Module #2 Study Guide and Videos Links

MATTER

Print this study guide. Use the hard copy for taking notes and doing practice problems while you
watch the accompanying videos. These are the links for the accompanying videos. Click on the
link and it will open up and play. You can expand the screen with the “double arrows” in the bottom
right hand corner. You can pause and rewind using the bar at the bottom of the screen. Take notes
on your hard copy while you watch the videos.

Module 2: Definition/States of Matter:

https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cYjrrMm2sz

Module 2: Chemical vs. Physical Properties/Changes

https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cYjrn8m6Da

Module 3: Classification and Symbols/Formulas

https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cYjrqAm2fb

Objective 1
Define matter in your own words and distinguish between
matter and non matter.
Without looking in your book, make a list of things that are considered matter and a list of things
that are not matter.

MATTER NOT MATTER

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Definition:

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 According to Scientists’ model:
tiny particles and empty space
make up

MATTER
Can be
classified as:
Exists in one of
three states Has characteristic
properties Element symbol
Is considered to be
Pure
Can undergo Compoundformula
changes
Anything which Heterogeneous
- has mass
Gas - takes up space Mixture
Liquid Homogeneous
Solid

Chemical Physical

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 Objective 2
Distinguish between states of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
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States of Matter
Jot down and answer the question in the video:

Complete the table below. In the right hand column, write down the observations
that are relevant to each state. Some of these observations may be used more than once: rigid,
flows, expands to fill the container, compressible, incompressible

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Change of state

Label the arrows with the name of the process that makes the following changes of state.
One is done for you:

Solid Liquid Gas

freezing
How do these processes occur? (ie what makes them happen?)

Practice Problem) Gold has a melting point of 1063°C and a boiling point of 2966°C.
Specify the physical state of gold at each of the following temperatures;

a) 500°C b) 1000°C c) 2000°C d) 3000°C

Having completed this part of the study guide, you are now ready to do the
first of the module 2 CHEM 101 assignments:

CHEM 101 ASSIGNMENT Module 2 – States of Matter (5 problems)

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 Objective 3
Differentiate between chemical and physical properties of matter
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Physical vs. Chemical Properties
One classification of properties depends on whether the substance changes into something else when
you determine the property.

When you freeze water, it’s still water. If you float gasoline on top of water, it is still gasoline. If the
substance remains the same substance before and after you demonstrate a property, as water and
gasoline do in these cases, the property is called a physical property.

On the other hand, if you burn gasoline or mix an acid and a base, the original substances become
different substances (CO2 and H2O when you burn gasoline; salt and H2O when you mix an acid and a
base). If the identity of a substance changes when a property is demonstrated, the property is a
chemical property. Some hints for chemical properties are that you may see: temperature change
without applying any heat or ice; a color change; bubbles form (indicating the release of a gas), a new
smell given off.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Classify each of the properties described as either physical or chemical:

1. Steel forms a red solid (rust) when in contact with moist air.

2. Sugar dissolves in water.

3. An open can of cola goes flat.

4. A stick of dynamite explodes.

5. Gasoline is distilled in an oil refinery.

6. Baking soda dissolves in water.

7. Adding vinegar to baking soda produces gas bubbles.

8. Ammonia is colorless

9. Polyethylene burns with a clean, clear flame.

10. Ammonia gas is extremely soluble in water.

11. Mercury metal is a liquid at room temperature.

12. Sodium azide explodes in air bags to produce nitrogen gas.

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 Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
Physical properties of matter can further be classified. If the property depends on the amount of matter
present (like mass), it is an extensive property. If the property is independent of the amount (like color),
it is intensive. See the example below from your textbook:

Another example of extensive and intensive properties involves sulfur.

Figure 3.11 shows extensive properties of samples of sulfur crystals and
powder. Mass and volume are extensive properties and are related to the
amount of material in the sample. The intensive properties of color and
melting point are independent of the amount of the sample.

Because they differ in size, the two samples of sulfur have different extensive
properties, such as mass and volume. In contrast, their intensive properties,
including color and melting point are identical. Image credit: Principles of
General Chemistry.

Practice: Imagine your favorite drink. Classify the following as intensive or extensive
properties of that drink.

_____The temperature of your drink. _____The volume of your drink.

_____The taste of your drink. _____The state of your drink in the freezer.

_____The mass of your drink. _____The viscosity (thickness) of your drink.

Having completed this part of the study guide, you are now ready to do the second of the
module 2 CHEM 101 assignments:

CHEM 101 ASSIGNMENT Module 2 – Chemical and Physical Properties (10 problems)

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 Objective 4
Distinguish between chemical reactions and physical changes

Matter is often changed.

Total energy and total mass are conserved

There are two kinds of changes: during both kinds of change

PHYSICAL CHANGE CHEMICAL CHANGE

less drastic change; chemical bonds are broken and new
chemical bonds are not broken chemical bonds formed

Changes of State
(melting, freezing, evaporation,
condensation)

Separation of different kinds of particles

Mixing of different kinds of particles

(dissolving, blending)

Place a “P” in boxes that describe physical changes and a “C” for the chemical changes.

