away
with a deeper understanding of the health issues affecting their community.

In the Philippines, social hierarchy plays a significant role in everyday interactions. This
hierarchical structure is determined by two fundamental factors - age and social status. Filipinos
are instilled with the importance of this social hierarchy from a very young age. As a result,
gestures, communication styles, and terms of address vary according to the relative positions of
individuals in the hierarchy. The social hierarchy in the Philippines is an integral part of the
country's culture and norms.

In Filipino culture, showing respect for elders is of utmost importance. One way to
demonstrate this is by using appropriate titles when addressing them. For instance, males are
typically addressed as "mang" or "kuya," while females are called "ale" or "ate." These terms
denote a clear hierarchy, and failure to use them could result in being seen as disrespectful or
rude. Therefore, it is crucial to use the appropriate titles when addressing someone who is older
than you in Filipino culture.

Through our discussion on the impact of social class and social hierarchy on our
communication, I have gained a deeper understanding of the importance of being flexible and
adaptable in our approach to different social situations. It is essential to consider the person we
are communicating with and what our intended outcome is in order to ensure a productive and
meaningful conversation. Our social background and upbringing greatly influence our
perspectives and understanding, which is why it is crucial to be aware of these differences. By
doing so, we can foster better communication and avoid potential conflicts or misunderstandings.

[MERCADO, Samantha Lei]

Navigating Cultural Sensitivity in the Philippines: A discussion on Appropriate
depictions of race

Now let's proceed to cultural appropriate race in the Philippines:

Race is basically a concept that has been historically used to categorize humanity into
distinct groups based on certain biological characteristics. These groupings were thought to have
a foundation in biology, whether it be through Aristotelian essences or a modern understanding
of genes.

According to the concept of race, individuals within a race are believed to share common
physical features, such as skin color or hair texture, and it is assumed that these physical
characteristics are indicative of other inherent attributes or behaviors.
However, it is important to note that the concept of race is socially constructed. Dominant
groups in society have shaped and defined racial categories to maintain systems of power, which
has resulted in racial inequalities and injustices

The Philippines, known for its rich cultural heritage, boasts a diverse population
comprising various ethnic groups and indigenous communities. Recognizing and embracing the
culturally appropriate races in the Philippines is essential for promoting inclusivity,
understanding, and respect. In this discussion, we will explore some of the key ethnicities and
indigenous groups and delve into their unique traditions, languages, and customs.
To apply the Culturally Appropriate race in the Philippines

Indigenous Communities: The Philippines is home to several indigenous communities, each

with its distinct cultural practices and traditions.

One example is the Aeta people, who primarily inhabit the mountainous regions of Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao. The Aeta have a deep connection to nature and lead a semi-nomadic
lifestyle. Respecting their identity, acknowledging their history, and recognizing their cultural
heritage are essential when interacting with the Aeta.

Another indigenous group is the Igorot people, consisting of several ethnic groups in the
Cordillera region of northern Luzon. The Igorots are known for their intricate weaving, terraced
rice fields, and unique burial practices. Understanding their customs, such as their reverence for
ancestors and traditional rituals, is crucial in communicating respectfully with the Igorot
community.

Ethnic Groups: Aside from the indigenous communities, the Philippines has a vibrant mix of
ethnic groups scattered across its various regions.

The Bicolano people, for instance, hail from the Bicol region in the southern part of Luzon.
They are known for their spicy cuisine, devotion to the Virgin of Peñafrancia, and the Pantomina
dance. Understanding their regional nuances and practices contributes to respectful
communication with Bicolanos.

The Ilocanos, originating from the Ilocos region, boast a rich cultural heritage. Their
distinctive cuisine, strong sense of frugality, and weaving traditions reflect their identity. It is
crucial to appreciate and respect their rituals, such as "pakbet" or the Ilocano style of cooking
mixed vegetables, when engaging with the Ilocano community.

The Kapampangan people, located in the central part of Luzon, have a strong culinary
tradition and are known for their delectable dishes. Embracing their love for food and recognizing
their regional contributions enhances cultural sensitivity when communicating with
Kapampangans.

Muslim Communities: In the southern regions of the Philippines, the Moro people primarily
reside. This culturally appropriate race consists of several indigenous Muslim groups, including
the Maguindanao, Maranao, and Tausug. Understanding and respecting their religious beliefs
and practices, such as Ramadan and Islamic traditions, promotes cultural appreciation and
sensitivity when interacting with the Moro community.

It is important to note that these examples merely scratch the surface of the cultural
diversity present in the Philippines. Other ethnic groups, such as the Bicolano, Ilocano,
Kapampangan, Cebuano, and many more, all contribute to the vibrant tapestry of cultures within
the country. Being culturally sensitive and appreciating the diversity of races and ethnicities in
the Philippines helps to build stronger connections, promote inclusivity, and avoid perpetuating
stereotypes or biases. Ultimately, recognizing and embracing the culturally appropriate races in
the Philippines allows for more meaningful and respectful interactions with individuals from
different backgrounds.

Recognizing and embracing the culturally appropriate races in the Philippines fosters
inclusivity, respect, and understanding. From indigenous communities like the Aeta and Igorots
to various ethnic groups such as the Bicolanos, Ilocanos, and Kapampangans, each race
contributes to the vibrant tapestry of Filipino culture. Additionally, acknowledging and respecting
the Muslim communities, collectively known as the Moros, is crucial for fostering meaningful
interactions.

By appreciating and understanding these cultures, we can build stronger connections,

avoid stereotypes and biases, and strengthen the fabric of our diverse society. It is through
culturally appropriate communication and appreciation that we can embrace the unique heritage
of the Philippines and promote a more harmonious and inclusive society for all.

Implication of Communication in the Philippines

In terms of Communication in the Philippines

The implications discussed in the webinar about culturally appropriate race in the
Philippines highlight the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences within
the country. It is by:

Recognizing the diversity of languages, dialects, and non-verbal communication,

individuals can bridge communication gaps and foster better understanding.
Acknowledging the sensitivity and respect needed in intercultural communication is crucial
for building stronger relationships.
Being aware of cultural nuances and avoiding stereotypes ensures that communication is
respectful, inclusive, and effective.

Understanding the implications in communication enables individuals to embrace

diversity and approach interactions with greater empathy and cultural sensitivity. This not only
strengthens connection and collaboration but also fosters a more inclusive society.

By appreciating and valuing the cultural heritage of each ethnic group, we can build a
more harmonious and united Philippines.

Recognizing social class differences is crucial in ensuring that communication is

respectful and inclusive. Avoiding language or images that perpetuate class stereotypes or
marginalize individuals based on their social class is essential for fostering understanding and
empathy.

Closing

As our webinar comes to a close, we hope you've gained a deeper understanding of

culturally appropriate race and communication in the Philippines. Remember, while race may not
be a dominant factor, respecting and embracing cultural diversity enriches our society