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Lecture06 New

The document discusses the response of mechanical systems to harmonic excitation, focusing on undamped and damped systems. It includes equations of motion, solutions for various initial conditions, and examples illustrating the effects of driving frequency on system response, such as resonance and beat frequency. Additionally, it provides home assignments related to MATLAB plotting and problem-solving for specific mechanical parameters.

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13 views30 pages

Lecture06 New

The document discusses the response of mechanical systems to harmonic excitation, focusing on undamped and damped systems. It includes equations of motion, solutions for various initial conditions, and examples illustrating the effects of driving frequency on system response, such as resonance and beat frequency. Additionally, it provides home assignments related to MATLAB plotting and problem-solving for specific mechanical parameters.

Uploaded by

aliakbbar66607
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanical Vibration (ME

315)Spring 2023

LECTURE NO: 06

Dr. Taimoor Hassan


Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Response to Harmonic Excitation
Harmonic Excitation of Undamped Systems

Consider the usual spring mass damper


system with applied force

 is the driving frequency
 is the magnitude of the applied force
We take c = 0 to start with
Equations of motion

Figure
Solution is the sum
2.1
of homogenous
and particular
solution
The particular
solution assumes
form of forcing
function:
Substitute particular solution into the
equation of motion:

Thus the particular solution has


the form:
Add particular and homogeneous solutions
to get general solution:
Apply the initial conditions to evaluate
the constants

(2.1
1)
Comparison

Solution of the an Undamped non-


Homogeneous Vibration
f0 f0
x (0) = A1 sin 0 + A2 cos 0 + 2 2
cos 0 = A2 + 2 2
= x0
ωn − ω ωn − ω
f0
⇒ A2 = x0 − 2 2
ωn − ω
f0
x (0) = ωn ( A1 cos 0 − A2 sin 0) − 2 2
sin 0 = ωn A1 = v0
ωn − ω
v0
⇒ A1 = ⇒
ωn
v0 ⎛ f0 ⎞ f0
x (t ) = sin ω n t + ⎜ x0 − 2 2 ⎟ cos ω n t + 2 2
cos ω t
ωn ⎝ ωn − ω ⎠ ωn − ω

Solution of the an Undamped


Homogeneous Vibration
Response for m=100 kg, k=1000 N/m, F=100 N,
ω = ωn +5
v0=0.1m/s and x0= -0.02 m.
0.
05

-
0.0 0 2 4 6 8 1
5 D Time 0
(sec)
Notei the obvious presence of two
s
harmonic
p signals
l
Home Assignment

Plot both the responses on slides


(10 and 11) in MATLAB
Example 1.1: Compute and plot the response
for m=10 kg, k=1000 N/m, x0=0,v0=0.2 m/s,
F=23 N, ω=2ωn.
Example 1.2 Given zero initial conditions a harmonic input
of 10 Hz with 20 N magnitude and k= 2000 N/m, and
measured response amplitude of 0.1m, compute the mass
of the system.
Beat Frequency

What happens when ω is near ωn?

Eq.2.11 becomes

From Example 1.2

When the drive frequency and natural frequency


are close a beating, phenomena occurs
1

0
.
5
0
Larger
amplitu
- de
0
.
5-
10 5 1 1 2 2 3
D 0 5 0
Time 5 0
i (sec)
s
p
l
a
c
e
Observations
Response=harmonic wave with frequency ωn +harmonic
wave with frequency of excitation
When excitation frequency is almost equal to natural
frequency, vibration amplitude is very large. Rapid
oscillation with slowly varying amplitude (beats are
produced).
When excitation frequency is equal to the systems natural
frequency, vibration amplitude = . This condition is
called resonance.
When excitation frequency >> natural frequency, vibration
amplitude is very small. The reason is that the system is too
slow to follow the excitation.
A harmonic force may also be represented by sine or a
complex exponential. How does this change the solution?

The particular solution then


becomes:

the particular
solution is:
The total solution is the sum of the homogenous solution and the
particular solution, or

Evaluati
ng

The total solution for a sinusoidal harmonic input is


thus
⎛ v0 ω f0 ⎞ f0
x(t) = x0 cosω nt + ⎜ − 2 2⎟
sinω nt + 2 2
sinωt (2.25)
⎝ ωn ωn ωn − ω ⎠ ωn − ω
Harmonic excitation of damped systems
Displacem
ent
x
k
F=F0cos
ωt M
c

From differential equations it is known that the


forced response of a damped system is of the form
of a harmonic function of the same frequency as the
driving force with a different amplitude and phase.
Let xp have the
form:
Substitute into the
equations of motion
(grouping terms as coefficients of
sinwt and coswt)

Solving for As and


Bs:
Substitute the values of As and Bs
into xp:

Add homogeneous and particular to get total


solution:

The values of the constants of integration in the above equation can be


found from the initial conditions
Response of an underdamped system after applying the initial
conditions is
Example
2.2.2

x(t ) = Ae −ζωnt sin(ωd t + φ ) + X cos(ωt − θ )


Solutio homogeneous or transient solution particular or
steady state solution
n: yiel
ds
Home Task

Example 2.1.3, 2.1.4 and 2.2.3

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