1. A drop of alcohol in your 2. Kool-Aid is added to water 3. The glass you are holding
hand disappears. breaks.

4. The candle wick turns 5. The light bulb in your lamp 6. You bake cookies.
black. lights.

7. The candle wax melts. 8. Ink flows from your pen. 9. You boil potatoes.

10. Gasoline fuels the bus 11. Pipes where you live get a 12. Your roommate burns your
movement. blue coating or a reddish pancakes.
brown coating

Do: CHEM 101 ASSIGNMENT Module 2 – Chemical and Physical Changes (20 problems)

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 Objective 5
Classify matter as pure element, pure compound,
homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture.
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Classifying Matter
Pure/Mixture

Define pure in your own words:

Define mixture in your own words:

List some pure things you know about:

List some mixtures you know about:

List some things you know about that look pure but really are mixtures:

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 Classifying Matter
Pure vs. Mixture

All matter is either pure or a mixture. Most things are in fact mixtures (you, your table, your
books, your soda, your pen, etc.). Take notes regarding these two questions.

How does a mixture differ from a pure substance?

Can you always tell by looking if a substance is pure or a mixture?

Pure Element vs. Pure Compound

A pure substance stands by itself. It is not a mixture of two substances. There are two
kinds of pure substances.

One kind is a pure element. Elements (like copper and helium) are found on the periodic
table. If you have any one element from the periodic table in a bottle all by itself, you have
a pure element in that bottle.

Another kind of pure substance is a pure compound. A compound is a combination of

elements. Water (H2O) is a compound. Salt (NaCl) is also a compound. If you put water in
a bottle with nothing else, you have a pure compound in the bottle. If you put salt in a
bottle with nothing else, you have a pure compound in the bottle.

What do you have if you put both salt and water together in a bottle? ________)

Don’t confuse a mixture with a pure compound!

● Compounds’ composition is definite. Mixture’s composition is variable.

● Compounds differ from elements that combine to make them. Mixtures retain the
properties of the individual components.

● Compounds’ components can only be separated chemically. Mixtures can be

separated physically.

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Consider two boxes with the following contents: The first contains 10 paddle lock
and 10 keys that fit the locks; the second contains 10 paddle locks with each lock’s
key inserted into the cylinder. Which box has contents that would be an analogy for a
mixture and which box has contents that would be an analogy for a compound?

Homogeneous Mixtures vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures

How do homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures differ?

What are some visual hints used to distinguish between homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixtures?

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Practice in Classifying Matter

Practice Problem: Classify the following items in the table below:

gold, gold ring, alcohol (C2H5OH), wine, acetaminophen, tylenol tablet, acetic acid (main
component of vinegar), vinegar, oil & vinegar dressing, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen,
mercury (in a thermometer), helium (in a balloon), carrot, leaf of carrot
MATTER

PURE MIXTURE

COMPOUND ELEMENT HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS

SOLIDS

LIQUIDS

GASES

Answer these questions:

1. How can you decide if a pure solid is an element or a compound?

2. How can you tell by looking if a solid mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous?

3. How can you tell by looking if a liquid mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous?

4. How can you tell by looking if a gas mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous?

5. In which box would you put most of the things in this room (books, people, tables,
cupboards, food, etc.

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 6.
7. emical Symbols for Elements

Some symbols are one letter:

Some symbols are two letters:

Some seem to fit:

Some do not:

Use your periodic table and write the chemical symbol for each member of the following
pairs of elements:

1) sodium and sulfur

2) magnesium and manganese
3) calcium and cadmium
4) arsenic and argon
5) copper and cobalt
6) potassium and phosphorus
7) iron and iodine
8) silicon and silver

(There is a full periodic table on the last page of this study guide. Ask your professor if this is the
one you will be using on exams. If it is, print it and keep it handy when you are studying chemistry.)

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 Chemical Formulas for Compounds

Formulas are sometimes written in different ways because certain particles of matter or atoms
form groups. It is still possible to identify the elements in a compound and the ratio of the
numbers of atoms of different elements. Do this for the compounds below. The first one is done
for you.

ethylene glycol (antifreeze); HOCH2CH2OH

6 hydrogens: 2 oxygens: 2 carbons

or 6 hydrogens, 2 oxygens, 2 carbons

lithium carbonate (treatment of manic depression) Li 2CO3;

rubbing alcohol; C3H7OH

acetic acid (the acid in vinegar); CH3COOH

Some ionic compounds have ions that behave as a group. They are written in parentheses. The
number following the parentheses needs to be carried through to every atom in the parentheses.
Try the problems below. The first one is done for you:

ammonium carbonate (found in smelling salts) (NH4)2CO3;

2 nitrogens, 8 hydrogens, 1 carbon, 3 oxygens

or 2 nitrogens: 8 hydrogens: 1 carbon: 3 oxygens

Magnesium hydroxide (antacid or milk of magnesia) Mg(OH)2

calcium phosphate (found in bones); Ca3(PO4)2

ammonium sulfate (sometimes used as fertilizer); (NH4)2SO4

iron nitrate; Fe(NO3)3

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 Chemical Symbols for Elements

Some symbols are one letter:

Some symbols are two letters:

Some seem to fit:

Some do not:

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