Complete Python Programming Topics
### Part 1: Python Overview
#### 1. Introduction to Python
##### 1.1 History of Python
Python was created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. The
language was designed to emphasize readability and ease of use, borrowing
heavily from ABC language. Python has since grown to become one of the most
popular programming languages globally, with wide adoption in various
domains.
##### 1.2 Features of Python
- **Simple and Easy to Learn:** Python's syntax resembles natural language,
making it beginner-friendly.
- **Interpreted Language:** Python executes code line by line, which simplifies
debugging.
- **Dynamic Typing:** Variables in Python do not need explicit declaration.
- **Extensive Libraries:** Python boasts a vast ecosystem of libraries for data
science, machine learning, web development, and more.
- **Portability:** Python code can run on various platforms with minimal or no
modification.
- **Object-Oriented:** Python supports both functional and object-oriented
programming paradigms.
##### 1.3 Applications of Python
- **Web Development:** Frameworks like Django and Flask.
- **Data Science and Machine Learning:** Libraries such as Pandas, NumPy,
and TensorFlow.
- **Scripting and Automation:** Automating repetitive tasks.
- **Game Development:** Libraries like Pygame.
- **Scientific Computing:** SciPy and Matplotlib.
#### 2. Setting Up Python Environment
##### 2.1 Installation of Python
1. Download Python from the [official website](https://www.python.org/).
2. Run the installer and check "Add Python to PATH."
3. Verify installation by running `python --version` in the terminal.
##### 2.2 IDEs and Tools for Python Development
Popular Python IDEs include:
- **PyCharm:** Advanced features for large projects.
- **VS Code:** Lightweight and extensible.
- **Jupyter Notebook:** Ideal for data analysis and visualization.
##### 2.3 Writing and Executing Python Code
Python code can be written in text editors or IDEs and executed using:
- **Command Line:** `python script.py`
- **Interactive Mode:** `python` in the terminal.
#### 3. Python Basics
##### 3.1 Variables and Data Types
Python supports various data types, including:
- **Numeric:** `int`, `float`, `complex`
- **Sequence:** `str`, `list`, `tuple`
- **Set Types:** `set`, `frozenset`
- **Mapping Type:** `dict`
Example:
```python
name = "Alice"
age = 25
height = 5.5
```
##### 3.2 Input and Output
- `input()` is used for taking input.
- `print()` is used for output.
Example:
```python
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
```
##### 3.3 Basic Operators
- **Arithmetic Operators:** `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`, `**`, `//`
- **Comparison Operators:** `==`, `!=`, `>`, `<`, `>=`, `<=`
- **Logical Operators:** `and`, `or`, `not`
Example:
```python
a, b = 10, 20
print(a + b) # Output: 30
```
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